THE Entomologist’s Record AND Journal of Variation Edited by C.W. PLANT, B.Sc., F.R.E.S. CONTENTS AND SPECIAL INDEX Vol. 120 2008 ISSN 0013-8916 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION World List abbreviation: Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. http://www.entrecord.com Editor C.W. PLANT, B.Sc., F.R.E.S. 14 West Road, Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire CM23 3QP. Telephone/Facsimile: 01279 507697 E-mail: cpaukl@ntlworld.com Registrar Treasurer R.F. McCormick, f.r.e.s. C.C. 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Originals are required for all photographs, drawings, diagrams, graphs, histograms and similar, though Tables may be incorporated into word processor files. For details, visit the web site or contact the Editor direct. CONTENTS compiled by Colin W, Plant and Andrew Smith 1: PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS A Aethes fennicana (M. Bering, 1924) (Lep. : Tortricidae) new to the British Isles. Brian Goodey, 89-90 Aulagromyza luteoscutellata (De Meijere, 1924), (Dip.: Agromyzidae): new to Great Britain. Rob Edmunds and Willem Ellis, 21-24 B Bactra venosana (Zeller, 1847) (Lep.: Tortricidae) new to the British Isles from Ireland. Tony Bryant and K. G. M. Bond, 97-99 Blasticotoma filiceti Klug, 1834 (Sym.: Blasticotomidae): a saw fly new to Ireland. Jerry Bowdrey, 123-124 Brown Argus hybrids in the Peak District. Bill Smyllie, 101-106 I Insect records from an electric insect killer in a tea servery at Sheringham Park, Norfolk. Keith N. A. Alexander, 147-149 (The) immigration of Lepidoptera to the British Isles in 2005. Sean Clancy, 49-84 (The) Immigration of Lepidoptera to the British Isles in 2006. Sean P Clancy, 209-276 P Investigation of the status of Tragus lapidator (F.) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, a parasitoid of Papilio machaon L. (Lep.: Papilionidae). Geoff Nohes, 125-128 N Notes on the genus Palpita H.bner (Lep., Pyralidae, Pyraustinae) from Fiji, with descriptions of two new species. John Clayton, 199-203 o On a new species of Eurhadinoceraea from Kyrgystan and the distribution of E. athalioides (Iakovlev, 1891) in Europe (Hym.: Tenthredinidae, Blennocampioae). Andrew D. Liston, 193- 198 P Pherbellia ( Oxytaenia ) stackelbergi Elberg, 1965 (Dip.: Sciomyzidae) new to the British Isles, with comments on generic and sub-generic placement. J. Saunton, C.D. Williams, R.J. McDonnell, C. Maher, L. Knutson and M.J. Gormally , 173-177 Possible evidence of global warming from the early emergence of butterflies on the Isle of Wight. 5. A. Knill-Jones, 33-34 R Raspberry Clearwing moth Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801) (Lep.: Sesiidae) in South Cambridgeshire and North Hertfordshire. J. Reid, 165-170 ill s Scolioneura vicina (Konow, 1894) (Hym.: Tenthredinidae): first records for mainland Britain. Rob Edmunds, 129-131 Small Autumnal Moth Epirrita filigrammaria (H. - S.) and Autumnal Moth E. autumnata (Borkh.) (Lep.: Geometridae) at a Scottish site. Roy Leverton, 1-6 (The) Snake Flies (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) of Cornwall and Devon, including Alantoraphidia maculicollis (Stephens) new to Cornwall. K. N. A. Alexander, 91-92 2: NOTES A Alzheimer’s Rustic? Anon, 138 Amphipyra pyramidea (L.) Copper Underwing and A. berbera Rungs ssp. svenssoni Fletcher Svensson’s Copper Underwing (Lep.: Noctuidae): a request for material. Leslie J. Hill, 155 An unusual form of the Peppered Moth Biston betularia (L.) (Lep.: Geometridae). Michael E. N. Majerus and Roger Northfield, 154-155 Another unusual form of the Peppered Moth Biston betularia (L.) (Lep.: Geometridae). David C.G. Brown, 198 Anthophila fabriciana (L.) (Lep.: Choreutidae) in November. Dennis Kallmer, 192 Argyresthia trifasciata Stdgr (Lep.: Yponomeutidae): a first record for Dorset (VC9). Leslie J. Hill, 95 B Beautiful Snout Hypena crassalis (Fabr.) (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Essex. Joe Firmin, 171 Blair’s Mocha Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.) (Lep.: Geometridae) in Rothamsted light traps, 2006. Philip J. L. Gould, 42 (The) Buttoned Snout Hypena rostralis (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae) recorded from a new site in Hertfordshire (VC20). Philip J. L. Gould, 24 c Cinnabar Tyria jacobaeae (L.) (Lep.: Arctiidae): Late records in Staffordshire, 2007. Jan Koryszko, 14 Coeliades libeon (Druce, 1875) - A migratory butterfly used as human food (Lep.: Hesperiidae). Torben B. Larsen, 189-191 Cosmia trapezina L. (Lep.: Noctuidae) Comments on variation and the description of a new form from Ireland. B. K. West, 170-171 Cypress Carpet Thera cupressata (Geyer) (Lep.: Geometridae) in south-east Essex. Don Down, 191-192 D Daytime flight in Northern Rustic Standfussiana lucernea (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae). Roy Leverton, 77-178 Diplopseustis perieresalis Walker, 1859 (Lep.: Crambidae) new to mainland great Britain. Roy McCormick, 85-87 Dystebenna stephensi (Stainton) (Lep.: Agonoxenidae) in Berkshire. Ian Sims , 146 iv E Early record of the Cypress Carpet Thera cupressata Geyer (Lep.: Geometridae) in Dorset (VC9). Philip J. L. Gould, 10 Early records for Peripsocus milleri (Tillyard) (Psocoptera: Peripsocidae) - a correction. K.N.A. Alexander and R. (Bob) E. Saville, 191 Ectoedemia heringella (Mariani) (Lep.: Nepticulidae) in Berkshire and East Suffolk. Ian Sims, 139 Eight days in the Burren (2007). Michael O’Sullivan and John W. Lavery, 107-117 Eilema caniola (Hb.) (Lep.: Arctiidae) (Hoary Footman) in Kent. Keith Palmer , 145-146 Epirrita dilutata (D.&S.) (Lep.: Geometridae): Extreme melanic ab. melana Prout and decline in melanism in north-west Kent. B. K. West, 28-29 F First and second records of adult Yarrow Pug Eupithecia millefoliata Rossi. (Lep.: Geometridae) for Bedfordshire (VC30). Philip J. L. Gould, 3 1 First Cheshire (VC 58) records of Small Ranunculus Hecatera dysodea (D.&S.) (Lep.: Noctuidae). Graham Jones, 164 Further records of Cilis hispanica (Lep.: Drepanidae). Jon Clifton, 85 Further records of Ectoedemia heringella (Mariani) (Lep.: Nepticulidae). Keith Palmer, 139-140 Further sightings of the Asian elm aphid Tinocallis takachihoensis Higuchi (Hem.: Aphididae) in England. Thomas F. Doring, 32 G Green- veined White Pieris napi sabellicae Stephens ab.fumosa Thompson. Michael Sykes, 18 Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lep.: Lymantriidae) female in Central London. Russell Miller, 111 H Haphazards of Butterfly Recording - a tribute to the sumble Small White ( Pieris rapae). Eddie John, 181-183 The Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Col.: Coccinellidae) reaches Scotland. Michael Majerus, 42-43 Hazards of butterfly collecting - A quick look at Pseudophilotes jordanicus - Jordan, June 2008. TorbenB. Larsen, 151-153 Hazards of butterfly collecting. A funny thing happened on the way to the pub. Torben B. Larsen, 18-119 Hazards of butterfly collecting. A journey seamlessly resumed - Sierra Leone, April 2006. Torben B. Larsen, 179-181 Hazards of butterfly collecting. Snakes and butterflies in Denmark - 1959 NS 2006. Torben B. Larsen, 93-95 Hazards of butterfly collecting: Wings over Africa - ongoing saga. Torben B. Larsen, 25-27 Heart Moth Dicycla oo (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae) re-found in Middlesex. Simon Buckingham, 141-142 Hydraecia micacea Esp. (Lep.: Noctuidae) ab. brunnea Tutt and ab. lutea Tutt in Kent. B. K. West, 35 L Larva of the White-spotted Pinion moth Cosmia dijfinis (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae) found in light woodland hedgerow situation at Witcham, Cambridgeshire. Paul Waring and David Hopkins, 29-31 V M (The) Marbled Pug Eupithecia irriguata (Hb.) (Lep.: Geometridae) in Dorset (VC9). Philip J. L. Gould , 35-36 (The) Mocha Cyclophora annularia (Fabr.) and False Mocha Cyclophora porata (L.) (Lep.: Geometridae) at Monks Wood National Nature Reserve, Huntingdonshire (VC31). Philip J. L. Gould , 36 More records of Aulagromyza luteoscutellata (de Meijere) (Dip.: Agromyzidae). Keith Palmer, 188-189 N Nemapogon variatella (Clemens) (Lep.: Tineidae) in Oxfordshire. Ian Sims, 192 Nephopterix angustella (Hb.) (Lep.: Pyralidae) a late larval record. R. J Heckford, 122 Northern Arches Apamea zeta assimilis (Doubleday) (Lep.: Noctuidae) discovered in Selkirkshire (Vice-county 79). Malcolm Lindsay, 107 Notable British barkfly (Psocoptera) observations in 2007. Keith N. A. Alexander, 19-20 Noteworthy records of late-flying moths (Lepidoptera) from Rothamsted Insect Survey light traps, 2005. Philip J. L. Gould, 28 Noteworthy records of late-flying moths (Lepidoptera) in Rothamsted Insect Survey light traps, 2006. Sam Knill- Jones, 43-45 o Oak Processionary moth Thaumetopoea processionea (L.) (Lep.: Thaumetopoeidae) in west London. Martin Townsend, 149-150 Observations of Atylotus rusticus (L.) (Dip.: Tabanidae) in Sussex during 2006. Andrew Grayson and Alan E. Stubbs, 120-122 Old Lady moths Mormo maura (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae): Record numbers in light-traps at Peterborough. Paul Waring, 15-17 Orthosia cerasi (Fabr.) (Lep.: Noctuidae): variation in Kent. B. K. West, 187-188 Orthosia gothica L. (Lep.: Noctuidae): variation in Kent and the Highlands of Scotland. B. K. West, 140-141 Orthosia incerta (Hufn.) (Lep.: Noctuidae): Comments on its variation in Kent and the Highlands of Scotland and two new aberrations named. B. K. West, 7-9 P Partial second brood of Lomaspilis marginata (L.) Clouded Border (Lep.: Geometridae): in Dorset (VC9). Leslie. J. Hill, 6 Peripsocus consobrinus Pearman, 1951 (Psoc.: Peripsocidae) in Scotland. R. (Bob) E. Saville, 11-13 Polemonium caeruleum : A new host plant for Liriomyza strigata (Mg.) (Dip.: Agromyzidae). Rob Edmunds , 14 Possible second generation of Pandemis cinnamomeana (Treits.) (Lep.: Tortricidae). R. J. Heckford, 157 s Second record of Pyrausta cingulata (Lep.: Pyralidae) in Bedfordshire (VC30). Philip J. L. Gould and Jason Chapman, 32 Second record of the Scarce Hook-tip Sabra harpagula Esp. (Lep.: Drepanidae) on The Channel Islands. Philip J. L. Gould, 124 Second record of the Scarce Hook-tip, Sabra harpagula Esp. (Lep.: Drepanidae), on The Channel Islands. Philip J. L. Gould , 178 VI Some notes on the territorial activity of Brown Hairstreak Theda betulae (L.) (Lep.: Lycaenidae) in particular, its timing. Andrew Middleton and Liz Goodyear , 183-186 Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella (Mill.) (Lep.: Tineidae) in Essex. Brian Goodey, 88 Syncopacma albifrontella (Heinemann, 1870) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) in France - a further note. Michael & Brenda Marney, 10 T (The) Triangle Heterogenea asella (D. & S.) (Lep.: Limacodidae) in Devon. Philip J. L. Gould, 48 (The) Triangle Heterogenea asella (D.&S.) (Lep.: Limacododae) in Devon. Philip J. L. Gould, 142-143 (The) Turnip Sawfly Athalia rosae (L.) (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) in Scotland. Andrew D. Liston, 99-100 Trichopteryx carpinata Borkh. (Lep.: Geometridae). Geographical variation, with reference to Kent, Westmorland and the Highlands of Scotland and descriptions of two hitherto undescribed aberrations. B. K. West, 156-157 u Unusual flight time of the Autumnal Moth Epirrita autumnata (Borkh.) (Lep.: Geometridae) in south Devon (VC3). Philip J. L. Gould, 18 w Was the biology of Elachista tengstromi Kaila et al., 2001 (Lep.: Elachistidae) discovered nearly 150 years before the species was described? R. J. Heckford, 143-145 Was the spring of 2008 really the worst ever for moth numbers? Colin W. Plant , 133-138 (The) Waved Black Parascotia fuliginaria (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae), the Dusky Hook-tip Drepana curvatula (Borkh.) (Lep.: Drepanidae) and the Passenger ( Dysgonia algira (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Devon during 2007. Roy McCormick, 88 Y Yellow-tail Euproctis similis (Fuessl.) (Lep.: Lymantriidae) larvae feeding on Japanese Knotweed. R. J. Heckford, 143 vii 3: ANNOUNCEMENTS, SUBSCRIBERS’ NOTICES ETC Editorial Announcements Eric Classey, 205 The Conservation (Natural Habitats etc) (Amendment) Regulations, 2007, 162=164 The future of this Journal, 161 Obituary Walter John le Quesne, 37-41 Subscriber Notices 5th European Moth nights: 24 to 28 July 2008, 132 An update on the National Moth Recording Scheme. Zoe Randle and Richard Fox , 45-48 French Internet site seeks data of distribution. Philippe Mot hi ran, 87 Harley Books, 122 Information requested on Gatekeeper Butterfly. Rupert Barrington, 13 Under new ownership: the National Leaf-mining Lepidoptera Recording Scheme. Rob Edmunds , 150 Submitting results of European Moth Nights 2008, 205 4: BOOK REVIEWS British and Irish Butterflies by Adrian M. Riley, 95-96 Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3: Scarahaeaoidea - Scitoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea; Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleropidea - Cucujoidea; Volume 5: Tenebrionoidea edited by I. Lobl & Smetana, 206 Fascinating insects. Some aspects of insect life by Pierre Jolivet and Krishna K. Verma, 208 Oxford Butterflies of India edited by Thomas Gay, Isaac David Kehimkar and Jagdish Punetha, 207 viii CONTRIBUTORS Page number entries in bold refer to peer-reviewed papers; entries in ordinary type refer to Notes and other communications that have been refereed internally by the Editor and his colleagues. Where an author is not the first named of multiple authors, the page number entry is printed in italic type. Alexander, Keith N. A., 19-20; 91-92; 147-149; 191 Anon, 138 Bond, K. G. M„ 97-99 Bowdrey, Jerry, 123-124 Brown, David C.G., 198 Bryant, Tony, 97-99 Buckingham, Simon, 141-142 Chapman, Jason, 32 Clancy, Sean, 49-84; 209-276 Clayton, John, 199-203 Clifton, Jon, 85 Doring, Thomas F., 32 Down, Don, 191-192 Edmunds, Rob, 14; 21-24; 129-131 Ellis, Willem, 21-24 Firmin, Joe, 171 Goodey, Brian, 88; 89-90 Goodyear, Liz, 183-186 Gormally, M. J„ 173-177 Gould, Philip J. L„ 10; 18; 24; 28; 31; 32; 35-36; 36; 42; 48; 124; 142-143; 178 Grayson, Andrew, 1 20- 1 22 Heckford, R. J„ 122; 143,143-145; 157 Hill, Leslie J„ 6, 95; 155 Hopkins, David, 29-31 John, Eddie, 181-183 Jones, Graham J, 1 64 Kallmer, Dennis, 192 Knill- Jones, S. A., 33-34; 43-45 Knutson, L„ 173-177 Koryszko, Jan, 14 Larsen, Torben B„ 25-27; 93-95; 118-119; 151- 153; 179-181; 189-191 Lavery, John W„ 107-117 Leverton, Roy, 1-6; 177-178 Lindsay, Malcolm, 107 Liston, Andrew D., 99-100; 193-198 Maher, C„ 173-177 Majerus, Michael E. N„ 42-43; 154-155 Mamey, Michael, 10 Marney, Brenda, 10 McCormick, Roy, 85-87; 88 McDonnell, R. J., 173-177 Middleton, Andrew, 183-186 Miller, Russell, 172 Nobes, Geoff, 125-128 Northfield, Roger, 154-155 O’Sullivan, Michael, 107-117 Palmer, Keith, 139-140; 145-146; 188-189 Plant, Colin W„ 133-138 Reid, J., 165-170 Saunton, J., 173-177 Saville, R. (Bob) E„ 11-13; 191 Sims, Ian, 139; 146; 192 Smyllie, Bill, 101-106 Stubbs, Alan E„ 120-122 Sykes, Michael, 18 Townsend, Martin, 149-150 Waring, Paul, 15-17; 29-31 West, B. K„ 7-9; 28-29; 35; 140-141; 156-157; 170-171; 187-188 Williams, C. D., 173-177 IX SPECIAL INDEX Compiled by Catherine Wellings Newly described taxa are indexed in bold type. Taxa new to, or newly recognised in, the British Isles and mentioned first in this volume are denoted by an asterisk. LEPIDOPTERA Page Page armigera, Helicoverpa . 77-78, 209, 210, abencerragus, Pseudophilotes . 151, 153 264-265 abietaria, Eupithecia ....... . ....59 artaxerces, Aricia . . . .101-106 abietella, Dioryctria . . 57, 223 asella, Heterogenea . ..48, 142-143 achine, Lopinga . . . 163 asiatica, Nycteola... . . . 49, 67, 80 acuta, Chrysodeixis......... . .....49, 50, 67 assimilis, ssp. of zeta Apamea . . 107 acutellus, Sclerocona . . .......55, 219 atalanta, Vanessa . 34, 71-72, 253 adelaidae, ssp. of fennicana, Aethes ........89 atra f. of incerta, Orthosia . . . . 7 adelphella, Sciota............ . . . . 57, 223 atrata, Odezia . . . 109, 110, 112 advenaria, Cepphis . . . 232 atriplicis. Trachea . .65, 210, 241 aegeria, Pararge . . 34, 108, 109, 110, atropos, Acherontia . ..59, 232-233 112, 116, 149 auricoma, Acronicta . . .........241 aegyptiaca, Euchloe . . 151 auriferella, Stathmopoda . . . 49, 53 aerugula, Nola . . 236 aurinia, Euphydras . . . . 109, 110 aestimaria, Chiasmia . . 211,232 autumnaria, Ennomos . . . 232 affinis, Cosmia . . . . 30 autumnata, Epirrita . . . . 1-6, 18 agathina, Xestia . . . 3 azaleella, Caloptilia . . 45 agestis, Aricia . . 34, 101-106 badia, Anatrachyntis . . . . 53 aglaja, Argynnis . . 110, 112, 113, 117 bankiana, Deltote . . . 67, 244 albifrontella, Stomoptery x . 10 bavius, Pseudophilotes.. . . 163 albifrontella, Syncopama . . . 10 baynesi, ssp. of tages, Erynnis . 108, 109, albipuncta, Mythimna . . .50, 63, 239 110, 112, 114 albomarginata, ab. of gothica, Orthosia.141 beatricella, Aethes . . ......89, 90 albovenosa, Simyra . . 241 belemia, Euchloe . . . . . 153 albula, Meganola . . 62, 236 bellargus, Lysandra . . . . 34 alchymista, Catephia . . 247 berbera, Amphipyra . . 155 alexanor, Papilio . . 153, 163 betulae, Ortholepis . . . . 223 alfacariensis, Colias . . . . 58, 225 betulae, Thecla . 109, 110, 114, 183-186 algae, Cryphia . ...50, 65, 192, 241 betularia, Biston . . . 154-155, 198 algira, Dysgonia . . 49, 68, 80, 88, bicuspis, Furcula . . .45 210, 247, 269 bidentata, Odontopera . . . . 5 allous, Aricia . . . 105 binotella, Hypatopa . . 215 alpinella, Platytes . . . . 54 bipunctella, Ethmia . . 53,215 amatrix, Catocala . . 247 biriviata, Xanthorhoe . . . . . 59, 231 ambiguella, Eupoecilia ... ..................53,215 bistortata, Ectropis . . ............28, 44 amplana, Cydia . 53, 54, 80, 216, 268 bistriga, Cryptoblabes . . . 56 anachoreta, Clostera . . 60 biviella, Vitula . . 57, 224 angustella, Nephopterix ., . . ....122, 224 boeticus, Lampides . . ..58, 226, 268 angustus f. of incerta, Orthosia..... . 8 bombycina, Polia . . 62, 239 ankeraria, Erannis . . . 163 borelii lunata, Gortyna . . ..163 annularia, Cyclophora . . 36, 58 bractea, Autographa . . . 246 antiopa, Aglais . . 226-228, 268 brassicae, Pieris........ . . . 34, 225 antiopa, Nymphalis). ...... . 58 britannica, ssp. of napi, Pieris . 108, 114 apollo, Parnassius . . . . . . 163 brunnea, ab. of micacea, Hydraecia.. . 35 arge, Melanargia . . . 163 brunnea, f. of gothica, Orthosia . . . 141 argiolus, Celastrina . . ..34, 94, 192 buettneri, Sedina . . . . 242 Aricia spp . . . . . 101-106 c-album, Polygonia . . . . . . . ...34 arion, Maculinea . . . . 163 calcaria, Erebia . . . . . 163 x cambridgei, Euchromius . 49, 54 Camilla, Limenitis . . 225 canapennella, Elachista . . . .90 candidula, Pseudeustrotia . 211, 244 canella, Gy mnancy la . . . 224 caniola, Eilema . .....50, 61, 145-146, 234 caprealis, Aglossa . . .....223 cararia, Stegania . . . ...268 carbonaria, f. of betularia, Biston . ...154 cardamines, Anthocharis... . .34, 108, 114 cardui, Cynthia.................... . ........34 cardui, Vanessa . . ........34, 72, 93, 153, 190, 253-254 carpinata, Trichopteryx . . ..156-157 cataluanalis, Antigastra . . ..50, 55, 210, 220-221,268 catax, Eriogaster . . 163 celerio, Hippotion . . . . 60, 233, 268 celtis, Lybythea . 183 cephalonica, Corcyra . . .......56 cerasi, Orthosia . . . 187-188 cerasus, f. of cerasi, Orthosia . 187 chalcites, Chrysodeixis.. . 50, 67, 244-245 chlamytulalis, Nola.... . . . 49, 62 chloridice, Pontia . . . .....183 choragella, Morophaga . . .....192 christi, Erebia . 163 christyi, Epirrita . 3 chrysippus, Danaus...... . . . 229, 268 cicatricella, Haimbachia . . . 216 cilium, Spodoptera . 49, 50, 66, 242 cingulata, Pyrausta . 32 cinnamomeana, Pandemis . . . ...157 cinxia, Melitaea . 33, 34 circumsignata, ab. of gothica, Orthosia .140 citri. Prays . . . ..214 clarensis, ssp. of semele, Hipparchia ....113, 114, 115, 116, 117 clathrata, Chiasmia........ . 59, 1 12 cloacella, Nemapogon.... . . . 192 coerulescens f. of incerta, Orthosia . . . 8 comma, Polygonia . 186 complana, Ei lema . . . . 1 45- 1 46 concinnata, Chlorocly sta. . . . 1 confusa, Macdunnoughia . 50, 68, 80, 210,245 conjuncta, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx . . . . . ...156, 157 contacta f. of incerta, Orthosia...................8 convolvuli, Agrius...... . 73-74, 256-257 coriacana, Clepsis . . . . . 215 crassa, Agrotis................................. . ...49 crassa, Euoxa . . . ...........62, 237 crassalis, Hypena . . . . ...28, 68, 171 crassilunulata, f. of agestis/artaxes, Aricia . . . . . . . 101 croceago, Jodia . ....240 croceus, Colias........ . 18, 34, 45, 71, 252 cuculatella, Nola . . 44 culmella, Chrysoteuchia . . . 90 culminaria, Phyllometra.. . ...163 cupressata, Thera . ...10, 59, 191-192, 231 curvatula, Drepana... . 49, 58, 88, 229 cyaneimarmorella, Stenoptinea . 88, 214 daplidice, Pontia . . 225 dardoinaria, Crocalis . 211, 232 deceptoria, Deltote . ..244 degenaria, Idaea.. . . . ....59, 231 demodocus, Papilio... . . . 225 depressa, Eilema . . . 44 deshaisiana, Cydia . 269 dia, Clossiana . 94 diffinis, Cosmia . 29-31 dilutata, Epirrita. . . . . . 2, 28-29 dimidiata, Idaea . . . 44 diminutalis, Nymphula . . 54 dispar, Lycaena . . . 163 dispar, Lymantria . 50, 61, 172, 210, 234 dodecea, Ethmia... . . 215 dominula, Callimorpha . 236 dumetata, Odontognophos . . 108 dysodea, Hecatera...... . . . 164 effractella, Eccopisa . 224 electa, Catocala . . . 80, 269 elisa, Fabriciana......... . . . .......163 emortualis, Trisateles . . 69 eriphia, Antichloris . ...236 erminea, Cerura........ . .......................270 eroides, Polyommatus... . . . 163 erythrocephala, Conistra . ...65, 240 eupheme, Zegris........ . ...................153 euphorbia, Hyles . . 233, 268 euphrosyne, Boloria... . 34, 108, 114, 117 evonymella, Yponomeuta ..........52, 80, 214 exclamationis, Agrotis . 133, 134, 135 exigua, Spodoptera . 50, 77, 209, 210, 263-264 extimalis, Evergestis . . . ....54, 217 extrema, Chortodes . . . 66, 242 fabriciana, Anthophila. . . . . . 1 92 falloui, Euchloe . ....151 fascelinella, Pediasia . 268 fasciaria, Hylaea . . ....28 fasciata, ab. of incerta, Orthosia . 9 fasciata, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx.. 156 fasciata, ab. of cerasi, Orthosia . 187 fasciata, f. of cerasi, Orthosia . 188 faunus, Ochlodes.. . . . ...33, 34 fennicana, Aethes *. . . . . . 89-90, 215 ferrugalis, Udea.... . 10, 70, 250 fiduciarium, Chondrosoma . . 163 filigrammaria, Epirrita 1-6 xi fimbrialis, Thalera . 58, 229 flammea, Mythimna . 64 flammea, Trigonophora......50, 65, 210, 240 flavalis, Mecyna . 220 flavilinea ab. of cerasi, Orthosia . 187 florella, Catopsilia . 1 8 1 fluxa, Chortodes (Photodes) . . 242 forestan, Coeliades... . 190 fovealis, Duponchelia . . . 55, 222 francillana, Aethes . 90 fraxini, Catocala . .....68, 80, 204, 210, 246-247, 269 fuliginaria, Parascotia . 68, 80, 88 fumidaria, Lignyoptera . . ..163 fumosa, ab. of cerasi, Orthosia . 188 fumosa, ab. of napi, Pieris . ...18 funebris, Anania . 47, 112 fuscatus f. of incerta, Orthosia . . . 7 galathea, Melanargia . . . 94 gallii, Hyles . 60, 233 gamma, Autographa . . . 10, 69, 79, 112,248,267 gander, Andronymus . 191 geminatella, Elachista . 143, 144 gilvago, Xanthia . 241 glaucinella, Argyresthia . 146 glauconome, Pontia . . . 153 gleichenella, Elachista . 144 gnidiella, Cryptoblabes . 56 golgus, Plebicula . 163 gorganus, ssp. of machaon, Papilio . 79, 225, 268 gothica, Orthosia . 140-141 grandaevana, Epiblema . 53, 216 gravesi, ssp. of rhamni, Gonepteryx . 112, 114,117 grisea, ab. of trapezina, Cosmia........ . 171 griseana, Zeiraphera . 215 griseola, Eilema . . 44 grossulariella, Zophodia . 224 gularis, Paralipsa........ . . . 80 harpagula, Sabra . 79, 124, 178 helle, Lycaena . 163 heringella, Ectoedemia . 45, 139-140 hero, Coenonympha..... . .163 hibernica, ssp. of aurinia, Euphydras....l09, 110 hibernica, ssp. of cardamines, Anthocharis . 108, 114 hibernica, ssp. of dumetata, Odontognophos . 108 hibernica, ssp. of phlaeas, Lycaena 114, 117 hippophaes, Hyles . 163 hispanica, Cilix . 85 hospes, Proxenus . 49, 66, 210, 242, 269 hospiton, Papilio . . 163 hostilis, Sciota . . . .....223 hugginsi, ssp. of clathrata, Chiasmia . 112 hyale, Colias . 58, 225 hylaeiformis, Pennisetia * . . . 165-170 hyperantus, Aphantopus . 113, 115, 116 icarus, Polyommatus . 34, 109, 110, 112,113,114,116 iemes, ssp. of jurtina, Maniola . . . 112, 113,114 incerta, Orthosia . 7-9 instabilis f. of incerta, Orthosia . 8 insulana, Earias. . . . ......244 insularia, f. of betularia, Biston .....154, 198 intermedia, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx... . 156, 157 interpunctella, Plodia...... . 57, 224, 269 interrogationis, Syngrapha . 210, 211, 246 io, Inachis . 34, 115, 116, 228 ipsilon, Agrotis . 75, 259-260 iris, Apatura... . 94, 183 irriguata, Eupithecia . 35-36 irrorella, Yponomeuta . . . 214 italica, Metalampra . . . 214 jacobaeae, Tyria . . . 14, 110, 112 janthina, Noctua . ..50, 62, 237 jordanicus, Pseudophilotes . 151, 152 jurtina, Maniola . 112, 113, 114, 115, 1 16 juventina, Methorasa....... . 269 juvemica, ssp. of sinapis, Leptidea . 108, 109,112,114,115 kadenii, Platyperigea...... . ..50, 66, 242 Kallima sp . 1 18 kuehniella, Ephestia . ..57, 224, 270 labecula, Dryobota . 50, 64 lacunana, Celypha...... . . . ..........90 laetus, Oxyptilus . 224 1-album, Mythimna . 63, 270 lanella. Tinea . ..214 lapponaria, Lycia . 47 larseni, ssp. of eupheme, Zegris. . 1 53 lathonia, Issoria . ..229 latreillei, Methorasa . ...211,241 lemonias, Precis (=Junonia) . .......58 leucogaster, Ochropleura . 62, 210, 237 leucomelas, Aedia . 211, 247 leucophaearia, Agriopis . . . 45 levana, Araschnia . 94 libeon, Coeliades . 1 89- 1 90 licarsisalis, Herpetogramma . 211, 222 lichenaria, Cleorodes . . . .....232 limbata, Evergestis . 54, 217 limbirena, Ctenoplusia . 245 lineata ab. of incerta, Orthosia . 9 lineatella, Anarsia . . .215 linetella, Chrysocrambus . 268 livomica, Hyles. ...50, 60, 80, 209, 211, 259 1-nigrum, Arctomis . 79, 203, 234 lomaensis, Euriphene . 1 80 loreyi, Mythimna . 50, 63, 80, 209, 210,211,262-263 loricatella, Glyphipterix . . . 163 lucemea, Standfussiana . . 177-178 lucida, Acontia.... . . . 67, 244 lucina, Hamearis . . ......34 luctuosa, Tyta . . . 247 lunaris, Minucia . . . 247 lunularia, Selenia . . . ....232 lurideola, Eilema . . . 1 lutea, ab. of micacea, Hydraecia.. . 35 machaon, Papilio ..............58, 125-128, 225 macularia, Pseudopanthera ............109, 110 magnificella, Elachista = regificella, Elachista malvae, Pyrgus......................34 margaritata, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx . . . 156 margaritella, Catoptria . . ...................54 marginata, ab. of cerasi, Orthosia . 188 marginata, Lomaspilis . .6 marginata, Pennisetia... . ............165, 168 mariscolore, ssp. of icarus, Polyommatus . 109, 110, 112, 113,114,116 marshalli, Cacyreus . . . . 1 19, 226 mathias, Pelopidas . . . .....191 matuma, Hypodryas. . . . 163 maura, Mormo . 15-17 medicaginis, Cydia . ...80 mediofusca, ab. of cerasi, Orthosia........ 188 megera, Lasiommata . . . 34, 116, 117 melaleuca f. of incerta, Orthosia . . . 8 metis, Aptura . . . ......163 micacea, Hydraecia . . . 35 micalis, Tebenna . . 52, 214 millefoliata, Eupithecia . . . . .3 1 minimus, Cupido . 33, 34, 112 miniosa, Orthosia..... . . . 63 mixta, Cucullia. . . . .........163 mnemosyne, Pamassius . 163 molesta, Grapholita.. . 53, 270 monachella, Monopis....... . ...52 morsei, Leptidea . 163 muscerda, Pelosia . .........61, 80, 234, 268 musculus, Arytrura . . . 163 myrmidone, Colias. . . .....163 myrtilli, Anarta . 3 nabataeus, ssp. of abencerragus, Pseudophilotes... . . . 151, 153 napi, Pieris . . 18, 34, 108, 114 nausithous, Maculinea . . ............163 neander, Andronymus . . . 191 nebulella, Homeosoma . . ....................224 nebulosus f. of incerta, Orthosia . 8 nemoralis, Agrotera . ....222 neophron, Euphaedra . . .....118 nerii, Daphnis...... . . . 60, 233 ni, Trichoplusia . 50, 68, 210, 211, 266 nigra, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx. . 156 nigropunctata, Scopula . . 59, 231 noctuella, Nomophila .69, 71, 248, 250-251 nubigera, Heliothis. . ........210, 243, 269 nubilalis, Ostrinia . .....32, 44, 55, 80, 219 nymphagoga, Catocala... . ...........49, 68 obductella, Pempelia........ . . . ..57 obelisca, Euxoa . . . .....237 obesalis, Hypena....... . . . 49, 69 obliqua, f. of cerasi, Orthosia.. . .......187 oblitella, Ancyclosis . . . 57, 224 obscura, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx... . . . 156, 157 obsitalis, Hypena . .....50, 68, 204, 247 obsoleta-rufa, f. of gothica, Orthosia..... 141 obstipata, Orthonama... . 73, 210, 255-256 obtusa, Pelosia . . 234 occidentalis, ssp. of tridens, Calamia . 108 occulta, Eurois . ..62, 204, 210, 21 1, 237-239, 269 ocellaris, Xanthia . . . 241 ocellea, Euchromius . ..54, 216, 217 ochracea f. of incerta, Orthosia . 9 ochrata, Idaea.. . . 210, 231 ochrea, ab. of trapezina, Cosmia . 171 ocularis ab. of incerta, Orthosia . ...9 oditis, Leucochlaena . . . 240 oedippus, Coenonympha. . 163 ohridella, Cameraria . . . 139, 170 oleastrella, Zelleria... . . . 211, 214 ononaria, Aplasta . . . ...58, 229 oo, Dicycla . 141-142 operculella, Pthorimaea . . 215 orbonalis, Leucinodes . .....222 orichalcea, Thysanoplusia. . 245 ornitopus, Lithophane . . . 64 ostrina, Eublemma.... . 66, 243, 269 paleacea, Enargia . 242 palealis, Sitochroa.. . . . ..55, 219 pallida, ab. of trapezina, Cosmia . 171 pallida, f. of cerasi, Orthosia . 188 pallida, f. of gothica, Orthosia . . .140, 141 Palpita spp . 199-203 pamphilus, Coenonympha . 34, 110, 112, 113,114,115,117 paphia, Argynnis . . . 110, 112, 113, 114,115,117,229 parva, Eublemma . . . 50, 66, 80, 210, 243-244, 269 peltigera, Heliothis . ..50, 78-79, 81, 209, 210, 265-266 peregrina, Prays . . . . 53, 80, 214 perieresalis, Diplopseustis . . . 85-87 phalerata, Apantesis . 269 phlaeas, Lycaena . . 34, 114, 117 phoeniciata, Eupithecia . . .192 pilosaria, Phigalia . . . 45 pini, Dendrolimus . . . . . 79, 268 pisidice, Pseudotergumia . . .....151, 153 plagiata, Aplocera . . . 43 plantaginis, Parasemia . . 110 plantaginis, ssp. of plantaginis, Parasemia . . . ......110 plebejana, Crocidosema . . . 80 plexippus, Danaus . 58, 119, 229 plumigeralis, Pechipogo ....49, 69, 210, 248 pluriguttata ab. of incerta, Orthosia . .9 podalirius, Iphiclides . ...94, 225 polychoros, Aglais . 34, 58, 79, 226, 268 polychromella, Syncopacma . . . 215 polygonalis, Uresiphita . 55, 79, 210, 218-219,268 polygrammata, Costaconvexa . 49, 59, 79, 210,231,268 polyxena, Zerynthia . . . 163 porata, Cyclophora. . 36 praecox, Actebia . 62, 237 pratella, Crambus . 216 proboscidalis, Hypena . 204 processionea, Thaumetopoea..l49-150, 234 promissa, Catocala . 80 pronuba, Noctua . 62, 237 prosperina, Prosperinus . 163 pulchella, Utetheisa . 49, 61, 236, 269 pulchrimella, Cosmopterix . 53, 215 pulveralis, Psammotis . 55, 210, 220 punctiferalis, Conogethes . 223 puppillaria, Cyclophora . 42, 59, 210, 230 purpuralis, Zygaena . 112, 114 purpurina, Eublemma ..49, 66, 80, 210, 243 putrescens, Mythimna . 240 pygarga, Protodeltote . 44 pygmaeola, Eilema . 61, 235 pyralina, Cosmia . 30, 65 pyramidea, Amphipyra . 155 quadra, Lithosia . 44, 61, 235-236 quadrillella, Ethmia . 53 quadripunctaria, Euplagia . 50, 62, 236 ramburialis, Diasemiopsis . 221-222, 268 rapae, Pieris . 34, 113, 181-183 raptricula, Cryphia . 241 recurvalis, Spoladea . 49, 50, 55, 210, 222, 268 regificella, Elachista . 143-145 repandalis, Paracorsia . 211, 219 repandana, Conobathra . 57, 223 reversalis, Uresiphita . 219 rhamni, Gonepteryx . 34, 112, 114, 117 rhenella, Sciota . 49, 57, 211, 223 rhododactyla, Cnaemidophorus . 224 roboris, Dryobotodes . 269 robusta, Pandesma . 247, 270 robustana, Bactra . 97 rorrella, Yponomeuta . 52, 214 rostralis, Hypena . 24 rubi, Callophrys . . 34 rubiginata, Scopula . 59, 231 rubricollis, Atolmis . 61, 234 rufa, ab. of trapezina, Cosmia . 171 rufa, f. of cerasi, Orthosia . . . 187 rufana, Celypha . . . ....215 rufannulata ab. of cerasi, Orthosia......... 188 rufescens, ab. of gothica, Orthosia . 140 ruficiliaria, Cyclophora . 230 rufocincta isolata, Polymixis . . .....163 rusticata, Idaea . ...59, 231 sabellicae, ssp. of napi, Pieris . 18 sabulosa, ssp. of purpuralis, Zygaena . . . ...112, 114 sacraria, Rhodometra . 72-73, 81, 210, 254-255 saharae, Papilio . 151, 153 salicata, Nebula . 44 salicis, Leucoma . . . ....61, 234 saucia, Peridroma . 75-76, 209, 260-261 schmidtii, Dioszeghyana . 163 scrophulariae, Shargacucullia . 79 secundaria, Peribatodes . 232 semele, Hipparchia.l 13, 1 14, 1 15, 116, 1 17 semirubella, Oncocera . 57, 223 separata, ab. of gothica, Orthosia... 140, 141 sericea, Eilema . 1 signaria, Macaria . 50, 59, 23 1 silvella, Crambus . 216 similella, Denisia . 79 similella, Elegia . .....57, 223 similis, Euproctis . 143 simulans, Rhyacia . 62 sinaicus, Pseudophilotes . .151, 152 sinapis, Leptidea . .....108, 109, 112, 114, 115, 117 sinuosaria, Eupithecia . 49, 59 smeathmanniana, Aethes . 89, 90 solidaginis, Lithomoia . .....240 sororcula, Eilema . 234 sparganii, Archanara . 242 spilogramma, Palpita . 199-202 spinosa, Palpita . .....199-202 splendens, Lacanobia...49, 62, 79, 239, 269 sponsa, Catocala . 68, 247 stellatarum, Macroglossum . 69, 74-75, 209, 210, 248, 257-259 stephensi, Dystebenna . 146 sticticalis, Loxostege . 55, 217-218 striata, ab. of trapezina, Cosmia... . 171 strix, Xylomoia . . 163 suberivora, Stigmella . . . 139 subsetaceus f. of incerta, Orthosia . 8 sudetica, Erebia . . . 163 suffusa, f. of cerasi, Orthosia . . . 187 superstes, Hoplodrina . 269 svenssoni, ssp. of berbera, Amphipyra ..155 sylvestrella, Dioryctria . . . 50, 57, 223 taeniata, ab. of gothica, Orthosia . . 140 tages, Erynnis . .....34, 108, 109, 110, 112,114,117 XIV tangeens, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx 156 taraxaci, Lemonia . . 268 teleius, Maculinea.. . . . 163 tenebrosa, Dryobotodes . . ..........269 tengstromi, Elachista . . 1 43- 1 45 tessellaris, Halysidota . . . .....269 testalis, Hodebertia . . . ....211, 222 testudinaria, Hyphoraraia...49, 62, 21 1, 236 thrax, Pelopidas................ . 191 thrips, Catopta.. . . . .163 tircis, ssp. of aegeria, Pararge . 108, 109, 110,112,116 tithonus, Pyronia . . . . . 13, 34, 149 tityrus, Hemaris . 47, 109 trapeziella, Biselachista . . 144 trapezina, Cosmia . . . . 170-171 tridens, Calamia . 108 trifasciata, Argyresthia . 95 trifolii, Discestra . 80, 239 trigutta f. of incerta, Orthosia . ..........8 trimaculata, Stegania . . . 21 1, 231 tritophus, Notodonta . 79, 234 truncata, Chloroclysta . 1 tumidana, Conobathra . 56, 223 typica, f. of betularia, Biston . 154, 198 typica, f. of gothica, Orthosia . 140 uarda, ssp. of eupheme, Zegris . . 153 ulmifoliae, Bucculatrix . . .....214 umbrana, Acleris.... . 215 umbraria, Peribatodes . . . 268 undalis, Hellula . 50, 54, 217, 218, 268 unifasciata, ab. of carpinata, Trichopteryx . . . 156 unipuncta, Mythimna . . 50, 77, 262 urticae, Aglais . . 34, 117, 226 variatella, Nemapogon . 192 variegata, ab. of gothica, Orthosia. 140, 141 vau-album, Nymphalis . .....163 venosana, Bactra *. . .....97-99, 215 verellus, Catoptria.... . .210, 211, 217, 268 vetusta, Xylena . . . 64, 240 virginiensis, Vanessa . 225 virgo, Eucarta . . . 211, 241 viriplaca, Heliothis . . . ...243, 269 vitella, Earias . . . ....244 vitellina, Mythimna.. ............. ......50, 76, 81, 209, 261-262 vitiensis, Palpita . . . . . 1 99-20 1 vitrealis, Palpita . .....55, 56, 80, 209, 210, 211,251-252, 269 w-album, Satyrium . . 183 xylostella, Plutella .............69, 70, 248, 249 zeta, Apamea.......... . .107 zinckenella, Etiella . . . 223 ARACHNIDA Macrothele calpeina . . . ........163 COLEOPTERA Athous haemorrhoidalis . . . 148 Bolbelasmus unicornis . . . . 1 63 Buprestis splendens . . . ...163 Carabus hampei . 163 Carabus hungaricus. . 163 Carabus olympiae . . . 163 Carabus variolosus . 163 Carabus zawadszkii . 163 Cerambyx cerdo... . . . .........163 Cetonia aurata . 112 Ceutorhynchus obstrictus . 148 Cucujus cinnabarinus.... . 163 Dorcadion fulvum cervae . . . 163 Dorcus parallel ipipedus . . 32 Duvalius gebhardti......... . . . 163 Duvalius hungaricus . . . 163 Dytiscus latissimus . .163 Graphoderus bilineatus . 163 Halzia sedecimguttata . 148 Harmonia axyridis . . 42-43, 170 Leptodirus hochenwarti . .163 Mordellistena pumila . 148 Nicrophorus vespilloides . 148 Osmoderma eremita . 163 Oulema melanopus . 148 Phryganophilus ruficollis . 163 Phyllobius argentatus . 148 Pilemia tigrina . . . .....163 Probaticus subrugosus . 163 Propomacrus cypriacus . . . 1 63 Pseudogaurotina excellens . ..163 Pseudoseriscius cameroni . 163 Py tho kol wensis . . . . 1 63 Rosalia alpina . .................163 DERMAPTERA Labia minor . . . 32 Forficula auricularia. . . ..148 ECHINODERMATA Centrostephanus longispinus . 163 DIPTERA Atylotus rusticus . . 1 20- 1 22 Aulagromyza comigera . 21, 22 Aulagromyza hendeliana . 21, 22, 23 Aulagromyza luteoscutellata * . 21-24, 188-189 Beris vallata . . ....148 Bibio marci . 148 Brachypalpus laphriformis....... . 147, 148 Calliphora vicina . 148 Calliphora vomitoria . . 148 Chetocera spp . . . 175 xv Chlorops hypostigma.. . . . .148 Colobaea distincta . . . 173 Colobaea pectoralis . . . 173 Dasysyrphus venustus . . . 148 Dioctria baumhaueri . . . 148 Ditaenia spp. . . 175 Ditaeniella spp . 175 Drina flavicans . . . 190 Epistrophe grossulariae . 148 Episyrphus balteatus . . . ...148 Eristalis horticola . 148 Eristalis tenax..... . 148 Eustalomyia festiva . 148 Fannia canicularis . 148 Graphomyzina spp . 175 Helina depuncta . . 148 Hydrotaea irritans . . . 148 Ilione albiseta . . . 174 Lucilia caesar . 148 Liriomyza bryoniae... . 14 Liriomyza huidobrensis . . . 14 Liriomyza strigata . ..14 Melanostoma scalare . 148 Melina spp . 175 Microchrysa polita . 148 Musca autumnalis . 148 Musca domestica . 148 Myathropa florea . 148 Neoitamus cyanurus . 147, 148 Neomyia cornicina . 148 Nephrotoma flavipalpus . . . 148 Neria cibaria . ...148 Palloptera muliebris . 148 Pegomya trans versa . 148 Phaonia angelicae . . .148 Phaonia errans . 148 Phaonia incana........ . .....148 Phaonia tuguriorum . 148 Pherbellia beatricis.. . ......175 Pherbellia brunnipes . 173, 174 Pherbellia cinerella . ......174 Pherbellia dorsata . 173 Pherbellia griseola . 174 Pherbellia rozkosnyi . 173 Pherbellia stackelbergi *.... . 173-177 Philophy 11a caesio . 148 Platycheirus albimanus . . 148 Platycheirus scutatus.... . 148 Polietes lardarius . 148 Rhagio lineola . 148 Rhagoletis altemata . 148 Sarcophaga carnaria . 148 Scaeva pyrastri . 148 Sciapus platypterus . 148 Sciomyza brunnipes . 175 Sciomyza cinerella.......... . 175 Sciomyza dryomyzina . 174 Sicus ferruginous . . ......148 Suillia bicolor . . . .................148 Sylvicola fenestralis . . . 148 Tetanocera montana.. . .........173, 174 Thereva nobilitata . . . . 1 48 Tricholauxania praeusta . . . 148 Volucella pellucens . 148 Xylota florum... . . . 147, 148 Xylota segnis . . . 148 Xylota sylvarum . . . .........148 HETEROPTERA Corixa punctata . . . 32 Macropsis fuscula . 148 Notus flavipennis . 148 Philaenus spumarius . 123 Phytocoris tiliae. . ....148 Tinocallis takachihoensis . 32 HYMENOPTERA Ancistrocerus parietinus . ..148 Andrena nigroaenea . 1 49 Athalia ancilla = Athalia glabricollis Athalia glabricollis . . . 100 Athalia cordata . 148 Athalia rosae . 99-100 Blasticotoma filiceti . 123-124 Bombus lapidarius . 149 Bombus pascuorum . . . 149 Bombus pratorum . . . 149 Chrysis ignata . 148 Crabro cribaria . 149 Crabro peltarius . . . .149 Crossocerus megacephalus . 149 Crossocerus quadrimaculatus . . ....149 Crossocerus vagabundus . 149 Crossocerus wesmaeli.. . . . .........149 Dolichovespula saxonica . . 149 Dolichovespula sylvestris . . ....149 Ectemnius sexcinctus . . . 149 Eurhadinoceraea athalioides . 1 93- 198 Eurhadinoceraea krausi. . 193-198 Eurhadinoceraea ventralis . 193 Pemphredon lugubris . 149 Perithous divinator . 148 Psen equestris . 149 Rhopalum clavipes . 149 Scambus planatus . 148 Scolioneura betuleti . 131 Scolioneura vicina * . . . . . 1 29- 1 3 1 Trogus lapidator . 125-128 Vespa crabro . 149 Vespula germanica . . . . . . 1 49 Vespula vulgaris . 149 ISOPODA Armadillidium ghardalamensis . . 163 xvi MANTODEA Apteromantis aptera.. . . . . 163 ODONATA Aeshna grandis . . 1 13 Aeshna juncea... . . . 113 Aeshna viridis ........................................163 Brachy Iron pratense . . 113 Calopteryx splendens . 1 13 Cordulegaster heros . ..163 Cordulegaster trinacriae . . . 163 Gomphus graslinii. . . . 163 Leucorrhinia albifrons . . 163 Leucorrhinia caudalis........ . . . .........163 Leucorrhinia pectoralis . . . 163 Lindenia tetraphylla . . . 163 Macromia splendens . . 163 Ophiogomphus cecilia . . . 163 Oxygastra curtisii . . . 163 Stylurus flavipes . . 163 Sympecma braueri . . ..163 Sympetrum striolatum . . 1 1 3 ORTHOPTERA Baetica ustulata..... . 163 Brachytrupes megacephalus . 163 Isophy a costata . . . 163 Isophya harzi . . . ............163 Isophy a sty si . 163 Myrmecophilus baronii . . . 163 Odontopodisma rubripes . . .163 Paracaloptenus caloptenoides . . . 163 Pholidoptera transsyl vanica . . . 163 Saga pedo.... . . . .163 Stenobothrus eurasius . . 163 PSOCOPTERA Atlantopsocus adustus . . .......20 Amphigerontia bifasciata . 13 Blaste quadrimaculata . .20 Ectopsocus petersi . . . 19 Enderleinella obsoleta... . . . 13 Liposcelis decolor. . . . ....19 Metylophorus nebulosus . . . 13 Peripsocus consobrinus ................11-13, 19 Peripsocus didymus . . . . .11, 12, 13 Peripsocus milleri . . . 191 Peripsocus subfasciatus . .........11, 13, 191 Philotarsus parviceps . . . ..13 Philotarsus picicomis.... . 13 Trichopsocus brincki . ....19 Trichopsocus clarus ...........................19, 20 Valenzuela burmeisteri . . . .,13 Valenzuela flavidus . ..19 RAPHIDIOPTERA Atlantoraphidia maculicollis . 91-92 Phaeostigmata notata . . . ..91 Xanthostigma xanthostigma . . 91 MOLLUSC A: Gastropoda Anisus vorticulus . . 163 Caseolus calculus . . . 163 Caseolus commixta . 163 Caseolus sphaerula.......................... . 163 Chilostoma banaticum . 1 63 Discula defloratus . 163 Discula guerinianus . . . 163 Discula leacockiana . . . 163 Discula tabellata . . . 163 Discula testudinalis . 163 Discula turricula.. . . ...163 Elona quimperiana . 163 Geomalacus maculosus . .163 Geomitra moniziana . 163 Gibbula nivosa. . . . ....163 Hygromia kovacsi . 163 Idiomela subplicata (= Helix subplicata)............ . ..........163 Lampedusa imitatrix . 163 Lampedusa melitensis... . 163 Leiostyla abbreviata . ....163 Leiosty la cassida . . . . 1 63 Leiostyla comeocostata . . . 163 Leiostyla gibba . 163 Leiostyla lamellosa . . 163 Paladilhia hungarica . 1 63 Patella ferruginea . 163 Sadleriana pannonica . ......163 Theodoxus prevostianus . 163 Theodoxus transversalis . 163 MOLLUSCA: Bivalvia Lithophaga lithophaga . 163 Pinna nobilis . . ........163 Margaritifera auricularia . 1 63 Unio crassus . . ....163 Congeria kusceri . . 163 NEUROPTERA Chrysoperla camea . . . .....149 Wesmaelius betulinus . . ...149 XVII Printed in England by Cravitz Printing Company Limited 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM 14 4TA. Telephone: 01277 224610 Fax: 01277 262815 E-mail: cravitzprinting@btconnect.com PUBLISHED BI-MONTHLY Entomologist’s Record Journal of Variation Edited by C.W. PLANT, B.Sc.,F.R.E.S. January/February 2008 ISSN 0013-8916 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION World List abbreviation: Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. http://www.entrecord.com Editor C.W. PLANT, B.Sc., F.R.E.S. 14 West Road, Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire CM23 3QP. Telephone/Facsimile: 01279 507697 E-mail: cpaukl @ ntlworld.com Registrar Treasurer R.F. McCormick, f.r.e.s. C.C. 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Originals are required for all photographs, drawings, diagrams, graphs, histograms and similar, though Tables may be incorporated into word processor files. For details, visit the web site or contact the Editor direct. SMALL AUTUMNAL AND AUTUMNAL IN SCOTLAND 1 SMALL AUTUMNAL MOTH EPIRRITA FILIGRAMMARIA (H. - S.) AND AUTUMNAL MOTH E. AUTUMNATA (BORKH.) (LEP.: GEOMETRIDAE) AT A SCOTTISH SITE Roy Leverton Whitewells, Ordiquhill, Cornhill, Banffshire AB45 2HS. Abstract Epirrita filigrammaria (Herrich-Schaffer) and E. autumnata (Borkhausen) (Lep.: Geometridae) were studied at a site in Scotland during 1990-2007. They showed clear differences in flight period and in habitat preferences. The much earlier emergence period of E. filigrammaria, and the distinct appearance of its larva, were maintained when both taxa were reared side by side and on the same foodplant in captivity. Introduction According to Karsholt & Razowski (1996), Small Autumnal Moth Epirrita filigrammaria is found only in Britain and Ireland. If so, it may be our best claim to an endemic macro-moth, now that Northern Footman Eilema sericea has been relegated to a form of Common Footman E. lurideola and Arran Carpet Chloroclysta concinnata is generally considered to be only a race of Common Marbled Carpet C. truncata. Inevitably, there is some suspicion that filigrammaria likewise is no more than an upland ecotype of Autumnal Moth Epirrita autumnata, which occurs throughout northern and central Europe. The two taxa are hard or impossible to separate as adults, even using genitalia. The earlier emergence period of filigrammaria could simply be a response to cooler temperatures at higher altitudes. Although there are clear differences in larval coloration and markings, these too could be caused by environmental factors or by foodplant. At my home site, Ordiquhill near Cornhill in Banffshire (VC 94), both taxa were resident during 1990-2007. At least, there was an Epirrita (hereafter assumed to be filigrammaria) that occupied the higher heather moorland and emerged from late August, with another (assumed to be autumnata) that favoured birch and alder copses on the lower ground but did not fly until October. This paper analyses my records of the two taxa over the period in question, together with information from captive rearing, in an attempt to evaluate their status as separate species. Study area The study area covered about 1 square kilometre, mainly in OS grid reference NJ5755. It formed part of a north-facing hillside rising from 150m above sea level at its northern boundary to the summit of Culvie Hill at 264m. Mixed farmland occupied the lower and more gently sloping ground, giving way to unimproved boggy grassland that merged with heather moorland on the higher and drier slopes. Silver birch Betula pendula, alder Alnus glutinosa, sallow Salix spp. and European larch Larix decidua were the predominant trees, except for a narrow shelterbelt of Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis. 2 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.i.2008 Methods Adults of both taxa were regularly found at rest by day on fence posts ( filigrammaria ) or on tree trunks such as birch ( autumnata ), these different resting places merely reflecting what was available in their respective habitats. Away from fence lines, most filigrammaria presumably rested low down in the heather (as captive ones happily did). If so, they sat tight, for none was ever disturbed by walking through the site in the daytime. Both taxa were also found by torchlight at dusk and after dark, sitting on vegetation with wings held closed over their backs, butterfly- fashion. Many were newly-emerged and still drying their wings, thus confirming breeding areas. The pale, almost silvery undersides of filigrammaria were particularly conspicuous in torchlight against the dark heather, with autumnata only slightly less obvious on grasses under birches. Again, moths were seldom disturbed into flight when found at night in this way and could be closely examined or caught if necessary. A Robinson mercury vapour light trap with a 125 watt bulb was run regularly (weather permitting) at my home address on the lower part of the site, at 160m asl. This, together with lighted windows, provided numerous records of autumnata but few of filigrammaria, being about half a kilometre from the latter’s favoured habitat of open heather moorland. There was just one sighting of filigrammaria at sugar and very few of autumnata. autumnata 50 - 40 - 30 20 - 10 filigrammaria AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER Figure 1. Sightings by five-day periods of Epirrata filigrammaria and E. autumnata at Ordiquhill, Banffshire, 1990-2007. Flight periods Despite combining data from both early and late years, there was a clear separation between the flight period of the heather moorland moths and those associated with copses, as shown in Figure 1 . In most individual years the gap was at least ten days, with the first November Moths E. dilutata intervening between the two in late SMALL AUTUMNAL AND AUTUMNAL IN SCOTLAND 3 September. (Fortunately, Pale November Moth E. christyi was absent, making identification simpler.) The earliest date for presumed filigrammaria was 18 August (in both 2000 and 2001) and the latest was a worn male amongst heather on 29 September 2007. The earliest presumed autumnata were found newly emerged under birches at the lowest part of the site on 3 October (in both 2002 and 2004), with the latest on 11 November 2005. Thus despite the northerly location, the flight period of autumnata was considerably later than the “September and October” given in both South (1908) and Skinner (1984), perhaps reflecting (and also perpetuating) the confusion that still surrounds the species in this group. However, Waring & Townsend (2003) give the flight period accurately. Identification of adults Flight period combined with habitat preference proved the only feasible way to separate adults. Although physical differences were discernible when comparing a long series of each, there was much overlap. Size was particularly unreliable. In both taxa, females tend to have shorter wings than males, adding a further complication. On averag e, filigrammaria was indeed smaller, as its vernacular name implies. Almost all were within the wingspan range of 30-3 8mm (calculated by doubling the measurement from the centre of the thorax to the apex of the forewing) given in Skinner (1984). However, autumnata was far more variable in size than Skinner’s range of 40-44mm suggests. Females rarely exceeded 38mm wingspan, and individuals down to 32mm were not unusual. Certainly the largest individuals of 40mm wingspan or more were always autumnata , but size was not diagnostic below this figure. Nor did colour and markings provide much help. In both taxa, the inner edge of the postmedian fascia is sharply angled around the discal spot, as illustrated for autumnata in Skou (1984). Normally this feature was easily seen, as melanic forms were absent. Otherwise, the strength and sharpness of the dark markings and their degree of contrast with the paler ground colour was very variable, and the same range of forms could be found in each. However, on average filigrammaria tended to be duller than autumnata. Partly this seemed due to texture rather than colour, with autumnata appearing more smooth and glossy (sometimes almost metallic) than the relatively matt filigrammaria, even when tones and markings were similar. However, this difference was slight and difficult to quantify. Distribution within the site Apart from occasional records at light and one at sugar (all males, perhaps wind-blown strays), only one filigrammaria was found below the 200m contour line during the 18 years of observations. Whether altitude or habitat was the main determining factor at the site is unclear. Certainly the large, unbroken areas of heather began at around 200m, but sizeable patches of seemingly identical habitat occurred from 160m upwards. These supported other heather-loving species such as Heath Rustic Xestia agathina and Beautiful Yellow Underwing Anarta myrtilli , but apparently not filigrammaria. The main habitat occupied by filigrammaria was a north-facing slope where mature heather Calluna vulgaris comprised about 90% of the vegetation cover. Bell 4 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 254.2008 heather Erica cinerea and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillis were also present, together with a sparse growth of grasses and sedges. During the study period, the site was sometimes used as rough grazing for cattle in autumn and winter, but stocking density was low. No burning or other management took place. Torchlight observations suggested that filigrammaria particularly favoured areas where heather grew in clumps of uneven height, ranging from about 0.2 to 0.6 metres tall, as opposed to a more uniform sward. Perhaps the clumps provided some shelter from the almost constant breeze, either for the early stages or for calling and ovipositing females. Sighting were also more frequent near occasional bushes of gorse Ulex europaeus, which likewise formed windbreaks. In contrast, autumnata was found mainly on the lower ground and was associated with trees, including small copses between pasture or arable fields as well as those on the uncultivated hillside. Moths found by torchlight were on or near birches and, less frequently, alder - the usual foodplants given in the literature (e.g. Skinner, 1984). Such trees were almost absent above the 200m contour, doubtless explaining the apparent altitude limit. However, there was a narrow zone of overlap with filigrammaria where scattered birches grew amongst old heather on one part of the site. Captive rearing Although the flight periods of the two taxa were well-separated in the wild, environmental factors might have been responsible. Would the difference be maintained if both were reared side by side, on the same food plant and under identical conditions? In an attempt to answer this question, captive rearing was undertaken in 2002. This also gave the opportunity to compare larval coloration and markings. Eggs Eggs were obtained from two female filigrammaria found on fence posts at the site on 22 and 24 August 2001. They were laid singly or occasionally in groups of two or three on the stems and twigs of Heather. When newly laid the eggs were cream and conspicuous, but after a few days they became reddish-brown and much harder to see. They overwintered in this state. Eggs were also obtained from a female autumnata found freshly emerged under birch at the site on 28 October 2001 and subsequently mated. They were laid singly or in small clusters on the lichened twigs of birch. When newly laid, the eggs were pale greenish-blue, thus differing from those of filigrammaria. After ten days to a fortnight they likewise changed to reddish-brown and were no longer distinguishable. They overwintered in this state. Both sets of eggs were kept in separate containers placed side by side in an unheated outbuilding over the winter, giving some protection from predators and frost but otherwise exposing them to outside temperatures and humidity. As spring approached they were checked daily. The eggs of filigrammaria hatched from 11-25 March 2002, while the eggs of autumnata hatched from 3-13 April 2002. It seems strange that the eggs of the more upland species were the earlier to hatch. A possible explanation is that its main foodplant, heather, is evergreen and would be available at any date, whereas the deciduous trees preferred by autumnata are not in leaf until later. SMALL AUTUMNAL AND AUTUMNAL IN SCOTLAND 5 Larvae In many Lepidoptera, including Geometridae such as Scalloped Hazel Odontopera bidentata , larval coloration is affected by the surrounding vegetation during the early larval instars, as an aid to crypsis. (Majerus, 2002). Thus the well-known differences between larvae of filigrammaria and autumnata (Porter, 1997) could be triggered in this way, heather being a much darker green than the young leaves of deciduous trees such as birch. In an attempt to rule out any such effect, I reared a dozen larvae of each species on an identical foodplant directly from hatching. Because filigrammaria eggs hatched so early in the spring, only the young leaves of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna were available. Surprising, the newly hatched larvae thrived on this unfamiliar diet, suffering fewer losses than those offered heather. Larvae of autumnata also accepted hawthorn readily. Both species were reared in similar containers under natural light and outside temperature conditions. The filigrammaria larvae retained their three weeks’ advantage over autumnata throughout their development, reaching full growth from early May (it being an exceptionally warm spring). Other larvae of both species were reared on their more usual foodplants. Heather, bell heather, bilberry and eared sallow Salix aurita were all accepted by filigrammaria , while autumnata was given birch. (With hindsight, the opportunity to try it on heathers was missed.) No correlation was found between diet and larval coloration. Larvae of filigrammaria were identical whether reared throughout on hawthorn or on heathers, bilberry and sallow, maintaining their distinctive coloration and pattern. Larvae of autumnata were identical whether reared on hawthorn or birch. First instar larvae of both filigrammaria and autumnata were very similar, being dark olive-green with black head and prolegs. However, differences were already apparent by the second instar. Larvae of filigrammaria remained dark olive-green and already showed signs of a yellow sub-dorsal line and paler spots; the head was dark grey-green. Larvae of autumnata were now paler, being yellowish-green with lighter longitudinal striations, the sub-dorsal line being no more prominent than the rest; the head was yellow. In subsequent instars, these differences increased. Larvae of filigrammaria varied from mid-green to a dark, almost blackish-green, though with an almost white ventral surface. The unbroken, bright yellow sub-dorsal line was always their most striking feature, together with the yellow pinnacula; the yellow spiracular line was often weak or broken centrally, being strongest on the thoracic and rear abdominal segments. The head was mid-green, flushed with brown on the darkest individuals. Larvae of autumnata ranged from light grass-green to mid-green, sometimes as dark as the palest filigrammaria but never with the latter’s prominent sub-dorsal line. Instead, the paler longitudinal striations were of even width and strength, making the white or yellowish spiracular line the main feature. The white or yellowish pinnacula were small and inconspicuous. The head was yellowish-green to green, never with a brownish flush. Emergence Pupae were left undisturbed in their cocoons, spun in peat and moss. Both containers were placed side by side in an unheated outbuilding under identical conditions, and checked daily from mid-August onwards. The first filigrammaria emerged on 6 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25J.20Q8 27 August 2002 (by which time wild moths were already out) and the last on 27 September 2002, a rather protracted emergence period. The first autumnata emerged on 25 September and the last on 5 November 2002, giving an even wider spread. Thus the timing of the emergence of the reared moths was similar to that observed in the wild, although the separation of the flight periods was not quite so clear-cut. In particular, the first autumnata emerged eight days earlier than any wild sightings, giving an overlap with filigrammaria of three days. Nevertheless, the findings show that the much earlier flight period of filigrammaria is not simply due to environmental factors such as altitude and temperature. Conclusions At the study site, filigrammaria and autumnata undoubtedly behaved as two distinct species. They showed major differences in flight period, foodplant and habitat, despite some overlap in distribution on the site. Whether such a clear separation is maintained throughout their ranges in Britain, and whether filigrammaria is indeed absent from continental Europe, are matters that should be investigated. DNA analysis is another obvious line of enquiry. Acknowledgements I thank my neighbours, Ron and Sheilah Runcie and the Addisons, for allowing me access to their land at all hours of the day and night. References Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J., 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe. Apollo Books. Majerus, M. E. M., 2002. The New Naturalist Moths. HarperCollins. Porter, J., 1997. The colour identification guide to Caterpillars of the British Isles. Viking. Skinner, B., 1984. The colour identification guide to Moths of the British Isles. Viking. Skou, R, 1984. Nordens Malere. Apollo Books. South, R., 1907. Moths of the British Isles. Wame. Waring, P. & Townsend, M., 2003. Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing. Partial second brood of Lomaspilis marginata (L.) Clouded Border (Lep.: Geometridae) in Dorset (VC9) Taken at 125W MV light on the night of 12.x. 2007 at Butterfly Conservation’s East Lulworth headquarters, was a single Lomaspilis marginata Clouded Border. In contrast, my first record this year of L. marginata in my garden trap about 400 metres away was 29.iv.2007. Normally single-brooded flying June and July (mid May onwards in the south), L. marginata is recorded having an occasional partial second brood. Peter Davey, the Dorset vice-county macro-moth recorder, informs me there is no record of a partial second brood of L. marginata in Dorset. - Leslie J. Hill, Butterfly Conservation, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset BH20 5QP. NOTES 7 Orthosia incerta (Hufn.) (Lep.: Noctuidae): Comments on its variation in Kent and the Highlands of Scotland and two new aberrations named In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, continental authorities began the process of describing and naming the numerous infra -specific forms of this species, continued at the end of the century by Tutt and occasionally by others subsequently, bringing the total to over twenty. Variation in British moths, but not the butterflies, has been a neglected aspect of interest and study for over one hundred years. The only published work relating to the subject is The British Noctuae and their Varieties by Tutt in the 1 890s, now long out of print and incomplete, leaving as the only other source of information the British (Natural History) Museum and the unpublished ‘Goodson and Reid’ for internal use at the Museum. Variation is an aspect dealt with by Chalmers-Hunt in his Butterflies and Moths of Kent ( Suppl. Ent. Rec., 1960-1981), but for O. incerta he makes only scanty reference, and that for the 19th century. In the second half of the 20th century blackish forms have been predominant in north-west Kent and rather less so in more rural East Kent; the relative incidence of these dark forms has declined, but only slightly from over 80% to about 75%. The species is now much less common. Until recently, numbers seen at mv light or at sallow blossom have been prolific and only estimates of the numbers of individuals of the various forms have been made; with many forms identification is not possible by quick cursory examination. Of this species a number of generalizations may be made. It is remarkably variable, especially regarding basic coloration, and what Tutt refers to as the central shade on the forewing is a constant character, although obscured in very dark specimens. Pale hind wings are a rarity. In south-east England, blackish forms tend to be predominant; in Scotland reddish forms are common. There is evidence of industrial melanism, but it appears to have been little studied, a remark which also applies to geographic variation. In view of the paucity of information and lack of named illustrations in modern textbooks on British moths, I have added a brief description for each form mentioned. I have only used the term aberration for the occasional rarity which is not a regular component of a local mixed population. Listed below are the forms found in north-west Kent comprising those noted at my garden mv light at Dartford and those seen on the North Downs at Eynsford, varieties seen in the woodlands in East Kent and those encountered, mainly at sallow blossom, in the Highlands of Scotland. At Dartford several dark, unicolorous forms have predominated. f.fuscatus Haw. Glossy, deep black and f. atra Tutt. also black, but with a matt appearance. These two appear to be the forms most likely to be industrial melanics, but decline in melanism at Dartford remains slight. Collins (1997, Larger Moths of Surrey, 209), comments that mottled forms are commonest on the heaths and intensely black specimens are regular in south London. I have found that intense black forms are 8 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.L2008 less observed in rural East Kent than at Dartford. These comments suggest industrial melanism in the London area. f. melaleuca Lenz is also black, but the forewings have a conspicuous pale subterminal line and a slightly less well defined pale outline of the stigmata. Of regular occurrence at Dartford, it is very much less common than several other forms. The hindwings are grey gradually darkening to become a darker border, similar to those of the two previous forms-listed. f. angustus Haw. is unicolorous and of the deepest reddish-black. It is almost impossible to detect any trace of the dark central shade eve on thirty year old cabinet specimens. The hindwings may be uniformly dark or whitish with a dark grey border. It is not uncommon in north-west Kent and I have specimens from Dartford and Eynsford. f. instabilis Hb. Very dark reddish, almost unicolorous but the dark central shade is Just visible and the pale subterminal line and outline of the stigmata are also present, but only faintly. This is one of the three commonest forms at Aviemore and Grantown-on-Spey. The hindwings are almost uniformly dark grey, sometimes increasing in depth of colour towards the termen. f. contacta Esp. This is a dull, reddish variety with a pale subterminal line and outline of the stigmata. The dark central band is present and seen mainly as a dark square between the stigmata. The hindwings are grey, the shade deepening towards the termen. Evidently fairly widespread, but I have only three specimens, taken at Eynsford 16.iii. 1961, Dartford 13.iv.1975 and Aviemore 10.iv.1971. f. subsetaceus Haw. is slatey-grey with median band distinct, the pale subterminal line appears edged with blackish. My specimens are from both Dartford and Orlestone Forest in East Kent. f. nebulosus Haw, is described in Tutt {op. cit .) as being dark, slatey grey with reddish tinge, also as lilac grey; the thorax reddish, the central band present, and the subterminal line having three ferruginous spots along its length, this feature being emphasized. My series of six from Aviemore are reddish-brown, including the thorax, the dark median band is fairly distinct but the subterminal line varies, although always conspicuous are the three spots, which, in places, may be joined by a dark line. f. trigutta Esp. is pale grey with a slight reddish tinge; there is a distinct central shade and black apical patch, hindwings greyish. My specimens could be described thus, but the pale subterminal line is usually distinct. I have a series of eight, five of which are from Aviemore, two from Dartford and one from Eynsford. f. coerulescens Tutt. This well marked bluish-grey form is not uncommon in north¬ west Kent, and probably elsewhere in the county, although I have specimens only from Dartford. NOTES 9 Tutt, in describing the various forms of polymorphic species usually listed some localities where each form had been taken - the beginnings of a study of geographical variation which failed to progress throughout the 20th century and today. Chalmers-Hunt {op. cit .) included geographical variation, but only sporadically, and tended to quote records from the national (RCK) collection appertaining to the 19th century, but few from the late 20th century, and this applied to O. incerta. The records I have given indicate to what extent the various forms of this species may be found in north-west Kent and to a limited degree some that occur in the Highlands of Scotland. The following are aberrations in the strict sense, all of comparatively rare occurrence. ab. fasciata Lenz has the central band on the forewing much more heavily marked than usual. It is probably scarce throughout the species’ range being represented by only a few specimens in the RCH collection. I have two: Aviemore, 1 0.iv. 1 97 1 and Hartford, 30. iv. 1986. Both are fairly pale grey with a black median band. ab. pluriguttata Cockayne. The forewings are pale grey heavily sprinkled with dark striae; I have one taken at Hartford, 10. iv. 1972. ab. ocularis West is unicolorous dark brown with distinct pale subterminal line and pale outline of stigmata of forewings (illustrated in Ent. Rec. 108:107). I have a specimen from Hartford, 23 iv.1975. Since my O. incerta were identified in the 1970s I have had a small number of specimens I have been unable to categorize and in a recent check with the RCK collection have found it included identical specimens also left unnamed. One of these is now described and named, along with another hitherto un-described aberration: f. ochracea ab. nov. Thorax, body and forewings ochreous. Forewings with a dark brown median fascia, wide on the costa, narrowing and sometimes slightly broken towards dorsum. Subterminal line inconspicuous, a shade lighter than ground colour, on which are two brown spots. Hindwings grey with slight indication of a darker submarginal shade. Type: 6 , Grantown-on-Spey, lO.iv. 197 1 B.K. West. B.K. West Collection. Paratype: S , Grantown-on-Spey, 12. iv.1971 B.K. West. Both in B. K. West collection). ab. lineata ab. nov. Thorax and forewings greyish-brown with darker markings, these being very distinct and comprising an antemedian line, a blackish median fascia which widens towards the costa to enclose the reniform stigma containing a black discal spot, a crenellated postmedian line and a dark inner margin to the pale, almost imperceptible subterminal line. Thus the forewings have a distinct striped appearance. Hindwings are fairly dark grey. Type: 6 , Aviemore, 6.iv.l969, B. K. West (in B.K. West collection). I am very grateful to Havid Carter and more recently Martin Honey for their granting me permission to study the National (RCK) Collection. — B. K. West, 36 Briar Road, Hartford, Kent HAS 2HN. 10 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.L2008 Early record of the Cypress Carpet Thera cupressata Geyer (Lep.: Geometridae) in Dorset (VC9) The Rothamsted Insect Survey light trap at Corfe Castle (site 595: SY 984814) caught an individual of T cupressata on the night of 07/08 May 2007. Normally on the wing in two broods, the first from late June into July and then again in October and November, this specimen had appeared very early. April 2007 was the warmest on record and it may therefore be indicative of the season that this moth was flying so early. Equally possible is that it was a migrant, as two Silver Y moths Autographa gamma L. and a Rusty Dot Pearl Udea ferrugalis Hub, both migratory species, were recorded at about the same time. T. cupressata is a recent coloniser of mainland Britain, having first been recorded in West Sussex in 1984. It is now well established there and has also spread to form good colonies on the Isle of Wight and in Hampshire and Dorset. The larvae feed on Monterey Cypress ( Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw.), the second brood overwintering as small larvae. Many thanks to David Gould for keeping the Corfe Castle light trap running so well. — Philip J. L. Gould, Co-ordinator of the Rothamsted Insect Survey Light- trap Network, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ. (E-mail: phil.gould@bbsrc.ac.uk). Syncopacma albifrontella (Heinemann, 1870) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) in France - a further note Although our article ( Ent.Rec . 119: 56-58) stated that a male Syncopacama albifrontella taken at light at Gradde on 2 September 2006 was the first published French record, we have since discovered that this is not correct. We had noted that it was not listed in Leraut’s first French checklist (1980) but did appear in the second edition (1997: 125), although under Stomopteryx albifrontella. We had said that a search of the literature had failed to find any published records, but in fact there are at least three prior published records. The first was by Leraut in 1985 ( Entomologica gallica 1 (4): 281-285) of two specimens he had found at one locality in 1982. Courtois (1991, Entomologica gallica 2 (3): 128) recorded the species from four sites in three departments in 1990. These records, as well as an unpublished one from another French locality, are set out at page 317 of Leraut’s 1997 Checklist and are referred to by a numbered note to the genus Stomopteryx at page 124, which was overlooked when we prepared our original article. We would like to thank Bob Heckford for bringing to our attention these records, to which he referred when he added the species to the British list (2002, Entomologist’s Gazette 53: 205-211). — Michael & Brenda Marney, Gradde, 81140 Campagnac, France (E-mail: mamey.michael@orange.fr) NOTES 11 Peripsocus consobrinus Pearman, 1951 (Psoc.: Peripsocidae) in Scotland The identification characters of Peripsocus consobrinus were based on the single female holotype collected by I. V. Pearman at Brockley Combe, Somerset in 1930. The main features are: L Forewings with darker marks within cells, particularly the apical cells (Fig. 1). 2. The apical lobe of the subgenital plate short and truncated. The pigmented arms that normally form a distinct V shape in Peripsocus species are reduced to wedge shaped remnants (Fig. 2). The variability of these characters has remained unknown for many years since no further specimens of the species were found. The species accounts in New (1974. Handbooks for the identification of British Insects 1 (7): 1-102) give the impression that P consobrinus is the only Peripsocus species having the distinctively marked forewings. Consequently, when the author found a female Peripsocus specimen with a very similar wing pattern at Coalbrookdale, Shropshire on 3.viii.2004 it was initially considered as a potential second specimen. However, the features of the subgenital plate were clearly that of P. didymus and the identification as this latter species was confirmed by Charles Lienhard (Geneva Natural History Museum). He also mentioned that Roesler (1939. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Copeognathenfauna Deutschlands. Zoologischer Anzeiger 125(7/8): 157-176) had observed this aberrant wing pattern and it was noted in the original description of P. didymus : ‘... bisweilen in den Aussenzellen des Vorderfliigels zwischen der Radialgabel und den Aesten der Media schwarzliche Keilflecke.’ On 23.viii.2007, I collected several Peripsocus specimens from a Sitka Spruce plantation near Auchindrain, Argyll, Scotland (O.S. grid reference NN 033035). These were mainly of P. didymus and P. subfasciatus, but one female specimen had a subgenital plate that closely matched that of P consobrinus (Fig. 3). The forewings of this specimen, however, were unmarked. During a second visit to the location on 2.ix.2007, a second female specimen with a similar subgenital plate was found and again the forewings were unmarked. This individual differed slightly from the first since the wedge-shaped pigmented area was twice as long on one side than the other (Fig. 4). It was noticeable that a significant number (seven) of the twenty-two female P didymus specimens collected during the two visits had dark-marked wings (e.g., Fig. 5). There are two potential interpretations of these findings. Either the dark-marked forewing pattern is, on its own, insufficient to distinguish P. consobrinus, but the characteristics of the subgenital plate are. If this interpretation is correct then the two Auchindrain specimens are of P. consobrinus. Alternatively, the close similarity between the dark-marked forewings of the Brockley Combe P. consobrinus specimen and some individuals of P didymus is not a coincidence, but is due to tP. consobrinus' being a form of P. didymus with an aberrant subgenital plate. If this interpretation is correct then the two specimens are of P. didymus. 12 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.L2008 Figure 3. P. consohrinus subgenital plate. Figure 4. P. consobrinus subgenital plate. Figure 5. P. didymus with dark wing marks. Figure 6. P. didymus subgenital plate. NOTES 13 Both specimens were sent to C. Lienhard who considered that the first interpretation was the correct one. He commented that in all the material of P. didymus from Europe that he has seen the variability of the pigmentation of the subgenital plate is very low. Although apparently somewhat irregular the much reduced pigmentation as shown by the two Auchindrain specimens appears to be typical of P. consobrinus. The truncated apical lobe of the subgenital plates of the Auchindrain specimens is also very similar to that of the original Brockley Combe specimen and significantly different from that of P. didymus (Fig. 6). The details of the location where the Auchindrain specimens were caught may help other recorders to find further examples of P. consobrinus . The collecting spot was chosen mainly because there was a space to park which was off the main road (the A83 five miles west of Inveraray) and close to the edge of a plantation. This parking area coincided with a small overgrown and shaded ride into the plantation which in this area consisted solely of Sitka Spruce. The trees along the edge of the plantation were generally healthy and well grown and few psocid specimens were found by beating the branches. On the other hand the trees at the start of the ride had more straggly branches with fewer needles and these were far more productive. Common species were Peripsocus didymus, P. subfasciatus, Philotarsus parviceps and P. picicornis ; uncommon/scarce species were Enderleinella obsoleta , Valenzuela burmeisteri, Amphigerontia bifasciata, Metylophorus nebulosus and Peripsocus consobrinus. I would like to thank Charles Lienhard (Geneva Natural History Museum) for his advice on the identification of the various specimens and permission to use illustrations. 1 am also grateful for the help of Richard Lyszkowski and Keith Bland (Entomology Department, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh) in preparing photographs and interpreting the findings. Figures of the holotype Peripsocus consobrinus female according to Lienhard (1998. Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France 83, 1-517). Photographs taken by the author. — R. (Bob) E. Saville, 20 Downfield Place, Edinburgh EH11 2EL (Email: bob@lothianwildlife.co.uk). SUBSCRIBER NOTE Information requested on Gatekeeper Butterfly I am researching the interesting European distribution of the extra-spotted form of the Gatekeeper Butterfly Pyronia tithonus L. ab. excessa Tutt. This aberration shows additional spotting below the forewing apical spot on both surfaces and sometimes on the upper surface of the hind wings also. I have some important gaps to fill and would be very pleased to hear from anyone who has experience of the species in Sardinia, Switzerland, North western France and Southern Ireland. — Rupert Barrington, 18 Codrington Road, Bishopston, Bristol BS7 8ET (E-mail: mpert_barrington@hotmail.com). 14 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 254.2008 Polemonium caeruleum: A new host plant for Liriomyza strigata (Mg. ) (Dip.: Agromyzidae) On 5 August 2007 I noticed a dipterous mine on a white flowered variety of Jacob’s Ladder Polemonium caeruleum in my garden in Fleet, Hampshire. The nature of the mine, with the main gallery following the midrib and side branches coming off this, lead me to suspect that the miner was Liriomyza strigata (Meigen, 1 830), but Polemonium was not listed on the host plant list provided by Plant and Pitkin on the leafmine website (www.leafmines.co.uk). Examination of ‘The leaf and stem mines of British flies’ at www.ukflymines.co.uk, also revealed that no miners were recorded in the UK on this plant, but that the polyphagous miners L. bryoniae, L. huidobrensis and L. strigata were recorded elsewhere. The mine was examined in further detail and confirmation was given by Brian Pitkin both that this was Liriomyza strigata and that Polemonium was a new addition to the British Host Plant list. Thanks to Brian for his help in the identification of this miner and also for supplying further information on the miners of the plant. — Rob Edmunds, 32 Woodcote Green, Calthorpe Park, Fleet, Hants, GU51 4EY (E-mail: r.edmunds@ntlworld.com). Cinnabar Tyria jacobaeae (L.) (Lep.: Arctiidae): Late records in Staffordshire, 2007 The Cinnabar Tyria jacobaea is now common in many places where it was once scarce in Staffordshire, with adults on the wing in June and July. This recent increase may be due to the ‘explosion’ of the foodplant (ragwort) in recent years. During the wet summer of 2007, adults were seen in June and July as usual, but in smaller numbers. On 15 September, Les Lockett and Derek Heath observed a fine specimen on the wing in bright sunshine on a post-industrial site adjacent to a factory in Normacot, Longton, Stoke-on-Trent. Later, two schoolboys showed me a worn adult taken on the outskirts of Park Hall Country Park, Stoke-on-Trent on 10 October 2007. No doubt the wet weather of 2007 delayed the emergence of these moths. — Jan Koryszko, 3 Dudley Place, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST3 7 AY. Editorial Comment: It is interesting to receive observations from one’s natal area. Here in my adopted Hertfordshire, there are 422 dated records of adult jacobaeae in the database. The species flies from early May to late July, peaking in early to mid- June and with five records in the first ten days of August, all during 1993. We have two September records: my own from Bayfordbury, 3 September 2005 and Watford, 14 September 2003 (Colin Everett). The October record from Staffordshire is exceptional. In Hertfordshire, we have recorded larvae feeding on Oxford Ragwort, Common Ragwort, Groundsel and Coltsfoot. NOTES 15 Old Lady moths Mormo maura (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae): Record numbers in light-traps at Peterborough The Old Lady moth Mormo maura has a reputation for being a reluctant and only occasional visitor to light-traps, especially in comparison to the readiness and numbers in which it comes to baits like sugar and wine-ropes, to which I have sometimes attracted six in an evening. Normally I am fortunate if I capture one or two Old Lady moths in a season in the standard Robinson trap (with 125W MB/U bulb) I operate regularly in my garden in Peterborough, where I have been light¬ trapping since 1991. I have also trapped the Old Lady occasionally in my garden when using a Heath trap. Twice I have had two in the trap on the same night but this was so unusual in my experience that I reported it (see Waring, 2006. Testing the new “Moonlander” design of light-trap. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 65: 120-123). The first time was in a “Moonlander” trap with the entrance at the base, on the night of 21 August 2005, which was a cloudy, mild, wet night. The trap was operated at the top end of my garden, on a lawn with flower borders and various exotic ornamental shrubs. Because catching two Old Lady moths in one trap was so unusual, I wondered if this result might be a function of this then newly launched design of trap. However, only a few nights later, on 30 August 2005, I had two Old Lady moths in a Robinson trap by the pond in the centre of my garden. This night was very warm, dry, calm and clear, with a dusk temperature of 22°C and a minimum for the night of 15°C. But here I report that in 2007 I captured the Old Lady moth in my garden on seven out of eight trapping sessions, from the first individual on 28 August to the last on 12 September, and on 4 September I had four individuals in one standard Heath trap (with 6W actinic black-light tube). I have never had four Old Lady moths in one night in any sort of light-trap anywhere since I began light-trapping in 1975 ago, and I have trapped all over Great Britain and in every type of habitat. For the record, the trapping sessions in the garden, from the appearance of the first Old Lady, until just after the last, are tabulated below, with comments on the weather on the night. Prior to 28 August, my family and I had been on a family holiday in Turkey for a week (20 - 28 August). Had we not, the total catch of Old Lady moths for 2007 might have been higher still. The last trapping session before 28 August was on 17 August when a Robinson trap was operated by our pond, but no Old Lady moths had been seen up to that point in the year. Trapping continued on 13, 15, 16, 20 and 22 September and onwards, with no more Old Lady moths being seen after 12 September. Table 1 shows that on some nights during the flight season of the Old Lady I operated a Robinson trap alone. This was always placed by our pond, which is surrounded by tall emergent vegetation such as Bulrushes Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia , Hemp Agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum and Meadow-sweet Filipendula ulmaria, with a mixed hedge behind it of many species including Common Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, Blackthorn Prunus spinosa , willows Salix spp., Field Maple Acer campestre and several others. On other nights I was running a series of tests to compare the performance of a Johnson Ranger trap with a 16 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 2512008 standard Heath trap. Both these traps were fitted with a 6-Watt actinic tube and operated simultaneously, with one at the top of the garden and the other at the base, alternating them on pairs of nights, with a night in between to allow the moths to fly undisturbed. The Old Lady catches marked t, c and b are from the top, centre and base of the garden respectively. The pond where the Robinson trap was operated on other nights is in the centre of the garden between the other two traps. The trap-site at the base of the garden is a small lawn with shrubby borders which include blackberries and some old apple trees. I wondered if fallen or fermenting fruit from these might be an attraction, especially as September was unusually dry, but I never saw any Old Lady moths during several inspections by torch-light. Such fruit is available here every year. The Table shows that the Old Lady moth was captured at both the top and base of the garden, as well as in the centre. Interestingly, no Old Lady moths were captured by the Johnson Ranger trap whether it was at the top or base of the garden even though it was operated on the same nights on which Old Lady moths were recorded in the Heath trap. Table 1: Catches of Old Lady moths at Peterborough in 2007 in three types of traps operated in the author’s garden. Date Aug 17 Aug 28 Aug 31 Sep 2 Sep 4 Sep 7 Sep 9 Sep 11 Sep 12 Sep 13 Sep 15 Sep 16 Totals Rob. trap 0c 1 c - - - - - - lc - - 0 c 2 Heath - - 1 b Ot 4b 1 t 1 b 1 1 - 0 0 - 7 Johnson - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 Total no. macro-moths in trap with Old Lady 92 78 59 (39) 86 45 75 31 123 36 (33) 106 Total no. species of macro-moths in trap with Old Lady 21 18 11 (11) 18 14 17 7 21 9 (8) 14 Dusk temp. - 14 14 15 15 16 14 10 14 15 15 15 Min. temp. - 8 11 9 11 9 13 8 10 12 8 9 Weather - CDC1 CDC1 CD Cl CDC1 CD N CD Cl CD N CD Cl CD Cl CD Cl CR Cl Key to weather: C = Calm, D = Dry, R = Rain fell. Cl = Cloudy, N = Not cloudy. Perhaps the mixed summer weather of 2007suited this species, because nothing else has changed in the garden, other than that the vegetation was somewhat more lush, especially around our pond and hedgerow, than it would normally have been at this time in most summers, because of the frequent rain. Shortly afterwards I presented these results and some photographs at a meeting of the Huntingdonshire Moth & Butterfly Group on 3 October 2007 to find out if any other members had also observed more Old Lady moths than usual, and I found that indeed they had. On 9 September 2007 Tony Lawrence captured four Old Lady moths in a light trap with a pink 80W MV bulb which he operates in his garden at Eaton Ford, St Neots, Beds.. Like me, this is the first time ever that he has had four NOTES 17 in one trap on the same night. Tony has operated his trap every night in the garden for years, seeing occasional singletons in most years, usually separated by several nights. Nick Greatorex-Davies trapped one Old Lady at his home in Hemingford Grey, in a 125W pink MB this season. He has been trapping there annually since 1997 and has only had one individual before, in an actinic trap. Another contact of Nick’s, Marc Botham, had told him of seeing a number of Old Lady moths on the wing in Cambridgeshire during September 2007. We conclude that it seems to have been a good year for the Old Lady in various parts of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, as well as in my garden in Peterborough, which is in modern Cambridgeshire but vice-county Northamptonshire. We wonder if Old Lady moths have had an unusually good season elsewhere in 2007. — Paul Waring, 1366 Lincoln Road, Werrington, Peterborough, PE4 6LS (E-mail: pauLwaring@btintemet.com). 18 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25x2008 Unusual flight time of the Autumnal Moth Epirrita autumnata (Borkh.) (Lep.: Geometridae) in south Devon (VC3) The Rothamsted Insect Survey light trap at Yarner Wood (site 589: SX 786789) caught a single female E. autumnata on the night of 03/04 January 2006. This species is widespread across the British Isles, inhabiting heathland and woodland. It usually flies in October and November, with the subsequent generation overwintering as eggs. The southerly location of this site suggests that conditions were milder here than in other parts of the country, allowing this moth to survive well past the end of its usual flight period. Nonetheless, this is an unusual and noteworthy record. Many thanks Bryan Thorne and Albert Knott of Natural England for their efficient operation of the light-trap at Yarner Wood. — Philip J. L. Gould, Co-ordinator of the Rothamsted Insect Survey Light-trap Network, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ. (E-mail: phil .gould@bbsrc.ac.uk). Green-veined White Pieris napi sabellicae Stephens ah. fumosa Thompson On 6 September 2007, while carrying out a weekly transect survey for Butterfly Conservation at Hawkshill Common, Walmer (O. S. grid reference TR 3749), I came across a butterfly that I had never seen before. At a distance, the colouration gave the impression of a subtle bluish tint, though this was not apparent close to. Both fore and hind wings were regular in outline, with no white on upper or under side of either wing, which were all uniformly dark grey. The only distinguishing features were: • the cell on the upper side of all four wings was a slightly lighter grey than the rest of the wing; • the tips of the forewings were slightly darkened; • there were prominent veins on the underside of the hind wings, reminiscent of a Green- veined White; • there was a prominent yellow-whit spot on the head. I could see no sign of a darker discal spot. Having consulted the Natural History Museum ‘Cockayne’ website and discussed my findings with Rupert Barrington, there is no doubt that this was ab. fumosa Thompson of Pieris napi. For the previous three days there had been an area of high pressure over south-east England and there had been a very large influx of ‘white’ butterflies as well as a few Clouded Yellows Colias croceus Geoff. The butterfly was seen for several minutes and at a distance as close as 1.5 metres using close-focusing binoculars. — Michael Sykes, Hazelwood, Hawksdown, Walmer, Deal, Kent CT14 7PH (E-mail: michaelh34@tiscali.co.uk). NOTES 19 Notable British barkfly (Psocoptera) observations in 2007 The year 2007 turned out to be an unusually poor year for barkflies possibly as a result of the prolonged periods of rain earlier in the year. Species recorded from deciduous tree branches were often restricted to Valenzuela flavidus and Ectopsocus species while finds on tree trunks tended to be the occasional Ectopsocus petersi. Conifers/evergreens however were largely unaffected and frequently had their usual suites of species. Despite the generally poor season several noteworthy sightings were made: Family Liposcelidae Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) Three female specimens of this species were found under the bark of a plane tree at the entrance to the Victoria & Albert Museum in London on 16.xi.2007 by RES (two of the specimens identified by Charles Lienhard). Liposcelis species have been rarely recorded out of doors in recent years but this is likely to be due to under-recording. Further searching of trees with laminated bark may well demonstrate that these tiny creatures are relatively widespread. Family Peripsocidae Peripsocus consobrinus Pearman Since its original discovery in 1930 this species has only been known from the holotype specimen found in Somerset. The finding of two specimens this year from a Sitka spruce plantation in Scotland has been reported elsewhere in this journal (Saville, antea 11-13). Family Trichopsocidae Trichopsocus clarus (Banks) Although there had only been two published observations from Britain previously, recording this year has shown that this species is actually much more widespread. RES recorded it at seven sites in Dorset and six sites in North Wales between 22.vii.2007 and 2.viii.2007. KNAA recorded it from single sites in West Cornwall, 2 1 . viii.2007 ; South Devon, 29.viii.2007; and East Gloucestershire, 24.x. 2007. Specimens were found on a range of trees and shrubs: yew, holly, elder, blackthorn, sallow, an evergreen oak and ivy. The species was also recorded by RES on a yew in a churchyard in Oban on 23.viii.2007. This is the first sighting in Scotland. Further observations were provided by David Jones who included on a website photographs of a Trichopsocus species found on hawthorn in his garden in Aldershot, Hampshire on 8-9.X.2007 (Fig. 1). Photographs taken of the dissected fore and hind wings of one specimen allowed the species to be identified as T. clarus. Michael Kirby also collected a specimen from an oak tree in his garden at Westleton, Suffolk on 4.xi.2007. There are several other likely observations from various parts of southern England but these are currently unconfirmed. Trichopsocus brincki Badonnel We previously reported that this species was rapidly spreading across England and Wales (Saville, RE, et al., Ent Rec 119: 113-115). An indication of the speed of this 20 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.L2008 spread was provided by the finding of the species in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland. Twenty-one specimens were found by RES on yew and Weymouth pine ( Pinus strobus ) on 16.ix.2007. Family Psocidae Atlantopsocus adustus (Hagen) We can now report that the discovery of this species new to Britain (Alexander, KNA, Ent Rec 119: 76) was just the tip of the iceberg, as continued surveying of coastal cliff sites in Cornwall during 2007 have found it now to be widespread there and in both vice counties. New sites are as follows: VC1 - Carn Galver, Zennor (SW4236), off sallow, 8.viii.2007; Trevean Cliff, Zennor (SW4136), off sallow, 10.viii.2007; Hudder Down, Camborne (SW5942), off gorse, 1 5 . viii .2007 ; North Cliffs, Camborne (SW6242), frequent on blackthorn scrub, 15.viii.2007; Chapel Coombe, St Agnes (SW7048), off bramble amongst blackthorn and hawthorn scrub, 21. viii. 2007; VC2 - Treluggan Cliff, Gerrans (SW8937), off blackthorn and sallow, 23. viii. 2007. Two males of A. adustus were caught by MO on 28. vi. 2007 on the South Downs about 1 km north of the A27 by-pass over Brighton, Sussex (TQ285089). They were found on hogweed flowers growing up through rank herbage and into the overhanging branch of a hawthorn bush. The identification of the specimens was confirmed by RES from wing and hypandrium photographs. This represents a significant extension to the known range of the species in England. I3fc Figure 1. Trichopsocus clarus (Banks). Aldershot, Hampshire, 2007. Photo: ©David Jones Blaste quadrimaculata (Latreille) A single male of this rare species was found at rest on a wooden panel fence in KNAA’s garden at Heavitree, Exeter (SX9492) in S. Devon, 23.ix.2007. Searching the rest of the fence and beating the various woody plants present revealed no further specimens. An earlier unpublished record by MO has recently come to light. A specimen was found on 4.ix.2003 on top of a 5 storey Victorian block of flats on a reasonably lichen covered skylight, in the middle of Hove, Sussex, near the sea front. KNAA’s fieldwork was commissioned by the National Trust Devon and Cornwall Region and by the People’s Trust for Endangered Species. Thanks go to David Jones for providing the photograph of Trichopsocus clarus. — R. (Bob) E. Saville, 20 Downfield Place, Edinburgh EH11 2EL (Email: bob@lothianwildlife.co.uk), Keith N. A. Alexander, 59 Sweetbrier Lane, Heavitree, Exeter EX1 3AQ (Email: keith.alexander@waitrose.com) and Marcus Oldfield, 33 Dene Vale, Brighton BN1 5ED (moldbug3@ntlworld.com) AULAGROMYZA LUTEOSCUTELLATA NEW TO BRITAIN 21 AULAGROMYZA LUTEOSCUTELLATA (DE MEIJERE, 1924), (DIP.: AGROMYZIDAE): NEW TO GREAT BRITAIN 1 Rob Edmunds and 2 Willem Ellis '32 Woodcote Green, Calthorpe Park, Fleet, Hants, GU51 4EY (E mail: r.edmunds@ntlworld.com) 2 Jisperveldstraat 591, 1024 BD Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E mail: wnellis@xs4all.nl) Abstract First records of Aulagwmyza luteoscutellata (de Meijere, 1924) in Great Britain are presented, based on leaf mines collected in Hampshire. The adults were raised from the mines to confirm the identity. Comparisons are drawn to other dipterous leaf miners of Lonicera. Records of Aulagwmyza luteoscutellata in England On 14.vi.2007 RE found some dark green vacated mines on a cultivated Honeysuckle C Lonicera etrusca) in his garden in Fleet, Hampshire. Careful searching revealed leaves with further developing mines of this cryptic miner. RE thought these were mines of Aulagwmyza luteoscutellata , a new miner to Britain and WE confirmed this identification. Similar mines had been seen by RE on 2.vii. 2005 on the same Honeysuckle plant, but no attempt was made at the time to breed them out to confirm the identity. The larvae vacated the mines on 15. vi. 2007 to pupate and adults emerged on 5 and 6.vii.2007. One of the flies emerging was a male and Dave Gibbs dissected it to confirm its identity using the keys in Spencer (1976). Identification of leaf mines Diptera mining Lonicera are easily divided into three species of Chromatomyia, that make their puparium inside the mine, and three Aulagwmyza species, in which the larvae leave their mine before pupation. In the field, the three Aulagwmyza species can be identified by a combination of frass pattern and calendar date. A. luteoscutellata has the frass in a broad green band with an indistinct pattern of a row of chevrons, while the other two have their frass in discrete granules. Of these latter two, A. cornigera [Griffiths] make their mines around the second half of April, while A. hendeliana [Hering] larvae occur in May-June. The difference in frass pattern makes fresh mines of luteoscutellata appear dark green, and fairly inconspicuous, while those of the other two ARE typically whiter. Old, washed- out mines are all white. The mines of A. luteoscutellata have become evident in June/July in Fleet, although in Europe the season is given as May to October. The early emergence of the adults from the vacated mines may indicate that this miner is at least bivoltine in the UK. Larva The larvae of the three Aulagwmyza species share the possession of a spiny area on their prostemum. Moreover, in all three the centre of the rear spiraculum is not flat, but raised and dome-shaped. In one of the three, A.cornigera, this dome is extended and 22 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.L2008 . « ° c where n is the number of specimens, p is the proportion showing the variable, q is 1-p, and k is a constant. It is generally accepted that ‘5% significance’ figures provide a satisfactory approach. If two sets of figures do not overlap, then there is a less than 5% chance of the difference being due to a random variable. For this check k=1.96 Because Longstone Edge and Coombs Dale are so relatively close to one another, only some 1.1km apart as the crow flies between the western end of Coombs Dale and the eastern end of Longstone Edge, they have been selected. The Longstone Edge 6mufl figures from SK 27 provide a range of 30x2/30±1.96V(30x2/30x28/30). BROWN ARGUS HYBRIDS 103 This equation becomes 2±1.96vl.87 or 2±2.69. Since it is not possible to have part of a specimen, this means that a similar colony should have a range of between 0 and 5 specimens in 30 with 6mufi, somewhat higher than the true figure. The Coombs Dale total figures are reduced from 123 to 30 to provide a comparison figure for 6mufl males of 42x30/123 = 10.24. This reduces to 10 specimens and is still twice the figure necessary to start an overlap. These figures cannot be explained by any random situation. Since the Longstone Edge figures have a slightly higher 6mufl content than any of the other sites, checks involving them will show greater differences. Also, since the differences show up well, the number of specimens necessary to provide a reasonable picture can be lowered. The 24 males at Monk’s Dale give a 5% significance range of 0 to 3 males with 6mufi compared with a Coombs Dale figure of 8. Butterfly Conservation Records One of the strengths of Butterfly Conservation is that many of its members send in records each year of butterfly sightings based on date, locality and numbers seen. The data are most useful in providing information on which species are doing well, and which are declining. They provide an indicator of the general health of our countryside and point to which species need special attention. It is also possible to use the records to check up on BA/BAH colonies. Yorkshire is big and is split into five vice counties, VC61-65. The Yorkshire Dales are mainly in VC64, and it is agreed that they are inhabited by NBA (now BAH). VC64 records supplied by Dr Terry Whitaker for 2000-2006 to the author as Brown Argus co-ordinator for Yorkshire were examined (these exclude any migrant BA) and totalled 361. The latest date recorded in this time-band was 21.8.02. Ken Orpe of BC Derbyshire supplied records from 1995-2007 for the Derbyshire 10km squares SKI 6, SK26 and SK27. Between them these squares contain two BA sites (Lathkill Dale and Coombs Dale) and also the four BAH sites mentioned in the above Table. Again no migrants have so far reached these sites. The latest date for BAH was 23.8.00 while the BA colonies had three September sightings each with dates between 12.9. and 17.9. In addition to this data Pete Stannard and the author looked for September butterflies at CBD in 2004-2006 but did not find any. In one of these years (2005) BA was recorded in September from both Coombs Dale and Lathkill Dale. The climate in the Peak District is only good enough to support a second brood in better summers. The Wider Lunulation Picture Table 2 deals with a comparison of Peak District colonies with other areas. Although for a variety of reasons there will be mufl variation in both BA and BAH colonies, the differences of 6mufl for BA >30% and BAH <10% hold, and indicate that some Peak colonies are BAH, similar to those already noted as NBA in the Millennium Atlas. 104 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Site RegionNumber c f upper forewing lunulations (mufl) o 5 6 Total (T) 6/T% Cooms Dale Peak District 10 8 14 32 44 Cunning Dale Peak District 17 16 14 47 30 Long Dale Peak District 8 9 18 35 51 Total of above Peak District 35 33 46 114 40 South of England 44 106 102 252 40 Grass Wood Yorkshire 18 2 1 18 5.6 Thrislington N.N.R & Bishop Middleham Quarry inland Durham 57 11 — 68 ■ — Castle Eden Durham coast 65 5 — 70 — Table 2. Comparison of the number of Brown Argus hybrid upper forewing lunules (mufl) in the Paek District with other regions of Britain. Genetic Analysis and Lunulation Two points are relevant to the hybrid zone involving lunulation and genetic analysis. 1 . Janet Cameron’s 1996 comment to the author re having found components of agestis and artaxerxes in a Durham colony via genetic analysis which led to the conclusion via lunulation that hybrids were present (Smyllie, 1998). This provides the link to the Table which includes Durham, Yorkshire Dales and Peak District sites. 2. Further information (from Ian Wynne’s unpublished genetic analysis at UCL in a joint project involving Profs Chris Thomas and Jim Mallet, 2002) indicates a hybrid zone between Durham and the Peak District. This broad agreement between genetic analysis and lunulation is important. Further scrutiny will involve a comparison of data from the individual sites selected by each approach, but even if this shows apparent discrepancies, it is likely that these will be ironed out (see below). The constitution of agestis If male lunulation is examined over the west Aricia zone, a reduction of 6mufl from south to north occurs. At Fuente Loco on Tenerife (Lat. 28°N), all 11 specimens had 6rnufh At Casa de Campo near Madrid (Lat. 40.5°N) this figure had dropped to 22 out of 36 or 61.1%. In south England (Lat. 51°N) the Table above shows a further reduction to 102 out of 252 or 40%. In the Peak District (Lat. 53.4°N) there is a clash with some colonies still at around 40% while others are down to 0%. By the time one has reached north Denmark (Lat.57.5°N), one colony has no 5 or 6mufl, while in north Norway (Lat. 69.5°N) there are virtually no upper forewing lunules on any males. So on the global scale colonies in the southern half of England are not particularly well lunulated and are very roughly half-way between the extremities in Latitude and in lunulation. The obvious inference is that there is a transition from south to north, and in Britain we are some distance from either extreme. BROWN ARGUS HYBRIDS 105 Lunulation checks during 1992 at Coombs Dale, Peak District, and during 2003 at Magdalen Hill Down, Butterfly Conservation’s reserve near Winchester showed similarities (Smyllie, 2004). The flight periods at both sites were eight weeks or longer and the male lunulation drifted down as the flight period progressed. At MHD an accumulation of 35 specimens was necessary to reach a point where the difference between earlier and later figures became large enough not to be due to random variation. The same trend occurred at CMD, with a greater drop showing later on at CMD. This indicates that there are components of artaxerxes/allous in these colonies, but at a much lower level than in the BAH Peak District colonies. It is likely that the Peak District colonies have a higher northern content than further south, but this higher content is within an agestis context and will be nowhere near that in the hybrid composition. If this difference were to become sufficiently important, it is suggested that the best cross-check would be via phenograms constructed from several years records for Peak District and southern sites. These would have a broad enough base to smooth out variations in individual seasons. Comparison of numbers through the flight period for different colonies would show if there was any difference between numbers flying earlier and later in the flight periods. In relating the present to the past there must, however, be grey areas re how many butterflies of either race actually reached any site at various points in the past, and what effect subsequent random spells of bad weather would have. These could vary over different parts of the country and could kill off a portion of any population which might modify the genetic bank of the survivors to an unknown extent. Phenograms There is another aspect which is worth noting. Phenograms for BA in Yorkshire (Frost, 2005) show that migrants reaching VC63 (south Yorkshire) have a pattern of separate broods each of 4-6 weeks when compared with the continuous emergence shown by the endemic Wolds race slightly further north. If not truncated by adverse weather the flight period of a BA brood is 8-10 weeks. As already mentioned above it is possible to show a meaningful reduction in lunulation through the flight period in agestis colonies. This indicates that there is a proportion of south and north origins in any colony which results in a variation in emergence. In the case of migrants we are seeing only a part of the colony migrating, that part which has more south and less north in it, thereby shortening both flight periods. Discussion This section attempts to look at reasons why the different races should co-exist so relatively near one another without hybridising. It has no specific conclusions at present and merely airs possibilities. Other suggestions would be welcomed. Both the Yorkshire Dales and Peak District are part of the Pennines and consist of Carboniferous limestone. They are 70km apart most of which is Millstone grit, not limestone. If conditions in the past have led to a migration south which has bridged 70km the maintenance of separate identities would not appear to be due to distance apart or lack of it. 106 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 At present both BA and BAH colonies appear to be quite stable and separate. So far there does not seem to be any very obvious reason. One possible approach can be based on the assumption that a northern species forced south in deteriorating weather would tend to keep to higher cooler habitats if their temperature range at the time was more amenable. Another is that for bivoltine BA a reasonable nectar source should be available into September. To this has to be added the observed fact that the present migrants are travelling in a preferred northerly direction and have passed through Lines, and Yorks, into Durham since 1992 without as yet having gone far enough westwards to reach either the Peak District or Yorkshire Dales sites. Bearing in mind that neither race seems to have migrated into the other’s territory, a combination of more than one factor may be involved. Incidentally, any species with a flight period of 8 weeks or more is likely to be similar in complexity to Aricia, even if there are no wing pattern differences to show the effect. More mobile species like the Small White come into this category and this aspect seems to be of little importance. It is important to try to understand why things are as they are because the extra knowledge gained will be useful in understanding better an Aricia race which is not common and may well have problems in a situation of global warming coupled with habitat fragmentation. Acknowledgements I am indebted to Martin Warren of Butterfly Conservation for permission to extract the data from its records re latest sightings, voltinism and phenograms. Also to Profs. Jim Mallet, and Chris Thomas who have provided information from Ian Wynne’s unpublished genetic analysis. Dr Terry Whitaker and Ken Orpe of BC Yorkshire and Derbyshire respectively kindly provided information via accumulated BC records. In 2006 when checks on vegetation flowering periods were taking place Dr David Howson of Yorks. BC provided a link with the Yorkshire Dales enabling butterfly and flower emergences to be compared with the Peak District. Several people who sent in small numbers of Peak District lunulation records are thanked, and I am particularly indebted to Darren Clarke who provided data for the west end of Longstone Edge and finally to Pete Stannard who provided a significant number of records from several dales. I am also indebted to Martin Smyllie who has constructed the map. References Aagaard, K., Hindar, K., Pullin, A.S., James, C.H., Hammarstedt, O., Balstad, T., and Hanssen, O., 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in brown argus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aricia ) from north-western Europe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75, 27-37. Frost, H.M., 2005 The Butterflies of Yorkshire. Butterfly Conservation Yorkshire, 125. Smyllie, W.J., 1998. Similarities between British and north-west European Aricia “sub-species” (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Nach. Entomol. Ver. Apollo, N.F. 19 (1): 69-88. — , 2004. Lunulation and genetic analysis in Aricia butterflies. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 116: 161-172. NOTES 107 Northern Arches Apamea zeta assimilis (Doubleday) (Lep: Noctuidae) discovered in Selkirkshire (Vice-county 79) One individual of Northern Arches was trapped at MV light at Kingside Loch SSSI, Selkirkshire (O.S. grid reference NT 344132) on 12 July 2007 and a further individual was trapped 300m from the first site (NT 341132) on 10 August 2007. On both occasions the moth arrived at the trap between midnight and 1 .00 am. Kingside Loch is situated within Craik Forest at an elevation of 350m and is surrounded by low hills. Home Hill (410m) is the only hill over 400m within 2km of the loch. The plantation forest in the immediate vicinity of the loch has been largely clear-felled. The loch is situated in a small permanent clearing containing fen and blanket bog. The majority of the blanket bog corresponds to the National Vegetation Type, Mire 19 Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire (Rodwell, 1991, British Plant Communities Volume 2, Mires and Heaths. Cambridge University Press). These are the first and second records for Selkirkshire and follow the 2004 reports of first records for Dumfriesshire by Meams, R. and Meams, B. (Ent. Rec. 116: 103) and for Roxburghshire by Waddell, J. (Ent. Rec. 116: 220-221). The Roxburghshire record was from Branxholme Wester Loch SSSI which is situated 8.4 kilometres south-east of Kingside Loch. The Selkirkshire records lend support to the view expressed by the above authors that the Northern Arches is likely to be more widely distributed in upland peatlands across the Southern Uplands than present records indicate. I would like to thank Jeff Waddell for confirming the identity of the two specimens and for discussing the content of this note. — Malcolm Lindsay, Burn House, Mossilee Rd., Galashiels, TD1 INF (E-mail: malcandles@tiscali.co.uk). Eight days in the Burren (2007) Over many decades, an array of articles has appeared in the various entomological periodicals dealing with many aspects of the Burren lepidoptera. These vary from specific studies of a particular species, to more wide-ranging coverage of all insects encountered. The majority of papers or notes have been written by visiting entomologists, usually from Britain, who have travelled to Ireland on short term visits, varying in duration from a couple of days but, on rarer occasions, for a more protracted term. Notwithstanding this, we have only encountered one work, undertaken on a more extended basis, written by H. C. Huggins (1954. The Burren in 1953. Ent. Rec. 66: 104-107), who stated ‘On the 8th July [1953], we set out for the Burren and arrived in the early evening, remaining there until 5th August, The weather was the vilest I have ever know in my extensive experience of Ireland. We had two days free from rain, and for the first fortnight there was a continuous gale, for nine days of which we did not cross the threshold of our hotel. However, by dashing out whenever the rain stopped (frequently returning wet to the skin), I managed to take a good number of species....’ 108 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Perplexed by this dearth of prolonged recording, it was decided in early 2007 that perhaps we would be best advised to make a more concentrated effort to record the Burren lepidoptera over the space of an entire season. A decision was reached that, insofar as possible, we would undertake a visit every fortnight, beginning at the start of May and continuing, hopefully, until the end of September, a possible total of some ten visits. The Burren area covers a large area of north Co. Clare and extends into some southern regions of Co. Galway. This expanse of limestone derives its name from the Irish, boireann, translated literally as “rocky place”. Over 75% of Ireland’s wild flower species are found in this region, which accounts for only 1% of the country’s landmass. But this almost lunar landscape, internationally renowned as a botanical paradise has, over the years, also yielded a number of entomological treasures. Most notable amongst these are the discovery, in 1949, of the Burren Green Calamia tridens occidentalis (Cockayne) and, much more recently, in 1991, the Irish Annulet Odontognophos dumetata (Treit.) ssp. hibernica (Forder). Our first joint excursion to the Burren was in June 1984 with a two-day trip, which included camping overnight near Newtown Castle, close to Ballyvaughan. Even though the years have gone by all too rapidly, we still recall fondly the beautiful weather enjoyed during a particularly successful initial venture. Throughout the intervening period, almost a quarter of a century, we have made numerous visits to this unique region but, sadly, never in a systematic manner. The undernoted is, then, a record of our attempts to embark on a co-ordinated series of excursions to give a more balanced overview of species’ occurrence, relative scarcity (where significant) and possible extension of distribution, pertinent to our previous experience. Entomology, not being an insular discipline is, in retrospect, fundamentally allied to other fields such as botany: there cannot be many lepidopterists that cannot identify the food plants of the larvae they collect and strive to rear. Therefore, we seek to justify our occasional diversions towards other aspects of our native flora and fauna on the basis of the interwoven format inherent in all natural history studies. Day 1 - Saturday 5 May 2007 We had never previously visited the Burren this early and, upon arrival at Clooncoose, we were pleased to note good numbers of Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne (L.). In view of the seeming backwardness of the year generally, we were especially surprised to observe this species in such numbers. In this district, it is usually encountered about the third week of May and, indeed, can be the most abundant butterfly at this time. The Wood White Leptidea sinapis juvernica (Williams) was also present in some numbers but the Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages baynesi (Huggins) was conspicuous by its virtual absence as was Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria tircis (Godart) and Green-veined White Pieris napi britannica (Muller & Kautz). The complete lack on any imagines of Orange Tip Anthocaris cardamines hibernica (Williams) was also quite striking in view of an abundance of the food plant and suitable habitats. One specific goal of this expedition was to locate and photograph the rare Irish Orchid Neotinea maculata at Black Head, to the south of Ballyvaughan and close to NOTES 109 Fanore. It was distressing to see a Pine Marten Martes martes corpse by the roadside on the way to Black Head, this having obviously been killed by a car. We stopped off at the Pinnacle Well, just outside Ballyvaughan, to examine the plants of Fairy Foxglove Erynnis aplinus , which grow on the walls of this unusual building. On the rocky outcrops hereabouts, large numbers of the plant were prominent, their pink flowers a vibrant contrast to the limestone. JWL succeeded in capturing a female Viviparous lizard Lacerta vivipara, which had been sunning itself in an open area. After examination, it was subsequently released unharmed. This was not the only lizard we were to encounter during the course of the season. Unfortunately, Neotinea maculata was not located, despite an intensive search, which was cut short with the advent of heavy rain about 5pm. Day 2 - Saturday 19 May 2007 The earlier part of our day was again spent at Clooncoose and insects were much more numerous than our previous visit. Our most noteworthy record has surely to be the sighting of two rather worn imagines of the Marsh Fritillary Eurodryas aurinia hibernica (Birchall), which we have not seen here for some fifteen years. This small meadow has the distinction of yielding up records of all four Irish Fritillaries. Also recorded were Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria tircis (Godart), Common Blue Polyommatus icarus mariscolore (Kane), Wood White Leptidea sinapis juvernica (Williams) and a solitary Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages baynesi (Huggins). A few early Chimney Sweeper Odezia atrata (L.) and one Speckled Yellow Pseudopanthera macularia (L.) were duly observed. An amount of time was put aside for beating low-growing Blackthorn Prunus spinosa bushes for larvae of Brown Hairstreak Thecla betulae (L.) and JWL took a number for rearing purposes. We did succeed in locating the Irish Orchid Neotinea maculata at Black Head, close to Fanore but these were sporadic and had, unfortunately, gone over to seed. This plant is astonishingly difficult to locate. The flowering season is incredibly short and it is, apparently, a great delicacy of Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus. In the botanical cauldron that is the Burren, Neotinea maculata occurs in tandem with Mountain Avens Dryas octopetala in this district and these two plants are not seen anywhere else in the world growing together. The Spring Gentian Gentiana verna is somewhat the signature plant of the Burren, and large swathes of the plant can be observed growing all along the coastal region hereabouts and, astonishingly, for an alpine plant, grows at sea level on the sand dunes at Fanore. Day 3 - Monday 4 June 2007 Once again, the weather was kind to us and a cloudless sky endured throughout the day, resulting from high pressure centred to the north of Ireland. The average temperature for Ireland over the Bank Holiday weekend was 19°C. In the natural limestone basin that is Carron Turlough, where we began our day, it felt much warmer and, indeed, uncomfortably hot at times, this despite a stiff breeze. Conditions were, for that reason, difficult for any type of collecting or recording, and there was a general paucity of insect activity. Notwithstanding this, we were delighted to note two specimens of Narrow-bordered Bee Hawkmoth Hemaris tityus 110 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 (L.), which we had not observed for many years and never previously at this location. Another pleasant surprise was a very worn singleton of the Marsh Fritillary Eurodryas aurinia hibernica (Birchall) and identification was possible despite its dilapidated condition. JWL beat two larvae of Brown Hairstreak from a minuscule stunted Blackthorn Prunus spinosa , right on the periphery of the lough. This species was not previously encountered here. Having moved to Clooncoose, we noted the season’s first Dark-green Fritillaries Argynnis aglaja (L.) were beginning to emerge and a few pristine specimens were taken. A few early Silver-washed Fritillaries Argynnis paphia (L.) were flying high amongst the Hazel Corylus avellana scrub, whisked along by a freshening breeze. Other species noted were Common Blue Polyommatus icarus mariscolore (Kane), Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria tircis (Godart), Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages baynesi (Huggins) which were scarce. We were delighted to note two further Marsh Fritillaries Eurodryas aurinia hibernica (Birchall) - one of each sex, both of which were somewhat ragged. There were also vast numbers of Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus (L.) and limited quantities of Speckled Yellow Pseudopanthera macularia (L.), Chimney Sweeper Odezia atrata (L.) and Cinnabar Tyria jacobaeae (L.). An unexpected dividend was the capture, by JWL, of a Wood Tiger Parasemia plantaginis plantaginis (L.), our first capture of this species since June 1984, when one was taken at Newtown Castle. Prior to this, we had found this moth to be particularly uncommon during our visits to the Burren but on this day, several were observed in flight but the strengthening breeze made approach virtually impossible. Anyone who is familiar with the topography of the Burren will be sufficiently astute to appreciate that hasty pursuit can be potentially hazardous, at best resulting in nasty cuts or bruises or, at worst, something altogether more grisly. A salutary lesson in caution may be made by mention of the fact that Mo’S made a dramatic effort to hurdle a gate, causing an injury, some months later diagnosed as a prolapsed disc that required surgery and necessitated three months off work! Huggins {op. cit .) observed To take advantage of the Burren a considerable amount of rather hazardous climbing is necessary so I seldom carried a waterproof and took my chance with the weather’. With the shadows beginning to lengthen, we took out the beating tray and were successful in obtaining a few final instar larvae of the Brown Hairstreak. Another bonus was finding a solitary Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera (Hudson) and a small number of Fly Orchids Ophrys insectifera (L.). We also enjoyed the experience of a close encounter with a Yellowhammer Emberiza citrine lla. A remarkable feature of the day was the number of Viviparous Lizards Lacerta vivipara noted, numbering six in total. These were seen by both of us, in open sunny situations but soon scuttled rapidly into the undergrowth on being disturbed. Day 4 - Sunday 17 June 2007 A day, which began very overcast, did not look at all promising on our ferry trip across the River Shannon. However, our luck with the weather continued as our arrival at Clooncoose coincided, literally, with the sun breaking through rapidly thinning cloud cover. The result was that we enjoyed a spectacularly successful day of entomology and botany, with temperatures reaching about 23°C. NOTES 111 Plate C. Clooncoose with Mullagfamore in the background - typical Burren habitat of Boloria euphrosyne and Hipparchia semele clarensis. 112 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 The first thing that struck us was that not many insects were in flight in the more open areas but in contrast, most species were quite profuse in the confines of small corners of fields, sheltered by Hazel scrub Corylus avellana. The most distinct example of this was the Chimney Sweeper Odezia atrata, which was frequent in sheltered pockets in the comers of meadows but entirely absent from less confined quarters nearby. However, there were good numbers of Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia. Dark-green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja. Small Heath, Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria tircis (Godart), Common Blue Polyommatus icarus mariscolore (Kane), and Wood White Leptidea s inapis juvernica (Williams). We encountered the season’s first Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina iernes (Graves) together with singletons of Small Blue Cupido minimus (Fuessly) and an immaculate baynesi Dingy Skipper. One notable feature of this season, to date, has been the absolute scarcity of the latter species, whereas in previous years it had been found in large numbers. Of the moths, Chimney Sweeper Odezia atrata , already mentioned, was the most prolific together with four Silver Y Autographa gamma (L.), a few dishevelled Transparent Burnet Zygaena purpuralis sabulosa (Tremewan), and Latticed Heath C hiasmia clathrata hugginsi (Baynes). Larvae of Cinnabar Thyatira jacobaeae were common on Ragworth Senecio jacobaea. During the course of our meanderings out on the dints, we were delighted to note a large herd of Feral Goats Capra hircus, possibly numbering about one hundred individuals. We did not venture too close to these skittish animals, but were able to observe them for a small while, from a distance, which did not cause them harm or distress. They are truly impressive animals and it is always a pleasure to meet with them hereabouts. We only had a solitary sighting of Viviparous Lizard Lacerta vivipara) on this particular day, but did have a close encounter with a group of Fox cubs Vulpes vulpes , numbering four, which crossed our path as we entered into a large meadow, which was awash with Ox-eye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare. This locale proved to contain Bee Orchids Ophrys apifera in large numbers, interspersed with Fly Orchids Ophrys apifera that, though sporadic, was by no means common. Other more common orchids encountered were Common Twayblade Listera ovata , Lesser Butterfly Orchid Platanthera bifolia and Pyramidal Orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis. The Common Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii, O’ Kelly’s Spotted Orchid D actylorhiza fuchsii ssp. okellyi and Early Purple Orchid Orchis mascula were present in considerable numbers. Amongst the coleoptera, other than several Rose Chafers Cetonia aurata on Meadowsweet Filipendula Ulmaria, nothing else was observed. Near Lough Gealain, a single Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni gravesi (Huggins) was spotted fluttering away high up through a stand of Buckthorn Rhamnus , and JWL captured a singleton of Anania funebris (Strom). This micro is encountered on many of our outings in this district and we were interested to note, per Goater (1986) that “the presence of the small white point on the forewing is more frequent in western British populations, and in the Burren, Co. Clare, all the white spots are greatly enlarged”. One highlight of our day was the capture, by IWL, of an aberrant specimen of Small Heath, which has a very pronounced black spot on each forewing. NOTES 113 During the course of packing up our collecting and photographic equipment, a Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia, which appeared unusual, alighted on a Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. blossom, just a few yards from our car. Immediately, and simultaneously, we both realised we were looking at an aberrant specimen and JWL secured it, a male in excellent condition. This was certainly a fine conclusion to a most agreeable and productive day. Needless to say, we do not encounter two aberrations daily on a regular basis! Day 5 - Tuesday 3 July 2007 Our original plan had been to travel on either Saturday 30 June or Sunday 1 July but atrocious weather conditions on both days inevitably resulted in postponement. We then decided to keep our options open for the following week, given that we both had holidays kept in reserve. The weather forecast for Tuesday, 3 July held more promise so we took a gamble and, travelling through Ennis, we endured a thunderous downpour. We arrived at Clooncoose about 11.30am and, fortunately, were able to enjoy a reasonable pleasant day, temperatures reaching about 18°C, with sunny spells punctuated with light showers. These conditions aside, we had a moderately successful excursion. We found the Dark-green Fritillary to be reasonably plentiful, as were the Small Heath and Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus. Only small numbers of Meadow Brown. Common Blue Polyommatus icarus mariscolore (Kane) and solitary Grayling Hipparchia semele clarensis (de Lattin), Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia and Small White Pieris rapae (L.) were noted. We found that, as the day progressed, a strengthening breeze began to develop and it felt chilly in more open situations. We noted three more Viviparous Lizards Lacerta vivipara and the following Odonata were also recorded: Common Hawker Aeshna juncea (L) (both sexes), Brown Hawker Aeshna grandis (L), Banded Demoiselle Calopteryx splendens (Harris) (1 male only, seen and taken), Common Darter Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier) and few specimens of Hairy Dragonfly Brachytron pratense (Muller 1764). There were still a small number of Bee Orchids Ophrys apifera still in flower but those, which had gone over to seed very virtually impossible to locate, even in a meadow where they were in abundance only two week previously. Several further Fly Orchids Ophrys insectifera were observed and, even though these had gone over, they were easily recognisable though sporadic over an extensive area. Some of the more common Orchids, Common Twayblade Listera ovata, Pyramidal Orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis and Early Purple Orchid Orchis mascula were still very much in evidence. At about 4.30pm, due to the strengthening and chilling breeze, insect activity had petered out significantly and we decided to gather our equipment and head homewards. Day 6 - Saturday 14 July 2007 A clear and starlit Friday night led to a hot and virtually cloudless summer day and we travelled in glorious sunshine to Clooncoose. On our arrival, we noted a tractor and trailer parked at our usual stopover so we pulled onto the grass margin about 114 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Plate D. Some Burren butterflies. 1. Argynnis paphia ab.17.vi.2007 Clooncoose; 2. Leptidea sinapis juvemica 6.V.2007 Clooncoose; 3. Erynnis tages baynesi 4.vi.2007 Clooncoose; 4. Hipparchia semele clarensis 3.vii.2007 Clooncoose; 5. Gonepteryx rhamni gravesi 13.V.2000 Lough Gealain; 6. Boloria euphrosyne 1 8.vii. 1 994 Clooncoose; 7. Maniola jurtina iernes 28.vii.2007 Clooncoose; 8. Pier is napi britannica 6.V.2007 Clooncoose; 9. Hipparchia semele clarensis 28. vi. 2007 Clooncoose; 10. Gonepteryx rhamni gravesi 13.V.2000 Lough Gealain; 11. Zygaena purpuralis sabulosa 17. vi. 2007 Clooncoose; 12. Polyommatus icarus mariscolore 19.V.2007 Clooncoose; 13. Polyommatus icarus mariscolore 17. vi. 2007 Clooncoose; 14. Anthocaris cardamines hibernica 6. v. 2000 Lough Gealain; 15. Lycaena phlaeas hibernica 12.viii.2007 Clooncoose; 16. Coenonympha pamphilus ab. 17.vi.2007 Clooncoose; Thecla betulae ex-larva 27.vii.1997 Lough Gealain NOTES 115 thirty yards away. Sitting here, enjoying a well-deserved cup of tea, we were astounded to see two tour buses travelling up along this road. Under normal circumstances, it would be described as barely suitable, in width or condition, for a car to be driven leisurely and with great care by anybody who values their chassis! Mo’S tried to wave down the driver to warn him that the roadway ahead was virtually impassable only to be almost run over. Shortly afterwards, we heard a furore and a loud verbal lambasting, which we assume was the tractor driver. Subsequently, as we leisurely explored the meadows hereabouts, we could hear engines revving and all sorts of commotion. After approximately two hours, the buses finally managed to turn, to the accompaniment of cheering and clapping. Later, on our return to this location, there was great evidence of tyre tracks and broken bushes in the surrounding hedges. We did, after all, attempt to warn them! This incident portrayed a distinct lack of courtesy on the part of both drivers and an utter disregard for the landowners hereabouts who strive to glean a living under very difficult circumstances. It is incumbent upon us to realise that events similar to this will impact on livelihoods to a lesser or greater degree and may have a detrimental effect on future access to such areas. Anyone who visits the Burren should realise this and ensure that their first consideration is for the owners and guardians of this wonderful landscape. As previously, Small Heath was abundant and accompanied by Meadow Brown, Wood White Leptidea sinapis juvemica (Williams), Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus and a scattering of Grayling Hipparchia semele clarensis (de Lattin). A great deal of time was spent capturing and examining Small Heaths in great detail. During the course of this exercise, JWL netted but subsequently lost an aberrant specimen. This occurred during the transfer to jar and we’re confident that many a good specimen has gained freedom at this juncture in proceedings. This escapee was somewhat similar to the aberration in this species encountered during our last trip but with the blind spot on each wing being less defined. We were also delighted to note several examples of Frog Orchid Dactylorhiza viridis , though the plants were by no means numerous. Several Broad-leaved Helleborine Epipactis helleborine noted on in more open situations amidst assemblies of fractured stones. Day 7 - Saturday 28 July 2007 Denis Ahem, a young man with a fledgling interest in entomology and photography, accompanied us on this trip. Regrettably, our good fortune with the weather abandoned us on this particular day. Just one hundred yards from our destination, Clooncoose, the skies which had looked threatening during our trip, began to close in and light rain began to fall, although somewhat intermittently. We only had the benefit of one hour’s workable weather, during which we recorded Meadow Brown, Peacock Inachis io , Small Heath in their usual large numbers. Wood White Leptidea sinapis juvemica (Williams), a singleton of Silver- washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia and a few scattered Grayling Hipparchia semele clarensis (de Lattin). During this brief spell, for the first time in a great many years of visiting the Burren, there was a strange stillness, with no wind whatsoever, high temperatures and stifling humidity. 116 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Shortly after 1 .00pm, the wind stirred up and, with this, the rains rolled in from the Atlantic. With little or no shelter and it being patently obvious that this was a prospective downpour, we reluctantly had to pack up and travelled home through precipitation that was furious, even for the west coast of Ireland. However, we were able to appease our bibliomania as we perused the excellent second hand bookshops in Doolin and Liscannor. Both JWL and Mo’S were able to obtain scarce titles by Tim Robinson, which put a slightly brighter gloss on an otherwise abjectly disappointing day. John Lavery (on left) and Denis Ahem examine a specimen of Thecla betulae (L.) near Lough Gealain. Day 8 - Sunday 12 August 2007 After the disappointment of our previous trip, we were once again blessed with better but not ideal weather. After his sodden introduction, Denis must have been apprehensive as occasional but heavy showers punctuated our trip to Clooncoose. However, our day was generally agreeable. On this occasion, we travelled via the scenic route, up through Milltown Malbay, Lahinch, Liscannor, Doolin and Ballyvaughan. At Black Head, the scene was one of thousands of Harebells Campanula rotundifolia , with their azure blue flower heads nodding in the breeze. At Clooncoose, we recorded Meadow Brown, Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus , Common Blue Polyommatus icarus mariscolore (Kane) but these were very scarce, Peacock Inachis io, Wall Brown Lasiommata megera which were sparse. Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria tircis. Grayling Hipparchia semele clarensis (de Lattin), all NOTES 117 rather ragged. Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae, a few pristine Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas hibernica (Goodson) and a proliferation of Small Heath. However, the highlight of the day was the capture of two specimens of Brown Hairstreak (both male). We have not captured this insect since August 1984.0n the botanical front, most orchid species were gone over to seed but we were delighted to note three plants of Grass of Parnassus Parnassia palustris. Unfortunately, our plan to have an overnight stay to operate a Robinson Trap at Lough Bunny failed to materialise, due to work commitments during August that prematurely curtailed our season. However, regardless of this disappointment, we have been incredibly fortunate to manage eight excursions out of a prospective total of ten. From these eight, only one was rained off and several others involved precipitation in varying degrees of severity. Taking into consideration the appalling weather, which prevailed throughout much of June, July and August, it is astonishing that we managed to undertake as much travelling and recording as was achieved. We were struck by the relative scarcity of several species, most notably Dingy Skipper, Hipparchia semele clarensis (de Lattin), Wall Brown Lasiommata megera (L.) and Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni gravesi (Huggins). Other species, particularly Small Heath, were abundant and it is safe to say that this species is the most abundant butterfly around the general region of Clooncoose and Lough Gealain. Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne (L.) and Silver-washed Fritillary were also more prominent than recent years as was Argynnis paphia L., which is normally found in small numbers. Wall Brown Lasiommata megera (L.) is not, we have noticed, very abundant in this area but in this year, 2007, we only noticed two specimens, both on 12 August. The following Graph gives an indication of the fluctuation observed in selected species during 2003 and 2007, both years when multiple visits were possible: 200 150 100 50 o 1. G. rhamni 2. E. tages 3. L. sinapis 4. H. semele 5. B. euphrosyne 6. A. aglaja 2003 2007 - Michael O’Sullivan, 20 St. James’ Gardens, Killorglin, Co. Kerry, Ireland & John W. Lavery, Holly Cottage, Ballahadigue, Listowel, Co. Kerry, Ireland. 118 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Hazards of butterfly collecting. A funny thing happened on the way to the pub We had just finished a five-hour meeting at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) on the edge of Regent's Park in northern London after discussing a project for long term monitoring of a 10% sample of all the butterflies in the world (some 15,000 species without the skippers (Hesperioidea)). It had been a good meeting, so in the late afternoon we decided to take advantage of one of the few fine days in London this year to finish off at the local pub. Our group included some of the people with the broadest knowledge of butterflies from Madagascar, Latin America, and Africa, as well as the technical monitoring wizards from the ZSL. A small gaggle of people, including toddlers in pushchairs, on the other side of the road were intently looking at a well manicured garden hedge. It turned out that they were actually focused on a beautiful - very large - blue butterfly with a prominent orange band on the fore wing. We muscled in - after all, between us we must have seen 5,000 butterfly species in nature! At a distance of 15 metres I had thought it was the Kenyan Euphaedra neophron (my African bias will show), but getting closer it was clear that it was one of the famous “oakleafs” of the genus Kallirna from Asia. The afternoon was cool and the butterfly was absorbing the last rays of direct sun. David Lees took some nice pictures (see below). We told the bystanders what they were looking at and ventured the suggestion that it must have escaped from the splendid Butterfly House in Regent’s Park Zoo, just a few hundred metres away. We could not help wondering at the odds against three of the world’s leading butterfly specialists happening on this spectacle in quest of a quiet round of beer. Yours truly assessing Kallima ?inaehus camdentownensis. NOTES 119 A few minutes later a lady from the zoo turned up, chasing an escapee from the butterfly house: “But what do I do with it?” It was quite cool and the butterfly was not very active. David was able to pick it up without any problem and handed it to her. The two actually knew each other: the lady was Dr Lesley Dickie, Conservation Director at the Zoo. She sent us a nice e-mail the following day: “Thanks again for catching up our ever so resourceful escape artist - I safely took him back and he went into quarantine - for being naughty in the first place I think...” However, a good time was had by all, the butterfly got home safely, “And” - as Browning said - “all’s right with the world!” In principle, exotic species should of course not escape from captivity or be otherwise introduced. They might wreak havoc on the local flora and fauna. The common grey squirrel was introduced to the UK from America because it would be cute to have two different squirrels in gardens and parks: they soon completely wiped out the red squirrel except for isolated pockets in the coldest and wettest parts of the country. Coypu and mink are out-competing local predators in much of Europe. Escaped crayfish are clobbering local species in many countries. The worst example of this is probably the Hawaiian Islands. Many local species have been wiped out by exotic imports, some accidental, others deliberate. Endemic snails and birds have taken especially strong hits. I don’t think our oakleaf posed any real danger - quite apart from the fact that it was a single male. It is a tropical butterfly. It might be able to find some kind of host-plant - though probably not a very suitable one. However, its chances of surviving a wet English winter are remote. 1 was initially surprised that the United States has plenty of good butterfly houses full of large and gaudy tropical species. I learnt that species were generally assessed as to their capacity to survive winter: take any tropical butterfly to Denver and it would be destined for death if it escaped. The American Monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus L., 1758) reaches much of Western Europe on a regular basis but has only managed to establish permanent populations on the Canary Islands. In fact the only really successful alien butterfly to have established itself in Europe is the geranium blue ( Cacyreus marshalli Butler). It was first recorded from the Mallorca in 1989 and quickly colonized the Spanish coast opposite, from where it has since spread south to Morocco and along the French coast to Italy - it has even been found in the UK. In Europe the only known host-plants remain cultivated geraniums ( Pelargonium spp), feeding mainly on flowers buds. It almost certainly reached Mallorca thanks to some nice blue-rinse lady from South Africa who brought cuttings for her friends*. But in general butterflies are poor colonizers of foreign habitats and most of the few successful examples are pests of crops and introduced weeds. And though the thought of little pockets of large, beautiful butterflies in unexpected places may be superficially attractive, this is probably all for the best. — Torben B. Larsen, Jacobys alle 2, 1806 Frederiksberg, Denmark. * Eddie John kindly pointed out that a paper by Martin Honey (1993 - Butterfly Conservation News, no 53) relates that larvae were found on the geranium cultivar “Fever Cascade” imported from South Africa in the UK as far back as 1978 at the Harpenden Research Centre in the UK, so possibly commercial imports were responsible also in Spain where these flowers are an important industry. 120 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Observations of Aty lotus rusticus (L.) (Dip.: Tabanidae) in Sussex during 2006 Until recent years, Atylotus rusticus had been rarely taken or recorded in Britain; indeed, the comprehensive nature of the most recent review of its British status (Stubbs, A.E. & Drake, [C.] M., 2001. British soldierflies and their allies: an illustrated guide to their identification and ecology. British Entomological and Natural History Society) provided testimony to the paucity of national data. The Dipterists Forum Summer Field Meeting held in Sussex during late June 2006 fortuitously coincided with mass emergence of A. rusticus in several Pevensey Levels localities visited by the attendees. This unique event gave an unprecedented opportunity to learn more about this previously enigmatic British insect, and produced the following observations. As in part reported by Storey et al. (Storey, M. W., Post, R., Post, C. K. & Chainey, J., 2006. Recent records of Atylotus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1761) (Diptera, Tabanidae). Dipterists Digest (Second Series) 13: 21-22), on 27. vi. 2006 a party including PJC, MWS, DPS, RP and CKP (see final paragraph for names) visited Barn Field in the Cuckmere Valley; this being a site where several female Atylotus rusticus were previously removed from a pony (Storey et al, op. cit.). During the course of the visit on 27. vi. 2006, PJC and others observed a female A. rusticus on the same pony. More extensive and important observations of A. rusticus were to occur on the Pevensey Levels during the following days. Prior arrangements had been made for the Dipterists Forum to visit Montague Farm, on Hankham Level, this being a private area of Pevensey Levels SSSI, where the owner was particularly orientated towards conservation. Therefore, on 28.vi.2006, a party comprised of HB, SGB, PJC, JHC, ED, AG, RKAM, IP, MJS, CRS and AES assembled at Montague Farm, from where their vehicles were led in convoy across fields to an area, centred on TQ641054, which the owner felt was likely to prove of particular interest to the party. From this central point, the party dispersed on foot, and spent approximately an hour investigating ditches and their environs. Upon arrival, the weather was fine but very blustery, hardly ideal for encountering tabanids; yet by the time the party were leaving the site, the temperature was increasing, and A. rusticus was being found in reasonable numbers. On levels, the invertebrate interest is mainly along ditches. At this site there was also a scrape, and portions of fields that had wet and muddy areas that would have been shallowly flooded in winter, and may possibly dry out by late summer in a year of drought. One of the fields had an ungrazed sward with Meadow Barley Hordeum secalinum, Red Clover Trifolium pratense and Lotus as conspicuous elements. Here, the ground was very slightly elevated, and gave the impression that it was not subject to the same degree of flooding as the adjacent ditches and flood-pans. On sweeping this field, AES was surprised to take a number of A. rusticus , usually two at a time; some with wings so floppy that they could not have had their first flight. Whilst also working this field, AG and IP regularly found both sexes of A. rusticus feeding on Trifolium pratense. An equal quantity of White Clover Trifolium repens was also present in the field, yet the flies were not seen feeding on this. NOTES 121 Most of the party concentrated their efforts along the ditches and around the scrape, with varying degrees of success in finding A. rusticus. Here, JHC took a male by sweeping soon after his arrival, but then failed to find any more until finding several at a patch of thistle Cirsium flowers just as the party was leaving. SGB also noted a single A. rusticus on Cirsium when the party was leaving the site. PJC initially failed to find A. rusticus by sweeping, but was directed by MJS to a patch of Cirsium, from where he took a male off a flower-head, and swept a further male in the immediate vicinity. RKAM took a single A. rusticus after a lot of sweeping, but later found quite a number on flowers by the ditch sides. CRS took one A. rusticus from Cirsium growing on a dry mound, and subsequently swept equal numbers of teneral males and females from along the margins of ditches leading towards the scrape. AG took 3 female A. rusticus along the ditches, before leaving the main party and netting a further female around his legs in the middle of a mown meadow. After leaving the main party and crossing a ditch towards the main road, MJS found three male and three female A. rusticus in wet grassland at O.S. grid reference TQ 64130540. Once the party had re-assembled, the convoy travelled across fields to an area centred on TQ 625064, with the intention of concentrating recording effort in a nearby marshy field. In order to reach the marshy field, it was necessary to cross, on foot, a fairly dry ungrazed meadow containing Trifolium pratense and other flowers. The visit of the dipterists coincided with a major emergence of A. rusticus in this ungrazed meadow. Upon arrival at this second Montague Farm site, the strong winds that had plagued the visit to the first site had somewhat relented; moreover, the site was more sheltered and conditions were more conducive to tabanid activity. The party spent approximately an hour in the area centred on TQ625064, after which time both sexes of A. rusticus had been noticed in considerable numbers in the ungrazed meadow by SGB, PJC, ED, AG, IP, AES, RKAM, MJS and CRS. AG mainly noted newly-emerged flies amongst the long sparse grasses, where both sexes could be found on the available flowers viz. Trifolium pratense, Cirsium, and Ranunculus. AG also found both sexes feeding on Oenanthe by the edge of a ditch. PJC took males by sweeping areas around Cirsium. RKAM remarked that A. rusticus was so numerous, that he even captured four in one sweep! On 29.vi.2006, a party comprised of AJH, MAH and MJP visited Pevensey Levels NNR during warm and calm weather. The party worked the area around TQ666074 and reported A. rusticus to be abundant in conditions comparable to those encountered at Montague Farm on the previous day. MJP noted that some A. rusticus were feeding on Cirsium, whereas MAH first saw A. rusticus feeding on Umbelliferae by the roadside, and subsequently found it in abundance on Cirsium, most examples being males. Also on 29.vi.2006, MAH found a male A. rusticus on scrub beside a ride at Lullington Heath, TQ5401; this locality being on top of the South Downs, and perhaps a mile or more from potential breeding habitat on river floodplain. During hot weather on 30. vi. 2006, AG investigated fields and lanes centred around TQ 688063 on Hooe Level, an area of Pevensey Levels close to Norman’s 122 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Bay. Here, A. rusticus was the most abundant tabanid present, but neither sex was seen feeding at flowers. A single male was observed perched on emergent ditch vegetation along the bank of a stream/ditch running through a field from TQ 687063 to TQ 687058, and it was along this bank, and elsewhere in the same field, that AG was attacked by female A. rusticus in search of a blood-meal on numerous occasions during a two-hour period. Also on 30.vi.2006, MAH swept a male A. rusticus at TQ 447087 on Mount Caburn, a chalk hill close to the Lewis Levels. For submitting their observations, we are grateful to the following: Stuart G. Ball, Peter J. Chandler, Jon H. Cole, Steven J. Falk, Andy J. Halstead, Mike A. Howe, Roger K.A. Moms, Mick J. Parker, Ivan Perry, Malcolm J. Smart, Chris R. Spilling, Malcolm W. Storey, Darwyn P. Sumner and Judy A. Webb. Thanks are also due to Martin Hole, Rory Post and Christine K. Post for their appropriate arrangements and invitations. The initials ED refer to Liz Douglas and HB to Howard Bentley. — Andrew Grayson, 1 1 McMahon Drive, Queensbury, Clayton Heights, Bradford BD13 1HD & Alan E. Stubbs, 181 Broadway. Peterborough PEI 4DS. Nephopterix angustelta (Hb.) (Lep.: Pyralidae) a late larval record British literature gives the larval period of Nephopterix angustelia (Hiibn.) as either July/ August and October or August to October, although it is clear that larvae feed into early November as evidenced by some, not fully fed, that I found in the fruits of Euonymus europaeus L. at three localities in south-east Cornwall (Vice-county 2) on 31 October 2007 and at one locality, with Dr B. P. Henwood, in south Devon (VC 3) on 4 November 2007. Generally by late November/early December the fruits will have opened to allow dispersal of their seeds and so would not sustain larvae. Therefore I was surprised to find on 5 January 2008 several bushes of Euonymus europaeus at Billacombe, Plymstock, Devon (VC 3) with a few unexpanded fruits, one of which contained a half grown larva. Because of the late date I thought that it would be parasitised, but a moth emerged on 7 February 2008. — R. J. Heckford. 67 Newnham Road, Plympton, Plymouth. Devon PL7 4AW. Subscriber Notice: Harley Books Please note that from 1 April 2008 all ‘Harley Books’ titles are being acquired by the Danish publisher, Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771, Stenstrup, Denmark (Telephone: 00 45 62 26 37 37; Facsimile:. 00 45 62 26 37 80; email: apollobooks@vip.cybercity.dk; website: www.apollobooks.com). For more information, please contact Peder Skou, who speaks excellent English and to whom all future orders should be sent. Apollo Books will continue to use Harley Books’ distributors and therefore all British orders will be despatched from the UK. Payment can continue to be be made in sterling by cheque or bank transfer. BLASTICOTOMA FILICETI NEW TO IRELAND 123 BLASTICOTOMA FILICETI KLUG, 1834 (SYM.: BLASTICOTOMIDAE): A SAWFLY NEW TO IRELAND Jerry Bowdrey Colchester and Ipswich Museums Service, 14 Rye gate Road, Colchester, Essex COl 1YG ( E-mail: jerry, bowdrey @ colchester.gov. uk) Abstract Blasticotoma filiceti (Sym.: Blastocotomidae) is reported new to Ireland from larval mines found in a Dryopteris rachis in Co. Kerry, Eire during 2007. Introduction At the beginning of an enjoyable holiday in the Kenmare area, County Kerry on 2 August 2007, the author and his partner decided to walk part of the Kerry Way north of Kenmare (Irish Grid Reference V 0907). The first part of the route led along a narrow minor road bounded by stone walls and well vegetated verges, beyond which was rough, grazing land. Our attention was drawn to two ‘balls of froth’ attached to the rachis of a fern (. Dryopteris sp.). Realising that this was not the usual ‘cuckoo spit’ produced by Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) a digital image was taken for future reference (see below). On returning home, reference to Quinlan and Gauld (1981) suggested that the foam may have emanated from the larval workings of Blasticotoma filiceti Klug. This identification was later confirmed from the image by Andrew Liston, who also drew attention to the fact that the species had not previously been recorded from Ireland (O’Connor, Liston and Speight, 1997). The family Blasticotomidae contains fewer than ten species in two genera with B. filiceti the only species to be found in Europe. It has occasionally been taken in Britain where it is considered very rare (Quinlan and Gauld, op. cit.). The species has recently been reported from Wales (Knight and Howe, 2006). The larvae have a unique feeding method, being described as a phloem-miners (Shcherbakov, 2006, Liston, 2007). It is suggested that the larva whisks its excreta into a froth which is readily consumed by ants (Shcherbakov; Liston 124 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 op. cit.). The froth on the Irish specimens appeared fresh, but no ants were observed in the vicinity. These two foam balls, on a single rachis, were all that were noticed on the numerous stands of ferns on the hillside. Up to three on a single plant have been recorded in Wales (Knight and Howe, loc.cit.). It is regretted that the significance of the find was not appreciated at the time and no material collected nor the host identified to species! Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Andrew Liston of Deutsches Entomologisches Institut im ZALF e.V for identifying B.filiceti from the digital image, commenting on its distribution and supplying relevant literature, also Brian Nelson of National Museums of Northern Ireland for helpful suggestions and references. References Knight, G and Howe, M., 2006. Blasticotoma filiceti in North Wales. Sawfly Study Group Newsletter 1, 7-8. Liston, A. D., 2007. Zur Biologie und Vorkommen von Blasticotoma filiceti Klug, 1834 (Hymenoptera, Blasticotomidae) in Brandenburg und Berlin. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 51: 95-99. O’Connor, J. P., Liston, A. D. and Speight, M. C. D., 1997. A review of the Irish sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) including a checklist of species. Bulletin of the Irish bio geo graphical Society 20: 2-99. Quinlan, J. and Gauld, I. D., 1981. Symphyta (except Tenthredinidae) Hymenoptera. New Edition. London, Royal Entomological Society. Handbooks for the identification of British Insects VI(2a): ,30-31. Shcherbakkov, D. E., 2006. Fern sawfly larvae Blasticotoma filiceti Klug, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Blasticotomidae) are visited by ants; a new kind of trophobiosis. Russian Entomological Journal 15(1): 67-72. Second record of the Scarce Hook-tip Sabra harpagula Esp. (Lep.: Drepanidae) on The Channel Islands As previously reported (Ent Rec. 118: 202) the Rothamsted Insect Survey light trap at Trinity on Jersey (site 547) caught the first example of Sabra harpagula for The Channel Islands. Now the same trap has turned up the second record for the Islands, caught during the period 21-24 July 2006. The dte of the first record (9/10 August 2005) suggested a vagrant from a second generation in France, bivoltism being common on mainland Europe. However, as the foodplant (Small-leaved Lime, Tilia cordata) is present on Jersey, perhaps this second record in as many years shows there may be an undiscovered new population on the island, with a slightly longer flight season than that on mainland Britain. Many thanks to Roger Long for information regarding the specimen and to Alex Vautier for her hard work operating the trap. — Philip J. L. Gould, co-ordinator of the Rothamsted Insect Survey Light-trap Network, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ (E-mail: phil.gould@bbsrc.ac.uk). STATUS OF TROGUS LAPIDATOR 125 INVESTIGATION OF THE STATUS OF TROGUS LAPIDATOR (F.) (HYM.: ICHNEUMONIDAE) IN BRITAIN, A PARASITOID OF PAPILLO MACH AON L. (LEE: PAPILIONIDAE) Geoff Nobes Springside, Carbrooke, Thetford. Norfolk. IP25 6SQ. Abstract Examples of the parasitoid Trogus lapidator (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) was reared from 24 larvae of Papilio machaon L. (Lep.: Papilionidae) collected under licence from Catfield Fen in Norfolk during August 2005. Twenty-one of the host larvae survived to pupation and these produced eight male Trogus lapidator (one per pupa) and nine Papilio machaon during 2006; four pupae died and it was not possible to determine if these were parasitized. The parasitoids emerged an average of 30 days before host emergence. Introduction Trogus lapidator has been known as a solitary larval-pupal parasite of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio machaon in Britain for some time (Morley, 1901), but published records only exist for localities in the Cambridgeshire fens, in which P. machaon is now extinct, until Shaw (1978) reported a specimen reared from the Norfolk Broads. Subsequently two further specimens were reared from the Norfolk Broads (M.R. Shaw, pers. comm.): one female. Horsey Mere, Norfolk, ex P. machaon collected as larva 29.vii.1981, em. 2.vi. 1982 (T. M. Melling) and one male, labelled only Norfolk Broads, ex P. machaon collected as pupa winter 1981, em vi.1982 (unknown collector, don. G. R. Ayres). Both specimens are in the National Museums of Scotland. Other than these three, there have been no other modern records of T. lapidator in Britain, suggesting that this certainly highly restricted insect may also be very rare. In the early evening of 17 June 2005 I went to inspect some water traps set at Catfield Fen Nature Reserve (O. S. grid reference TG 369212), where I was conducting an invertebrate survey for Butterfly Conservation Norfolk Branch, who own this part of the fen. The traps were set at a height of one-metre amongst tall vegetation, mainly in the hope of catching hoverflies. Many Swallowtail butterflies were feeding on the flowers of the many tall marsh thistles Cirsium palustris growing alongside an adjacent dyke. Also flying and crawling very actively amongst the flowers, were two large black ichneumonid wasps with bright orange legs. I caught one of these (Plate E) and on using Perkins (1959) this ran to Trogus lapidator , except that in my specimen the legs were orange rather than red. The specimen was sent to Dr Mark Shaw who confirmed that it was a male Trogus lapidator. On a return visit on 20 June 2005 I found several T. lapidator still active on the thistles and one specimen in one of the water traps. This specimen was confirmed as a male by Mark Shaw. The insects were very active on the thistles as if they were looking for something rather than feeding, probably searching for newly emerging females. As far as is known this is the first time the behaviour of Trogus lapidator has been observed in the wild in Britain and the first record of the species since 1982. 126 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2QQ8 As this parasitoid is necessarily rarer than its host, it should be regarded as of even greater conservation concern (Shaw in Shirt, 1987), yet there has been no effort to conduct surveys for it since collecting all stages of the swallowtail became an offence under the Wildlife & Countryside Act (1981). In the light of my rediscovery of Trogus lapidator it was suggested by Mark Shaw that I conduct a survey at Catfield Fen in 2005/6 to gauge the extent to which Papilio machaon is parasitised by this ichneumonid. A licence was granted by English Nature (now Natural England) to collect 24 larvae there in 2005 to try and rear the parasitoid and to see to what extent the butterfly population was affected by it. The results of this experiment are presented below: Methods Twenty-four 4th and 5 th instar larva were collected from Catfield Fen on 4 August 2005. It is known that Trogus species are able to attack early instar larval instars of their hosts (Prota, 1963) so parasitism was presumed to be well-represented (if possibly incomplete) in this sample. The larvae were fed on large flowering plants of fennel Foeniculum vulgare and wild carrot Daucus carota with their stems in bottles of water in a large, airy cage, 830cms X 220cms X 61cms, in an unheated room indoors. Reed Phragmites australis stems were provided as supports for the larvae to pupate on, and most used this method; others pupated on the sides of the cage. The pupae were immediately removed from the cage, most still attached to the reed stems, and stood upright in two large metal cake tins in which numerous small holes had been drilled in the lids. These were placed on a shelf in a cool outside garage and left there for the winter, occasionally being inspected to look for any sign of mould on the pupae. The pupae were brought into a cool outhouse in early May 2006 and transferred to a large aquarium to await emergence. Those attached to the reed stems were stood upright in florist’s ‘oasis’. Others were glued to a horizontal stick wedged along the top of the aquarium. Resells The results may be summarized as follows: • Thirteen caterpillars had pupated by 8 August and eight more by 13 August. The remaining three larvae died; • Seven T. lapidator emerged in the period 27 May to 3 June 2006, and a further individual on 10 June 2006; • Nine adults of P. machaon emerged in the period 16 June to 12 July 2006 (all but the first were between 24 June and 12 July); • The mean dates of emergence were separated by 30 days (71 lapidator 30 May; P. machaon 29 June); ® Four pupae failed to emerge. These were opened and were found to be hollow and dry, but it was not possible to tell whether or not they harboured parasitoides; STATUS OF TROGUS LAPIDATOR 127 • Trogus lapidator emerged from the centre of the wing case of the host pupa, making an oval hole about 4mm x 5mm. Six emerged through the right wing case and two through the left; • All reared parasites and hosts were returned alive to Catfield Fen where the larvae were collected in 2005. The empty host pupal cases are now housed at the National Museums of Scotland. Plate E. Adult male Trogus lapidator (F.) adjacent to the Papilio machaon L. cocoon from which it emerged. 128 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.V.2008 Discussion It would appear from this experiment that, in spite of recent pessimism for its survival (Shaw in Shirt, 1987), that Trogus lapidator is still well-established in this part of Catfield Fen in the Norfolk Broads. It also seems that the extent to which P. machaon larvae are infested is fairly high. Forty-seven percent of the emergences from the pupae reared were of T lapidator. Of interest is that all the parasites appeared to be males and that they all emerged before any P. machaon adults, with mean emergence dates separated by 30 days. This seems remarkable, but it is possible that the captive rearing conditions affected P. machaon more than T. lapidator , as the latter emerged at a time when the normal spring emergence of P. machaon should have been well underway. It is hoped to repeat this experiment to see whether the swallowtail population is parasitised by Trogus lapidator to the same extent as it is at Catfield Fen in other parts of the Norfolk Broads and if the degree of parasitism is constant between years. Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Dr Mark Shaw (former keeper of Natural Sciences at the National Museums of Scotland) for confirming the identity of Trogus lapidator and for suggesting the survey, providing a reference to English Nature (now Natural England) and for much other helpful advice on the project. Thanks are also due to Natural England for granting a licence to carry out the survey work and also to Mrs Mandy Gluth of the Norfolk Branch of Butterfly Conservation for allowing access and permission to collect larvae of P. machaon at Catfield Fen. References Perkins, J. F., 1959. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea. Ichneumonidae, key to subfamilies and Ichneumonidae- 1 . Handbooks for the identification of British insects 7 (2ai): 1-116. Prota, R., 1963. Note morfo-etologiche su Trogus violaceus (Mocs). (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea).endoparassita solitario delle larve di Papilio hospiton Gene Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Bollettino dell’Istituto di Entomologia della Universitd di Bologna 26: 289-318. Shaw, M. R., 1978. The status of Trogus lapidator (F.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, a parasite of Papilio machaon L. Entomologist’s Gazette 29: 287-88. Shaw, M.R. in Shirt, D. B., 1987. The British Red Data Books: 2. Insects. Nature Conservancy Council. The Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981). Her Majesty’s Stationary Office. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION http://www.entrecord.com Papers Bactra venosana (Zeller, 1847) (Lep.: Tortricidae) new to the British Isles from Ireland. Tony Bryant and K. G. M. Bond.............................. . . 97-99 Brown Argus hybrids in the Peak District. Bill Smyllie . . . . . 101-106 Blasticotoma filiceti Klug, 1834 (Sym.: Blasticotomidae): a sawfly new to Ireland. Jerry Bowdrey . . . . . . . . . 123-124 Investigation of the status of Trogus lapidator (F.) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, a parasitoid of Papilio machaon L. (Lep.: Papilionidae). Geoff Nobes . . . . . 125-128 Notes The Turnip Sawfly Athalia rosae (L.) (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) in Scotland. Andrew D. Liston.................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99-100 Northern Arches Apamea zeta assimilis (Doubleday) (Lep.: Noctuidae) discovered in Selkirkshire (Vice-county 79). Malcolm Lindsay . . . . . . . . . 107 Eight days in the Burren (2007). Michael O'Sullivan and John W. Lavery . . . . 107-117 Hazards of butterfly collecting. A funny thing happened on the way to the pub. Torben B. Larsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118-119 Observations of Atylotus rusticus (L.) (Dip.: Tabanidae) in Sussex during 2006. Andrew Grayson and Alan E. 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SCOLIOMEURA VICIMA NEW TO BRITAIN 129 S CO LI ONE URA VICINA (KONOW, 1894) (HYM.: TENTHREDINIDAE): FIRST RECORDS FOR MAINLAND BRITAIN Rob Edmunds 32 Woodcote Green, Caithorpe Park, Fleet, Hants, GU51 4EY ( E-mail: r. edmunds @ ntlworld. com ) Abstract The first records of Scolioneura vicina (Konow, 1894) (Hymen op ter a Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) in mainland Britain, based on a leaf mines collected in Hampshire, England are presented. Records of Scolioneura vicina in England On 10 June 2008, 1 found a leaf mine on Silver Birch Betula pendula at the edge of a cleared area of woodland near Fleet, Hampshire (Vice County 12). Based on experience of working on leaf-mining sawflies with Ewald Altenhofer (EA) for the leafmine website (www.leafminesxo.uk) I suspected that this was a mine of Scolioneura vicina. I dissected out the larva at home and sent photos to EA who confirmed that it was this species. Scolioneura vicina was recently added to the British Isles list on the basis of a female specimen found in a collection in Ireland (Old Head, Co.Mayo) from 23 May Tenanted mine of Scolioneura vicina. Fleet, North Hampshire, 10 June 2008 (R. Edmunds). 130 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.vii.2008 Vacated mine of Scolioneura vicina. Fleet, North Hampshire, 16 June 2008 (R. Edmunds) Laera of Scolioneura vicina. Fleet, North Hampshire, 10 June 2008 (R. Edmunds). Ventral view. 1942 (Liston & O’Connor, 2005). The present specimen represents, as far as I am aware, the first record of this leaf-miner in Great Britain and the first record of the mine in the British Isles. A vacated mine was also found by RE on 16 June in Fleet, at another site (one mile from the original site). It contained exuviae, which allowed it to be confirmed as S. vicina by EA. SCOLIONEURA VICINA NEW TO BRITAIN 131 Recognition There are two different Scolioneura species that mine Birch (Altenhofer and Taeger, 1998). The larvae are morphologically similar - both have long, ringed thoracic legs, and variable degrees of darkening of the sclerotizations. They can appear pale when examined in the mine and can have a pale brown head, although the depth of pigmentation is variable. The morphology of the mines provides clues to their identification. S. vicina makes mines which tend to be edge mines, whereas those of S. betuleti ultimately can occupy almost the whole of the leaf. The adults are also morphologically similar, but they have different phenologies. Scolioneura vicina is an early season miner of Betula pendula and B. pubescens, with adults flying mid-May to mid-June. Scolioneura betuleti occurs later in the season with a flight period from mid- July to the start of September. Hostplants In Europe, S. vicina feeds on Betula pendula and B. pubescens , whereas S. betuleti feeds on Betula pendula , B. pubescens and Alnus viridis . The mines found in the UK were on B. pendula. EA reports that, in Austria, he also sometimes finds S. vicina on Betula papyrifera - an exotic species from North America, sometimes planted in the gardens there. Comments The distribution of records from Ireland and England would seem to indicate that S. vicina is an overlooked species in the UK, although this is the first time RE has located the species in the area where he lives, in spite of looking for it over several years. It is hoped this article will stimulate further discoveries of this leaf miner sawfly. Acknowledgements Many thanks to Dr. Ewald Altenhofer (Etzen, Austria) for his help with the identification of this miner and also for providing European mines for the leafmine website. Thanks also to EA and Andrew Liston (Frontenhausen, Germany) for their helpful comments and advice in the preparation of this article. References Altenhofer, E. & Taeger, A., 1998. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Scolioneura KONOW, 1890 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). In Taeger, A. & Blank, S. (eds). Pflanzenwespen Deutschlands ( Hymenoptera , Symphyta), Kommentierte B e stands aufnahme, 225 - 226. Liston, A. & O’Connor, J., 2005. Records of Irish sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) including eight species new to Ireland. Irish Naturalists Journal 28 (4): 159 - 161 . 132 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.vii.2008 5th EUROPEAN MOTH NIGHTS: 24 TO 28 JULY 2008 As in previous years, British Isles Lepidopterists are invited to participate in a Europe-wide a moth observation, this year to be held from 24 to 28 July 2008 at any chosen place (or places) in Europe. It is acceptable to collect in the same place every night or at one or more different places on the different nights. The project is confined to macro-moths in the traditional sense of the term (Macroheterocera) (including Hepialidae, Cossidae, Limacodidae and Psychidae). The purpose of the event is the cultivation of connections and community work and a wide-ranging European faunistic snapshot of macro-moths. As in earlier years, the results will be published. The data should be sent in the form of a list (preferably as a table in Microsoft EXCEL, though other formats will suffice), by 30 November 2008. A blank Excel spreadsheet is available at http://lepidoptera.fw.hu (click on EMN_data_table.xls and then click ‘save’). For each site on each date the following data are required • country • county • named location • height above sea-level • date • method of collecting (lamp type) • collector • Species name and number • Number of individuals It is essential that only correctly identified species are reported. If a species requires dissection for confirmation please either do the dissection or leave it offthelist). For species names, the checklist by Karshqlt & Razowski 1996 should preferably be used (with the serial number of the species) or for British recorders the Bradley (2000) checklist (including the checklist numbers, please). Numbers of each species may be given precisely or by coding as follows: x = very rare (1-5), xx = rare (6-29), xxx = frequent (30-99), xxxx = very frequent (above 100)]. Data may be submitted via the web address given above or direct to SZALKAY Jozsef, Magyar Lepkeszeti Egyestilet (Hungarian Society of Lepidopterology), Zovanyi J. u. 19/B/9, H-4033 Debrecen, Hungary (E-mail: inachis@t-online.hu). ADVANCE NOTICE: EUROPEANMOTH NIGHTS 2009 WILL BE HELD FROM 21 TO 25 MAY, INCLUSIVE NOTES 133 Was the spring of 2008 really the worst ever for moth numbers? Popular opinion has it that there are very few moths this year! Almost everyone I meet complains that the numbers of moths presenting in light traps is at an all time low - rarely did many species achieve double figures in garden moth traps during the first half of the year and July doesn’t seem a lot better! It seems useful to assess this situation to determine if it is real or perceived. Data has been gathered from my garden moth trap since the autumn of 1986 when I moved to this address (Fig. 1). This is a fairly typical, small suburban garden at the end of a cul-de-sac with a lawn, vegetable patch and flower beds. The wall of the house is clad with ivy and provides a hibemaculum for many species. The distant Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) trees, three properties away, form a linear feature known as ‘The Firs’ that is met at right angles by an old field hedge which runs towards the camera, passing to the right of the greenhouse. This hedge formed the boundary of the developed area when my house was built in the 1930s, but more recently (1960s?), new houses have been built to the right of the picture so that the hedge is now isolated. The photograph was taken in March 2008. From the first full year of trapping (1987) to 1992 and then from 2000 to 2008 counts have been made on a nightly basis on every occasion that I have either been present the following morning or else have been able to delegate counting to someone else. Figures from the first period are, unfortunately, not readily available; those from the second are discussed here. Table 1 reports the numbers of individual macro-moths caught in the garden during the three-month period of April to June for each of the nine years from 2000 to 2008. The average number of individuals caught per night has been calculated by simple division of the total number by the number of trap sessions undertaken. The numbers are, however, artificially distorted by an exceptional abundance of Agrotis exclamationis (Heart and Dart) during 2003 and, to a lesser extent, during 2001, 2006 and 2007 (see Table 2). In these years of exceptional abundance, no such alteration in the numbers of any other species was apparent. The data in Table 1 is, therefore, corrected in the right hand columns by the removal of individuals of Agrotis exclamationis. Note that there are no data for April 2004 as I was unable to ran the trap in that month; thus the overall figures for April to June 2004 are artificially low and not included in the graphs that follow. The corrected nightly numbers of individuals have been plotted as a histogram (Fig. 2). From this, it appears that the perceived decline in May to June macro-moth numbers in 2007, and again in 2008 is supported by real data. However, there were higher than usual numbers in the same period in years 2003, 2005 and 2006 and so it appears possible, from this data set, that populations might simply have been returning to their 2000 - 2002 levels. This warrants closer investigation, to determine if it is a short term variation (e.g., perhaps generalist species of parasitic Flymenoptera are having a really good year?), or a longer term trend in response to more fundamental conditions such as overall climate change. Figure 3 shows the same data plotted on a logarithmic scale. This emphasises the reduction in numbers during 2007 and 2008. A trend line has been 134 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.vii.2008 Fig.l. The survey site (see text). Fig 2. Average number of macro-moths (individuals) per night for April to June (inclusive) from 2000 to 2008 at the permanent trap in Bishops Stortford, corrected by the removal of numbers of Agrotis exclamationis. Table 1 . Summary of numbers of macro-moths caught during the period under examination in each year of the survey Year Trap Nights Cumulative April - June Average per night Corrected April - June Corrected average per night 2000 60 1705 28.4 1263 21.1 2001 72 2468 34.3 1381 19.2 2002 67 2257 33.7 1383 20.1 2003 81 4331 53.5 3016 37.2 2004 [53] [1096] [20.7] [750] [14.2] 2005 52 2395 46.1 1675 32.2 2006 57 3449 60.5 1863 32.7 2007 77 2599 33.8 1548 20.1 2008 77 1357 17.6 908 11.8 Table 2. Numbers of Agmtis exclamationis (Heart and Dart) caught in each of the three months of April, May and June for the years 2000 to 2008. Table 4: Number of macro-moth species caught in each month. NOTES 135 c co oo oo r- 00 o © © © © © © © © ► « © © © © © © © © © m n OJ Cl OJ (N June 439 1087 871 1244 296 720 1570 1015 449 May CO o CO 20 © NO o © s* a o o © © i © © o © < u © CO s ir, © »> 0© 9$ © © © © © © © © & © © © © © © © © © >* Ol OJ Ol © < Corrected average 40.2 37.1 38.9 95.0 54.0 63.3 71.0 33.1 VOZ Corrected number 603 704 855 2281 701 1012 1207 695 443 Average per night 69.5 92.2 78.5 146.9 76.7 108.3 163.4 OO 40.5 Number caught 1042 1791 1726 3525 997 1732 LLLZ 1710 892 Trap Nights «n ON 22 24 © ■ uMJ ■ .M \W< Edited by Kdiied by 1 L0BL & A. SMETANA i. LOBL & A. SMETANA !. IjOBI. & A. SMETANA Apollo Books Apollo Books Apollo Books With somewhere in the order of 100,000 species the Palaearctic coleopteran fauna is not without significance. It is rather surprising, therefore, to discover that an overview of the species, in the form of a comprehensive catalogue, has not been produced. The stated aim of this present Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera is, consequently, to provide a tool that addresses the most urgent needs of the student of Coleoptera. These it perceives as being threefold. First is the compilation of a list of names, both valid and invalid, of the taxa occurring in the region, in their verified original orthography and with the correct publication dates. Next, is a complete listing of verified references to original descriptions. Third, and finally, is information on the distributions of all of the species and their subspecies. It is perhaps the first objective that will be the most immediately useful to British coleopterists - both professional and amateur. The confusion of nomenclature that affects many groups of insects is long overdue for attention. The Catalogue is the collective work of many authors, ably edited by Lobl and Smetana. A total of eight volumes are projected; previously published are Volume 1 (Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga) in 2003 and Volume 2 (Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea) in 2004. Each volume takes the form of a stand-alone book, containing its own reference section and index, so that it is not necessary to access all volumes to interpret one on its own. Nevertheless, most serious students of the Coleoptera will surely wish to have ready access to all eight volumes for quick and easy reference and this series is one that ought to be found at least in each of the many county biological recording centres that have appeared in recent years. SCOLIONEURA VICINA NEW TO BRITAIN 207 Oxford Butterflies of India by Thomas Gay, Isaac David Kehimkar and Jagdish Punetha. 72pp., 185 x 255 mm., paperback, ISBN 978-0-19-568801-6. Oxford This small book is one of a series of ‘ Nature Guides' published by Oxford University Press in partnership with WWF- India. It is produced on low quality paper at low cost and is evidently, from its contents, aimed at complete beginners with little or no knowledge of insects. It does not even attempt to include all of the (approximately) 1500 butterflies known currently from India, but instead aims to introduce this insect group to ‘ordinary’ people. A number of photographs, some in colour, of serviceable quality for this purpose accompany introductory text for the major groups and representative species. The text is in English and I am intrigued to see that individual species have been allocated English colloquial names. My knowledge of India is rather poor, never having been there, but I suppose that this is because there are just too many languages to apply ‘Indian’ names to species? Do all potential purchasers speak English I wonder or are we still having difficulties in casting off the Empire? The Preface states that this book has been written for ‘people who enjoy the beauty of butterflies and want to know more about them’. Fine sentiments indeed, but of course ‘knowing more about them’ in a country like India, where knowledge of them is at a comparatively low level and where there may well be new species awaiting description, requires the dedicated efforts of serious entomologists - and that includes collecting specimens for scientific study. It is a pity then that the Preface goes on to say that ‘Many butterflies have been killed for cabinet collections. It is now time to study living butterflies and enjoy their loveliness as they gambol in gardens or forests’. Expressing those sentiments here in the Preface of a book that is aimed at a generally ignorant audience is in my opinion not helpful at all to butterfly conservation in India. Odd then, that in the section headed ‘Butterflies and conservation’ the authors seem to support the commercial expoitation of butterflies. They wisely acknowledge that ‘ . . . it has been found that butterfly populations can be harvested in a sustainable way, provided that the habitat is good enough’. It is a pity that habitat destruction was not selected for comment in the Preface rather than the de facto criticism of collecting - they authors could then have continued with a plea for people to take up the science of entomology (and remember, it is very largely still a science based on amateurs). Few would take up collecting as a result, but the few that do might provide the next generation of entomologists in a part of the world where they are sorely needed. 208 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 Fascinating insects. Some aspects of insect life by Pierre Jolivet and Krishna K. Verma. 310pp., 169 x 241 mm., hardbound. ISBN 954-642-242-8. Pensoft Publishers and BainBridge Books, 2005. 34.95. Available from Pensoft Publishers, Geo Milev str. 13a, Sofia 1111, Bulgaria (www.pensoft.net) or from BainBridge Books, 311 Bainbridge Street, Philadelphia, USA. A loosely structured and somewhat eclectic compilation of separate stand¬ alone essays, of varying lengths, from the pens of the two well-known and highly respected entomologist authors, this is one of those books that offers answers to many of those questions that you always wanted to ask, and several more that you never thought of asking - yet manages raise more at the same time. There are too many headings to list here - 41 in all - and so I can only pick a few that I found especially interesting for one reason or another. It was fascinating to discover that the early pioneers of the Wild West copied caterpillars under attack by parasitic wasps when they circled their wagons with the women and children in the centre (cycloalexy). Slave-making by ants is convincingly dismissed as irrelevant anthropocentric thinking (I do so like any work that challenges established opinion!). The chapter on coprophagy includes a brief comment on the relative merits of human excreta versus ‘monkey shit’ (hey - let’s call a spade a spade!) and notes that the Gorilla is the only animal that exhibits autocoprophagy. There is a serious discussion on whether or not inscets (especially mosquitoes) are able to transmit retroviruses, in particular Human Immunodefficiency Virus and an interesting experiment is postulated - though the authors do accept that testing theories on humans is not acceptable! Oh - and Torben Larsen gets a mention as a ‘butterfly hunter’ in a chapter that does not hold its punches in accusing the governments of New Zealand, Brazil, Australia, India, Costa Rica and elsewhere of hypocrisy in jailing scientists for collecting insects whilst profiteering from the sale of rain forest timber. This is a fascinating volume, full of useful information presented skillfully and not without a degree of wit in places - an invaluable reference guide for after-dinner entomological speakers. Whilst on a very few occassions it might have benefited from the attentions of a linguistic editor, this scarcely matters - indeed, the occasional grammatical faut pas inculcates a degree of charm. If you are looking for a book that combines scientific fact with renegade thinking, presented in a serious yet compellingly friendly and occasionally humourous manner then do make a note of this one in your letter to Santa this year. Continued from back cover Black V Moth Arctornis l-nigrum (Muller) (Lep.: Lymantriidae) pupa. Roy Leverton . 203 Hypena obsitalis Hb. (Lep.: Noctuidae): an observation. Leslie J. Hill . 204 Catocala fraxini L. (Lep.: Noctuidae): a third record for Lulworth, Dorset (VC9). Leslie J. Hill . . . . 204 Editorial Announcement The future of this Journal . . . 161 Eric Classey . 205 Subscriber Notices Submitting results of European Moth Nights 2008 . 205 Book Reviews Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3: Scarabaeaoidea - Scitoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleropidea - Cucujoidea Volume 5: Tenebrionoidea edited by I. Lobl & Smetana . 206 Oxford Butterflies of India edited by Thomas Gay, Isaac David Kehimkar and Jagdish Punetha . 207 Fascinating insects. Some aspects of insect life by Pierre Jolivet and Krishna K. Verma 208 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 9088 01447 6428 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION http://www.entrecord.com Papers Raspberry Clearwing moth Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801) (Lep.: Sesiidae) in South Cambridgeshire and North Hertfordshire. J. Reid . 165-170 Pherbellia (Oxytaenia) stackelbergi Elberg, 1965 (Dip.: Sciomyzidae) new to the British Isles, with comments on generic and sub-generic placement. J. Saunton, C.D. Williams, R.J. McDonnell, C. Maher, L. Knutson and M.J. Gormally . 173-177 On a new species of Eurhadinoceraea from Kyrgystan and the distribution of E. athalioides (Jakovlev, 1891) in Europe (Hym.: Tenthredinidae, Blennocampinae). Andrew D. Liston . 193-198 Notes on the genus Palpita Hiibner (Lep., Pyralidae, Pyraustinae) from Fiji, with descriptions of two new species. John Clayton . 199-203 Notes The Conservation (Natural Habitats etc) (Amendment) Regulations, 2007 . 162-164 First Cheshire (VC 58) records of Small Ranunculus Hecatera dysodea (D.&S.) (Lep.: Noctuidae). Graham Jones . 164 Cosmia trapezina L. (Lep.: Noctuidae) Comments on variation and the description of a new form from Ireland. B. K. West . 170-171 Beautiful Snout Hypena crassalis (Fabr.) (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Essex. Joe Firmin . 171 Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lep.: Lymantriidae) female in Central London. Russell Miller . 172 Daytime flight in Northern Rustic Standfussiana lucernea (L.) (Lep.: Noctuidae). Roy Leverton . 177-178 Second record of the Scarce Hook-tip, Sabra harpagula Esp. (Lep.: Frepanidae), on The Channel Islands. Philip J. L. Gould . 178 Hazards of butterfly collecting. A journey seamlessly resumed - Sierra Leone, April 2006. Torben B. Larsen . 179-181 Haphazards of Butterfly Recording - a tribute to the sumble Small White ( Pieris rapae). Eddie John . 181-183 Some notes on the territorial activity of Brown Hairstreak Thecla betulae (L.) (Lep.: Lycaenidae) in particular, its timing. Andrew Middleton and Liz Goodyear . 183-186 Orthosia cerasi (Fabr.) (Lep.: Noctuidae): variation in Kent. B. K. West . 187-188 More records of Aulagromyza luteoscutellata (de Meijere) (Dip.: Agromyzidae). Keith Palmer . 188-189 Coeliades libeon (Druce, 1875) - A migratory butterfly used as human food (Lep.: Hesperiidae). Torben B. Larsen . 189-191 Early records for Peripsocus milleri (Tillyard) (Psocoptera: Peripsocidae) - a correction. K.N.A. Alexander and R. (Bob) E. Saville . 191 Cypress Carpet Thera cupressata (Geyer) (Lep.: Geometridae) in south-east Essex. Don Down . 191-192 Nemapogon variatella (Clemens) (Lep.: Tineidae) in Oxfordshire. Ian Sims . 192 Anthophila fabriciana (L.) (Lep.: Choreutidae) in November. Dennis Kallmer . 192 Another unusual form of the Peppered Moth Biston betularia (L.) (Lep.: Geometridae). David C.G. Brown . 198 Continued on inside back cover Printed in England by Cravitz Printing Company Limited, 1 Tower Hill, Brentwood, Essex CM 14 4TA. Tel: 01277 224610 PUBLISHED BI-MONTHLY ISSN 0013-8916 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION World List abbreviation: Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. http://www.entrecord.com Editor C.W. PLANT, B.Sc., F.R.E.S. 14 West Road, Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire CM23 3QP. Telephone/Facsimile: 01279 507697 E-mail: cpaukl @ ntlworld.com Registrar Treasurer R.F. McCormick, f.r.e.s. C.C. Penney, f.r.e.s. 36 Paradise Road, 109 Waveney Drive, Springfield, Teignmouth, Devon TQM 8NR Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7QA WHERE TO WRITE EDITOR: All material for publication, including books for review and advertisements REGISTRAR: Changes of address TREASURER: Subscriptions and non-arrival of the Journal Readers are respectfully advised that the publication of material in this journal does not imply that the views and opinions expressed therein are shared by the Editor, the Entomologist’s Record Committee or any party other than the named author or authors. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation is a non profit-making journal, funded by subscription, containing peer-reviewed papers and shorter communications. It is published by the Entomologist’s Record Committee, comprising the Editor, the Registrar and the Treasurer, from the Editorial address. An Editorial Advisory Panel exists to assist the Editor in his work. The annual subscription for year 2008 is £28 for individual subscribers or £50 for institutions. INSTRUCTIONS TO CONTRIBUTORS • This journal publishes peer-reviewed papers and shorter Notes that are reviewed by the Editor. Contributions are accepted on merit, with no regard whatsoever to the occupation or standing of the author. All contributions should bear the name and postal address of the author(s), but titles or honours are not permitted and will be removed. One e-mail address may also accompany the contribution. First time authors and non-subscribers are welcome to send material for publication. We are able to include colour photographs from time to time at no cost to the author(s). Good quality monochrome photographs are always welcomed. • The journal is concerned with British Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). We also accept contributions on British Coleoptera (beetles), British Diptera (flies) and other groups at the Editor’s discretion. We also print Subscriber Notices at no cost on behalf of current subscribers; non-subscribers pay a fee for this service. We also publish Reviews of entomological books and other publications relating to all aspects of world entomology if these are sent to the Editor at no cost to him. It is our policy not to accept unsolicited book reviews from third parties. • We may also accept contributions on European insects if these are likely to be of interest to British readers, such as species likely to colonise Britain (especially where these contributions include identification keys or photographs), or accounts of entomological trips to places that may be of interest to other readers. • Papers should be at least 2000 words in length. Acceptance is not automatic. They will be peer-reviewed by two referees. Authors must be prepared to make modifications suggested by the referees. Papers must cover their subject matter to a far greater depth than Notes and should present original material or a broad-based review of existing knowledge. Descriptions of new species may be submitted. Authors of papers are expected to follow the house style and conventions as closely as possible. The Editor reserves the right to convert papers into Notes. • Notes are the meat of the journal! Most contributions will fall into this category. They will normally be less than 1500 words in length and can be very short indeed as long as the information they impart is interesting. We welcome Notes. There is no limit to how many you can contribute. Authors of Notes should try as far as possible to follow the house style and conventions, but the Editor will attend to these if errors are made. • We accept all formats from hand-written notes upwards. However, we prefer submissions via e-mail, or on CD. Files must be in a PC-compatible format that is readable by Microsoft Word. Originals are required for all photographs, drawings, diagrams, graphs, histograms and similar, though Tables may be incorporated into word processor files. For details, visit the web site or contact the Editor direct. 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 209 THE IMMIGRATION OF LEPIDOPTERA TO THE BRITISH ISLES IN 2006 Sean P. Clancy 1 Myrtle Villas, Sussex Road, New Romney, Kent. TN28 8DY E-mail: trap site @ ukonline. co. uk Abstract Formally accepted records of immigrant Lepidoptera occurring in the British Isles during the year 2006 are listed and discussed. For less frequently encountered species, full information is given in Annex 1, presented in vice-county order, the individual localities then listed alphabetically for each VC. For the more regular immigrant species, annual summaries and a selection of the more important records are presented in Annex 2. Introduction For those of us with an interest in Lepidoptera, the 2006 season will remain long in the memory. This is largely likely to be due to the record-breaking numbers and distribution of immigrant species that occurred throughout the UK during the summer and autumn months. A particularly significant element of the 2006 season was the wide-ranging nature of the occurrences of both scarce and regular immigrant species. This was not the typical concentrated influx into the extreme south-west or mid-south coast of England; in fact every part of the United Kingdom from which records were received or sourced felt the influence of immigration from continental Europe. This can perhaps be best illustrated by the comments by Stephen Palmer (county recorder for VC’s 59 and 60): Mythimna vitellina (Hb.), 1 1 records with only two records in total prior to 2006; Spodoptera exigua (Hb.), 44 records of a species averaging less than three records per annum over the previous ten years; Heliothis peltigera (D. & S.), 49 records of a species with a total of 28 Lancashire records prior to 2006; Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.), 169 records of a species with a total of just 16 records in Lancashire prior to 2006. A similar picture was seen across much of the British Isles, such as in Glamorgan (VC41) where records annual totals were recorded for Palpita vitrealis (Rossi), Macroglossum stellatarum (L.), Hyles livornica (Esp.), Peridroma saucia (Hb.), M. vitellina , Mythimna loreyi (Dup.), S. exigua and H. armigera (Gilmore, 2007). The last mentioned species, H. armigera , will be the one that many recorders will specifically identify with the 2006 season. The bare minimum total of over 11,700 adults recorded far surpassed any previous totals for this species, and many northern and inland VC’s recorded this once scarce migrant for the first time or in record numbers. Recorded totals were clearly boosted in the late summer/early autumn by locally-bred individuals but by 2007 it was clear that none had survived the winter and that long-term colonisation of Britain by this species may require a more sustained and significant change in climate. In addition to H. armigera , an unrivalled number of immigrant Lepidoptera surpassed or equalled their previous annual record totals during 2006. The following table lists the unprecedented range of immigrant species that achieved record tallies 210 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 in Britain during the 2006 season; the previous record year and annual totals are also shown as comparison and, in many cases, illustrate the magnitude of the 2006 figures compared to all previous seasons. Table 1. Immigrant species recorded in record numbers during 2006. SPECIES 2006 Total Previous Record Year(s) and Total Catoptria verellus 6 1888 (3) Uresiphita polygonalis 21 1990, 2001 (10) Psammotis pulveralis 14 1998 (14) Antigastra catalaunalis 134 2005 (10) Spoladea recurvalis 19 1995,2005 (4) Palpita vitrealis 813 2001 (200+) Cyclophora puppillaria 107 1969 (25) Idaea ochrata (migrants) 4 Singletons only Rhodometra sacraria 2744 2003 (1067) Orthonama obstipata 1185 1969 (c.500) Costaconvexa polygrammata 25 2005 (4) Macroglossum stellatarum 6586+ 2003 (5400+) Lymantria dispar (migrants) 6 1991, 1994, 2004 (4) Ochropleura leucogaster 4 2000, 2001, 2002 (3) Eurois occulta (migrants) 420 1996 (94) Mythimna loreyi 532 1992 (c.500) Trigonophora flammea 21 1990(15) Trachea atriplicis 13 2004 (9) Spodoptera exigua 5342 2003 (5201) Proxenus hospes 21 2004 (8) Helicoverpa armigera 11705 2003 (1030) Heliothis peltigera (adults) 2766 1996 (2000+) Heliothis nubigera 19 2003 (5) Eublemma parva 44 1953 (40) Eublemma purpurina 9 2004 (9) Trichoplusia ni 451 1996 (147) Macdunnoughia confusa 25 2005 (24) Syngrapha interrogationis (migrants) 98 2004(18) Catocala fraxini 22 1976 (c.20) Dysgonia algira 12 1996, 2004, 2005 (2) Pechipogo plumigeralis (migrants) 20 1996 (4) 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 211 To attempt to pick out the highlights from a season such as this is a rather subjective exercise but, in terms of rarity, the following records were the most significant of the season that were likely to be immigrant in origin: Zelleria oleastrella (Mill.), the first four British records from VC’s 1 and 9; Catoptria verellus (Zinck.), six records of a species with only two prior modern British records; Paracorsia repandalis (D. & S.), the third modern British record; Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walk.), the fourth British record and first from VC15; Hodebertia testalis (Fabr.), the first British record from VC1; Sciota rhenella (Zinck.), the second British record from VC15; Stegania trimaculata (Vill.), the second British record from VC18; Chiasmia aestimaria (Fib.), the third British record; Crocallis dardoinaria (Donzel), the first British record from VC3; Hyphoraia testudinaria (L.), the second British record from VC3; Methorasa latreillei (Dup.), the second (first modern) British record from VC15; Eucarta virgo (Treit.), the first British record from VC36; Pseudeustrotia candidula (D. & S.), the first British record, also from VC36; Aedia leucomelas (L.), the first British record from VC10. Another species that was a memorable feature of the 2006 season across Britain was Enrols occulta (L.) which arrived in large numbers across much of the British mainland from early August, two specimens reaching as far west as Ireland. Many land-locked English counties recorded this species for the first time or in unprecedented numbers, and record numbers of immigrant examples of both E. occulta and Syngrapha interrogationis (L.) occurred. The main arrivals of both these species, which probably originated from similar eastern origins, took place between 3 and 6 August, with a smaller influx during the period 13 to 17 August. The weather charts below show the general east to north-easterly airflow from the continent across Britain immediately prior to both these periods and indicate the likely points of origin of this migratory event. Figure 1. Weather system charts for 2 August 2006. Figure 2. Weather system charts for 12 August 2006. Four immigrant species have been switched from Annex 1 to Annex 2 within the current report: P vitrealis , H. livornica , M. loreyi and Trichoplusia ni (Hb.). This is due to the exceptional numbers of these species recorded in 2006, and the consequential non-specific nature of reports of these species from a number of sites. 212 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 The Annex 2 presentation of records has therefore been more appropriate for 2006, though it is anticipated these species will revert to Annex 1 categorisation in subsequent reports. Guidelines for contributors To avoid unnecessary delays in publishing future reports, it would help greatly if contributors adhere to the following guidelines: data should include the vice¬ county, recorder, stage (if not an adult), number observed, and the date. For light- trap records list the date the trap was switched on, not the date it was inspected. This is a universally accepted convention to avoid the possible duplication of records. There remains a noticeable shortage of records from more northern and inland sites submitted for the current report. Records of migrant species from such sites would be gratefully received for future reports, and the regional summaries and categories of listed records for Annex 2 species have been introduced to take account of records of this nature. County recorders not already submitting migrant data for these annual reports are keenly requested to do so, even if their respective counties are not favourably positioned to receive arrivals. Migrant records from such northern and inland sites are often more significant in showing the range and scale of immigrations of species routinely recorded from more southern, coastal locations. It should be noted that statistics relating to the total number and distribution of all records received/sourced of nocturnal Annex 2 species are now given, so please continue to submit records of all these species. It must also be stressed that it has become impossible to monitor the growing number of e-mail/website migrant forums and the posting of records on such sites will not necessarily result in their inclusion in future reports. It is therefore essential that migrant records are submitted to the relevant county recorder, published within the entomological press or sent directly to the report author. Whilst able to source information published in the entomological press, the author is greatly reliant on county recorders to submit migrant records. However, despite direct approaches being made to this end, a number of county recorders have failed to produce any information for inclusion in the following report, therefore preventing a completely comprehensive summary to be produced. Whilst additional, late records can be published in future appendices, it is always preferable that they are included within the report relating to the year of occurence. If readers have recorded (or are aware of) significant migrant records from 2006 that are not in the current report but have been submitted to the relevant county recorder, it can be assumed these have not been forwarded to the author. The author would be pleased to receive such records, whilst recorders should encourage their respective county recorders to make migrant records available for inclusion in future reports. County recorders, or those submitting large volumes of data are asked to sort their data by vice-county, species name, and then by date order. Contributions are 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 213 particularly welcome in electronic format (pref. MS Excel) to the author at the e- mail address given at the start of the report. Paper copies may also be submitted to the postal address over the page. Should readers be aware of any significant omissions or errors in this or earlier reports, these would be welcomed for inclusion in future appendices. Contributors are also requested to provide the middle initial(s) of recorders wherever possible to assist with the accreditation of records. Recent reports have been extended to include the more interesting records of adventives as these often help to establish the origin of other records or colonisations of the respective or associated species. Extralimital records of resident species that may be the result of immigration or internal vagrancy are also included in reports. Records of this nature are therefore also welcome for inclusion in future reports. The following abbreviations have been adopted since the 2002 report. These remain unaltered and exclude any variation in status found on the Channel Islands (VC113). However the categorisation of individual species is reviewed annually in the light of any recent/ongoing changes in status. A brief introductory statement has also been added to the accounts for a number of listed resident species in order to clarify the type of record that is included in these reports. Abbreviations [I] - Primary immigrant or the direct progeny of a primary immigrant. Where this is the only category given, believed to relate to a species that is unable to maintain a viable, self-sustaining resident population through a typical British winter. [In] - Introduction or importation. A species artificially introduced into Britain by man. Can include synanthropic species that are only able to sustain breeding populations in Britain under conditions that do not occur naturally. [MC] - Migrant Colonist. An immigrant species that has established extant, short¬ term breeding populations in Britain, but these believed to have been present for fewer than ten consecutive years. [R] - Resident. A species with an established breeding population in Britain, this having been present for a minimum of ten successive years. [FR] - Former Resident. A species that was formerly an established resident but has no known resident populations in Britain at the time of writing. [V] - Vagrant/wanderer. A species recorded well away from its known British breeding range, but the record most likely to have been the result of internal, domestic dispersal. Channel Islands (VC113) records are no longer included in the main species accounts due to their southerly position, locating them outside the biogeographical area of Great Britain and Ireland. This often leads to differing statuses of listed species within VC 113 and occurrence patterns of immigrant species that are not comparable with records in Great Britain and Ireland. However, records of recent colonists and rare immigrants in VC113 can be precursors of arrivals in Britain, so significant VC 113 records are given in Annex 3. 214 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 ANNEX 1: RECORDS OF SCARCER SPECIES IN 2006 TINEIDAE 0206 Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella (Mill.) [R/I/In] N. ESSEX [19] Writtle, 26.7, first VC record (RIS per BG). 0241 Tinea lanella P. & M. [In] [A record of ‘many indoors’ from Welwyn [20] (RWJU, in Langmaid & Young, 2007) has now been withdrawn by the recorder as a misidentification]. Last recorded in Britain in 1922. BUCCULATRICIDAE 0274a Bucculatrix ulmifoliae M. Hering [In?] SURREY [17] Famham Park, 15.10, tenanted and vacated mines on hybrid Ulmus trees; likely to have been imported with the foodplant. New to Britain. (Langmaid, Porter & Collins, 2007). CHOREUTIDAE 0386 Tebenna micalis (Mann) [I] W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 6.8 (Tunmore, 2007a); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 6.8 (MWS). YPONOMEUTIDAE 0424 Yponomeuta evonymella (L.) [R][I/V] A widely recorded species, most coastal records away from the larval foodplant are thought likely to relate to migrants or wanderers. A selection of submitted records most likely to relate to immigrant activity is given, though this is in no way a comprehensive summary. DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, July (20), 6.8 (MC); West Bexington, June (1), July (5) (Eden, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Funtley, 1.7 (2), 6.7, 17.7, 20.7, 21.7, 25.7 (MLO per TN); Hayling Island, June (3), July (80) (Phillips, 2007); Hum, 3.7, 13.7 (MJ per TN); Southsea, 4.7 (10), 6.7, 19.7 (5), 20.7 (4), 21.7 (3) (IRT, JRL per TN). E. KENT [15] Iwade, 1.7 - 13.8 (19) (IC); New Romney, July (62), August (4), September (2) (SPC); Ramsgate, 1.7 - 10.8 (113) (FS per IDF). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Easington, 2.7 - 23.8 (8) (MFS per BRS); Spurn, July (17), August (28) (Spence, 2007). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Baltasound, 20.8 (MP); Fair Isle, 9.8 (per NR); Scalloway, 1.8 (Anon, 2007b). 0428 Yponomeuta rorrella (Hb.) [R][V/I] Coastal records of possible immigrant examples. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 5.8 (MWS). DORSET [9] Durlston, 21.7 (12), 26.7 (PAD, in Sterling, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 21.7 (5), 22.7, 25.7 (MC); Puddletown, 16.7 - 5.8 (29) (Sterling, 2007); West Bexington, 4.7 (Sterling, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Cosham, 19.7, 20.7, 22.7, 1.8 (TJJ per TN); Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 21.7 (3), 22.7, 24.7 (3), 5.8 (AJo per TN); West Town, Hayling Island, 19.7 (GSAS per TN). E. KENT [15] New Romney, 25.7, 26.7 (SPC); Ramsgate, 26.7 (FS per IDF); West Hythe, 20.7, 25.7 (SPC). S. ESSEX [18] Maldon, 17.7, 21.7, 25.7 (SDW per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Minsmere, July (16+) (Harvey & Higgott, 2007). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles- on-Sea, 19.7 (2), 30.7 (2), 4.8, 6.8 (3), 16.8 (N. Bowman per DH); Hindolveston, 15.8 (JC per DH). MONMOUTHSHIRE [35] Dingestow, 17.7 (30) (SDSB). 0429 Yponomeuta irrorrella (Hb.) [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records of possible immigrant examples. E. KENT [15] New Romney, 19.7 (SPC). 0435a Zelleria oleastrella (Mill.) [I] W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 10.6, 11.6 (MWS, in Sterling & Parsons, 2007). DORSET [9] East Lulworth, 20.6 (MSP, in Sterling & Parsons, 2007); Weymouth, 11.6 (PHS, in Sterling & Parsons, 2007). New to Britain. 0449a Prays citri (Mill.) [In] SURREY [16] Chessington, 12.10, first VC record (JPo, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 0449b Prays peregrina Agassiz [In] W. KENT [16] Orpington, 6.9, 16.9, first VC records (M. Jordan, in Agassiz, 2007). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Barnet, 18.10, first VC record (RT, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). MIDDLESEX [21] Wood Green, 28.7 (MJA, in Agassiz, 2007). OECOPHORIDAE 0642a Metalampra italica Baldizzone [I/In/MC?] S. DEVON [3] Plympton, 24.6 (RJH, in Young, 2007). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Welwyn, undated (RWJU, in Young, 2007). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Studham, 27.6, first VC record (Langmaid & Young, 2007). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 215 ETHMIIDAE 0718 Ethmia dodecea (Haw.) [R][I/V] Coastal/extralimital records of possible immigrant examples. DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 13.7 (MC); Puddletown, 9.7, 20.7 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007); Walditch, 2.7 (2) (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Bexington, 16.6, 4.7, 14.7, 19.7, 26.7 (REd, in Sterling, 2007). E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 4.7 (NJ); Pegwell, 20.7 (Solly, 2007); Ramsgate, 6.7 (Solly, 2007). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Kate’s Bridge, 24.6, first VC record (RWG, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 0720 Ethmia bipunctella (Fabr.) [R][I][V] Records away from VC’s 14, 15 & 25 where breeding populations are present and dispersal from these is the likely source of most VC records. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 18.7, 21.7, 24.7 (Scott, 2007a). DORSET [9] Puddletown, 23.9 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Middleton-on-Sea, 25.8 (IDM, in Young, 2007). E. NORFOLK [27] Scole, 22.7, 25.8, 3.9 (M. Hall per DH). GELECHIIDAE 0825 Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.) [I][In] WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 29.9, provisionally new to Ireland (ABr, in Irish Moth and Butterfly Group, 2007); record subject to ratification by the Mothslreland Validation Committee (PMW, pers. comm.). 0850 Syncopacma polychromella (Rebel) [I?][In] DORSET [9] Puddletown, 16.6, at light, first VC record (HWH, in Sterling, 2007). 0857 Anarsia lineatella (Zell.) [I][In] S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Portsmouth, 6.7, first VC record (IRT, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). E. KENT [15] West Hythe, 25.7, second VC record (SPC). SURREY [17] Frimley, 15.7, 25.7 (RJR per JPo). BLASTOBASIDAE 0875b Hypatopa binotella (Thunb.) [R/MC/I/In?] N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Micheldever, 18.7, new to Britain (BE, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). COSMOPTERIGIDAE 0896b Cosmopterix pulchrimella Stt. [MC][I] ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Shanklin, 22.12, larval mines (DTB per TN); Ventnor, 27.12, larval mines (DTB per TN), first VC records. TORTRICIDAE 0955 Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hb.) [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records of possible immigrant examples. DORSET [9] Durlston, 5.8 (3) (PAD, in Sterling, 2007). 0964 Aethes fennicana (M.Hering) [R/I] N. ESSEX [19] Writtle, 19.8, new to Britain (RIS per BG). 0993a Clepsis coriacana (Rebel) [I/In?] BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Ampthill, 13.8 - 9.9 (singleton in RIS light-trap), new to Britain (Manning, 2007). 1052 Acleris umbrana (Hb.) [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records of possible immigrant examples. E. CORNWALL [2] Downderry, 18.1 (SCM per LACT). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 17.10, first modem county record (DEB per SPC). 1065 Celypha rufana (Scop.) [R][I/V] Extralimital records of possible immigrant examples. DORSET [9] Motcombe, late June, first VC record (PNB, gen. det. PHS, in Sterling, 2007). CHESHIRE [58] Appleton Thom, 4.6, first VC record (Hind, 2007). 1166 Zeiraphera griseana (Hb.) [R][I/V] Coastal records away from suitable breeding habitat. DORSET [9] Weymouth, 4.7 (PHS, in Sterling, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 18.7 (SPC); New Romney, 21.7, 24.7, 26.7 (SPC); West Hythe, 20.7, 25.7 (SPC). 1112a Bactra venosana (Zell.) [I?] WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 22.9, new to Britain (Bryant & Bond, 2008). 216 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 1181 Epiblema grandaevana (Lien. & Zeil.) [I][In][FR][MC?] N.E. YORKSHIRE [62] Marske, 17.6, first modern VC record (HEB, in Young, 2007). 1262 Cydia amplana (Hb.) [I] Total no. reported: 42 By vice-county: 1 (2), 3 (3), 9 (14), 11 (16), 14 (1), 15 (4), 25 (1), 27 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 25.7 (Davis, 2007); Mylor Churchtown, 15.8 (JBC, in Davis, 2007). S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 27.8 (BPH); Noss Mayo, 12.8 (2) (BPH, RFM). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 19.7, 21.7, 22.7, 25.7, 26.7 (MC); Preston, 19.7, 25.7 (MFo, RLa, in Sterling, 2007); Puddletown, 27.8 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007); Trigon, 12.8 (CMM, in Sterling, 2007); Walditch, 25.7 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Bexington, 18.8 (Eden, 2007); Weymouth, 20.7, 22.7, 29.7 (PHS, in Sterling, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Botley Wood, 25.8 (3) (RJD, MLO, KW et al. per TN); Chandler’s Ford, 18.8 (BE per TN); Hengistbury Head, 8.8 (MJ, in Sterling, 2007); Horsea Island, 21.7 (2) (MLO, RJD et al. per TN); Hum, 1.8, 5.8, 24.8 (2) (MJ, in Sterling, 2007); Pennington, 7.8, 13.8, 24.8, 27.8 (RBW, RCo per TN); Portchester, 25.7 (J. Stokes per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Crawley Down, 3.9 (JHC). E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 31.7, 26.8 (JO per SPC); Lydd, 23.8 (KRe per SPC); Ramsgate, 25.8 (Solly, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Hollesley, 26.8 (Deans, 2007a). E. NORFOLK [27] Walsey Hills, 29.7, first VC record (Langmaid & Young, 2007). ■ v. '. ' ■ ' • ' '' - . . I ■III 1 _ _ J I II II 1 1 II 1 1 || 1-Jul 11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug 09-Sep 1 9-Sep 29-Sep Figure 3, Occurrence times of Cydia amplana during 2006. PYRALIDAE 1289 Euchromius ocellea (Haw.) [1] Total no. reported: 13 By vice-county: 1 ( 1 ), 3 ( 1 ), 9 (4), 11 ( 1 ), 14 ( 1 ), 25 ( 1 ), 38 ( 1 ), 54 ( 1 ), 59 ( 1), 112 ( 1 ). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 2.10 (Tunmore, 2007a). S. DEVON [3] West Hill, 23.9 (PJB, in Young, 2007). DORSET [9] Milton-on-Stour, 13.9 (JHB, in Sterling, 2007); Puddletown, 28.7, 13.9 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007); Walditch, 13.9 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Portsmouth, 22.9 (IRT, in Young, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven, 11.10 (CRP). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 29.9, first VC record (MJD, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Royal Leamington Spa, 16.9, first VC record (M. Kennard, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Osgodby Moor, nr. Market Rasen, 14.9, first VC record (CS, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Fowley Common, Culcheth, 20.9, first VC record (JDW, in Palmer, 2007a). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Ocraquoy, 22.9 (Anon., 2007b). 1291 Haimbachia cicatricella (Hb.) [I][MC?] E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 25.7 (JO); Greatstone, 19.7, 6.8 (JJo). 1296 Crambus silvella (Hb.) [R][I/V] Coastal/extralimital records that may refer to immigrant examples. DORSET [9] East Holme, 4.8 (J. Cox, in Sterling, 2007); Wyke Regis, 6.8 (DF, in Sterling, 2007). E. KENT [15] New Romney, 29.7, first VC record [date incorrectly given as 29.6 in Young, 2007] (AMT, SPC). 1300 Crambus pratella (L.) [R][I/V] Records from southern England of possible immigrant examples. DORSET [9] Durlston, 25.7 (PAD, in Sterling, 2007); Shapwick, 2.7 (PAD, in Sterling, 2007). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 217 Figure 4. Occurrence times of Euchromius ocellea during 2006. 1317 Catoptria verellus (Zinck.) [I] ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 18.7 (not 13.7 as given in Knill-Jones, 2007b), first VC record (JH). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 2.7 (AJo). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 2.7, first VC record (KNA). E. KENT [15] Barham, 9.7 (AGJB); Littlestone, 2.7 (KRe); Lydd, 2.7 (CT). 1356a Evergestis limbata (L.) [R][V/I] An established resident in VC’s 10, 11, 13, 14 & 15; records only listed outside these VC’s, but most likely to relate to range spread. S. DEVON [3] Holcombe, 14.7 (RFM); Kingsteignton, 6.7, 20.7 (B. King per RFM); Teignmouth, 7.9 (RFM). DORSET [9] Cold Harbour, 9.7 (BW, in Sterling, 2007); East Lulworth, 20.7 (MSP, in Young, 2007); Weymouth, 18.6 (PH, in Sterling, 2007). N. ESSEX [19] Kirby-le-Soken, 25.6, 6.7 (2), 21.7 (2), first VC records (PBe per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 23.6, first VC record (MJD, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1357 Evergestis extimalis (Scop.) [R][I][V] An established resident in parts of southern England and East Anglia, recorded more sporadically elsewhere, and consequently records have not been included in 2006 from VC’s 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27 and 28. The following records are from areas where resident populations are not currently known, and are likely to relate to immigrant or vagrant examples. W. CORNWALL [1] Mylor Churchtown, 3.9 (JBC). S. DEVON [3] Maidencombe, 6.8 (per BFS); Paignton, 21.7, 24.7 (M. Edmonds per RFM); Prawle Point, 10.6 (I. Lakin, K. Rylands per RFM); Uplyme, 11.6, 26.8 (AK per RFM). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 12.6, 16.6, 3.7, 4.7, 3.9, 4.9 (2), 6.9, 10.9, 11.9, 12.9, 20.9 (MC); West Bexington, June (1), July (1), September (1) (Eden, 2007); VC total: 23 (Sterling, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 22.8 (JH). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 24.8 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007); Southsea, 22.7, 29.7 (IRT per TN). 1360 Hellula undalis (Fabr.) [I] Total no. reported: 18 By vice-county: 1 (12), 3 (1), 9(1), 12 (1), 25 (1), 59 (1), H6 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 28.9 (2), 7.10 (Tunmore, 2007a); Cury, The Lizard, 25.9 (FTJ); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 27.9, 27.10, 28.10 (Scott, 2007a); IOS: St Agnes, 18.10, 19.10 (2) (DGr); Maenporth, 24.9, 19.10 (Davis, 2007). S. DEVON [3] Uplyme, 9.10 (AK). DORSET [9] Puddletown, 23.9 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Crawley, 12.10 (RAB). E. SUFFOLK [25] Landguard, 14.9 (Odin, 2007). S. LANCASHIRE [59] St Helens, 29.9, first VC record (DO, in Palmer, 2007a). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 24.9, provisionally new to Ireland (Bryant & Walsh, 2007); record subject to ratification by the Mothslreland Validation Committee (PMW, pers. comm.). 1368 Loxostege sticticalis (L.) [I][FR] Total no. reported: 36 By vice-county: 1 (21), 2 (5), 5 (1), 9 (4), 14 (1), 15 (2), 16 (1), 27 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 2.9, 3.9, 6.9, 15.9 (Tunmore, 2007a); Cury, The Lizard, 31.8, 1.9, 4.9, 5.9 (FTJ); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 25.7, 28.8,31.8,7.9, 9.9, 11.9 (3), 12.9, 13.9, 17.9, 218 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 23.9 (MWS); IOS: St Mary’s, 23.9, by day (Scott, 2007a). E. CORNWALL [2] Penlee, 6.9, 10.9 (by day) (TS, LACT); Rame Head, 11.9 (by day) (LACT); Torpoint, 3.9, 6.9 (AP per LACT); first VC records. S. SOMERSET [5] Wiveliscombe, 12.9 (PTe per MY). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 26.7, 1.9, 4.9 (Cade, 2007); Swanage, 7.7 (D. Leadbetter, in Sterling, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 12.9 (DNB per CRP). E. KENT [15] Greatstone, 29.9 (BBa); Kingsgate, 9.9, by day (FS). W. KENT [16] Grain, 19.8 (AGJB per IDF). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea, 26.7 (Bowman, 2007). : : • . . II 16-Aug 26-Aug 05-Sep 15-Sep 25-Sep OS-Oct 15-Oct 25-Oct 04-Nov 14-Nov Figure 5. Occurrence times of Hellula undalis during 2006. | '"V- . . ■ . . . . . . . . ■ ■ . ...... •' " : ' ' ' ' / ■ ' . ' .. '. ' • . . : , ..' 1 1 mm i ■ .. 1 i i Ol-Jul 11-Jul 21-Ju! 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug 09-Sep 19-Sep 29-Sep Figure 6. Occurrence times of Loxostege sticticalis during 2006. 1369 Uresiphita polygonalis (D. & S.) [I] Total no. reported: 21 By vice-county: 1 (9), 3 (1), 5 (1), 9 (5), 11 (1), 25 (1), 41 (1), 112 (1), H6 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] Coverack, The Lizard, 24.9 (DCGB); Cury, The Lizard, 26.9 (FTJ); IOS: St Mary’s, 23.9 (2), 25.9, 27.9, 7.10, 18.10 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth, 17.10 (Davis, 2007). S. DEVON [3] West Hill, 23.9 (PJB, in Young, 2007). S. SOMERSET [5] Bathealton, 10.10 (PTe per MY). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 21.9, 24.9, 28.9, 10.10 (Cade, 2007); Weymouth, 23.9 (MFo). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Langstone, 25.10 (JN, in Phillips, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Landguard, 30.9 (Odin, 2007). GLAMORGAN [41] Kenfig, 23.9 (Gilmore, 2007). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Bressay, 17.7 (found indoors), new to Scotland (Anon, 2007b). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 18.10, provisionally new to Ireland (Bryant & Walsh, 2007); record subject to ratification by the Mothslreland Validation Committee (PMW, pers. comm.). 15-Aug 25-Aug 04-Sep 1 4-Sep 24-Sep 04-Oct 1 4-Oct 24-Oct 03-Nov 1 3-Nov Figure 7. Occurrence times of Uresiphita polygonalis during 2006 (excluding VC112 record). [Following wide consultation, a record of a Uresiphita species from Westonzoyland [6] on 23.9 (co-inciding with a significant arrival of U. polygonalis) and initially published as the first UK record of the Nearctic species U. reversalis (Davis & Miller, 2007), has been excluded from this report.] This is due to the uncertainties about both the validity of this species and the identification of this specimen that have been expressed by a number of authorities, including those involved in the original identification. The specimen was retained but, in the author’s opinion, until or unless the initial identification has been confirmed through dissection or DNA analysis, the record of U. reversalis from VC6 should be retracted. 1370 Sitochroa palealis (D. & S.) [I/V][R] Coastal/extralimital records that may relate to immigrant examples. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 21.7, 25.7 (Scott, 2007a). S. DEVON [3] Dartmouth, 3.7 (4) (I. Lakin, K. Rylands per RFM); Topsham, 2.8 (TW per RFM); Torquay, 4.8 (WD per RFM). DORSET [9] Cold Harbour, 30.7 (Sterling, 2007); Durlston, 21.7 (8), 25.7 (32), 26.7 (4), 5.8 (19, inc. 10 by day) (PAD, in Sterling, 2007); Preston, 19.7 (2), 22.7, 2.8 (Sterling, 2007); Puddletown, 26.7 (Sterling, 2007); West Bexington, 12.7, 18.7, 19.7, 6.8, 8.8, 13.8 (Sterling, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 7.7 (Knill-Jones, 2007a). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, 22.7 (Hunter, 2007). E. KENT [15] Iwade, 23.7, 27.7 (IC); West Hythe, 26.7 (JHC). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 27.7 (BRS). 1372 Paracorsia repandalis (D. & S.) [I] DORSET [9] Shapwick, 14.10 (PAD). 1374a Sclerocona acutellus (Evers.) [In][I?] S. DEVON [3] Woodbury Salterton, 9.6 (per RFM, in Young, 2007). 1375 Ostrinia nubilalis (Hb.) [R][I][V] An established resident in south-east England, recently extending its range westward and northward, and consequently records have not been included in the current report from the southern and eastern seaboard counties between VC’s 9 & 25, and inland to VC’s 12, 16 & 17. The following records are probably the result of internal range expansion, although fresh immigration from the continent is a possibility, particularly for the more coastal records. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 2.7, 4.7, 5.7, 21.7, 25.7, 3.9, 16.9 (MWS); Maenporth, July (5) (Davis, 2007); Mylor Churchtown, 9.7, 17.7, 19.7, 27.7, 12.9 (JBC); Poltesco, 19.7 (FTJ); The Lizard, July (12), September (2) (Tunmore, 2007a). E. CORNWALL [2] Downderry, 10.9 (SCM per LACT); Torpoint, 10.9 (AP per LACT). S. DEVON [3] 20 VC records, no details supplied (per RFM). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Harpenden, 28.9 (RIS per PJLG). MIDDLESEX [21] Buckingham Palace gardens, 4.7 (Freed, 2007); Bushy Park, 24.6 (THF). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea, 22.7, 11.9 (Bowman, 2007); Filby, 15.9 (DH); Hindolveston, 23.9 (JC per DH); North Walsham, 10.7, 14.9 (per DH); Scole, 12.6, 2.7, 22.7, 24.7, 12.9 (M. Hall per DH). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Frampton, 16.6 (P. French per CS). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Muckton, 13.9 (GW per CS). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 2.7 (3) (BRS). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [64] Laver Banks, Ripon, 5.7, first VC record (CHF, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 220 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 1383 Psammotis pulveralis (Hb.) [I] Total no. reported: 14 By vice-county: 1 (1), 9 (4), 10 (3), 11 (1), 14 (1), 15 (4). W. CORNWALL [1] Mylor Churchtown, 19.7 (JBC). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 19.7 (2) (Cade, 2007); Weymouth, 20.7 (PHS); Wyke Regis, 19.7 (DF). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 20.7 (2), 23.7 (Knill-Jones, 2007a). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Southsea, 27.7 (IRT per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Winchelsea, 22.7 (JEC, J. Spence per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 5.7 (JO); Lydd-on-Sea, 19.7 (DBe); Pegwell, 21.7, 24.7 (Solly, 2007). Figure 8. Occurrence times of Psammotis pulveralis during 2006. 1396 Mecyna flavalis (D. & S.) [R][V/I] DORSET [9] Weymouth, 17.8 (MFo, in Sterling, 2007). 1400 Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) [I] Total no. reported: 134 By vice-county: 1 (5), 2 (1), 3 (5), 5 (1), 9 (36), 10 (4), 11 (5), 13 (5), 14 (9), 15 (32), 17 (1), 18 (11), 25 (4), 27 (1), 28 (1), 31 (1), 32 (1), 37 (1), 41 (2), 53 (1), 55 (2), 58 (1), 59 (1 ), H6 (1), H12 (2). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 24.9, 27.9, 18.10 (Scott, 2007a); IOS: Troy Town, St Agnes, 16.10 (Davison, 2007); Maenporth, 27.9 (Davis, 2007). E. CORNWALL [2] Cotehele, 24.9 (RIS per PJLG). S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 23.9 (2) (BPH); Buckland Abbey, 23.9 (T. Sleep per RFM); Uplyme, 23.9 (2) (AK). S. SOMERSET [5] Closworth, 23.9 (JA per MY). DORSET [9] Chilfrome, 23.9 (3) (S. Philp, in Sterling, 2007); nr. Colehill, 23.9 (PNB, in Sterling, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 12.9 (3), 13.9 (4), 14.9 (3), 27.9 (Cade, 2007); Preston, 23.9 (2) (RLa, MFo, in Sterling, 2007); Puddletown, 13.9, 22.9, 23.9 (6), 24.9 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007); Swanage, 12.9 (SN, in Sterling, 2007); Walditch, 21.9 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Bay, 24.9 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Bexington, 22.7, 16.9, 23.9 (Eden, 2007); Weymouth, 13.9, 25.9 (PH, PHS, in Sterling, 2007); Wyke Regis, 14.9, 20.9 (DF, in Sterling, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 14.9, 23.9, 25.9, 13.10 (Knill- Jones, 2007a). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Fareham, 10.10 (KW per TN); Langstone, 25.10 (JN, in Phillips, 2007); Leigh Park, 16.9 (B. Collins per TN); Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 22.10 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007); Southsea, 23.9 (JRL per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 14.9, 17.9, 16.10 (2), 22.10 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 20.9, 25.9, 28.9 (2) (DNB per CRP); Hurst Green, 14.9 (M. Phillips per CRP); Icklesham, 23.9 (DNB, in Hunter, 2007); Peacehaven, 14.9 (2), 16.9 (Pratt, 2007); first VC records. E. KENT [15] Biddenden, 21.9, 28.9 (SJB); Densole, 15.9 (TR, in Young, 2007); Dymchurch, 13.9 (2), 15.9 (4), 16.9, 17.9, 20.9 (2), 23.9 (3), 24.9 (3), 28.10 (JO), 29.9 (N. Gill); Greatstone, 15.9, 16.9 (JJo); Kingsdown, 23.9 (NJ); Kingsgate, 22.9 (Solly, 2007); New Romney, 14.9, 23.9, 24.9, 2.10 (KRe); Orlestone Forest, 25.9, by day (JO); Pegwell, 13.9 (Solly, 2007); St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 23.9 (AJM). SURREY [17] Barnes, 23.9, first VC record (MRH, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 13.9, 14.9, 16.9, 17.9, 21.9 (2), 23.9 (2), 24.9, 11.10 (Dewick, 2007); Maldon, 21.9 (R. Neave per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 15.9 (Deans, 2007a); Dunwich, 14.9 (Moore, 2007); Landguard, 21.9 (Odin, 2007); Reydon, 16.9 (A. Cornish per AWP); first VC records. E. NORFOLK [27 1 Eccles-on-Sea, 21.9 (N. Bowman, in Langmaid & Young, 2007); first VC records. W. NORFOLK [28 [ Brancaster Staithe, 17.9, first VC record (KH, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 221 HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Folksworth, 29.7, first VC record (AF, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Wellingborough, 15.9, first VC record (DL, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). WORCESTERSHIRE [37] Drakes Broughton, 22.9, first VC record (KMc, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). GLAMORGAN [41] Cwm Ivy, 12.9, 15.9, new to Wales (Gilmore, 2007). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Broadholme, Lincoln, 26.9, first VC record (MG, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Braunstone, 25.9 (MPS per APR); Lyddington, 28.9 (DFL per APR); first VC records. CHESHIRE [58] Alsager, 26.9, first VC record (MD, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Fowley Common, Culcheth, 22.9, first VC record (JDW, in Palmer, 2007a). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 24.9, first VC record (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). WEXFORD [H12] Bamland, nr. Gorey, 24.9 (2) (MO’D per PMW). : . : . | . j . ■ ■ . 1 i ' : ■' | ' ' 7 V: - ' ■ '■ ' ' ' ' ■: - : i ; 1 L i I - iU — « - , - , - , - . - 1 ill Hill n _ 138 ,1. , 1 S . 1, . g-J . - 15-Jul 25-Jul 04-Aug 14-Aug 24-Aug 03-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 03-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct Figure 9. Occurrence times of Antigastra catalaunalis during 2006. ' 1 j i|ii!K i||| ■ iiiiiiiBi i ||| liHlill ■ ■ ■ ■■ ■ ■ " ■ ■ . : : |j III - iLiil - T - , - r - r - T - T - T - ill- 1 6-Jul 26-Jul 05-Aug 15-Aug 25-Aug 04-Sep 14-Sep 24-Sep 04-Oct 1 4-Oct 24-Oct Figure 10. Occurrence times of Diasemiopsis ramburialis in 2006. 1403 Diasemiopsis ramburialis (Dup.) [I] Total no. reported: 32 By vice-county: 1 (1), 3 (1), 9 (8), 11 (3), 13 (4), 14 (6), 15 (5), 17 (1), 25 (3). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 21.7 (Scott, 2007a). S. DEVON [3] Uplyme, 12.10 (AK). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 23.7, 24.7, 12.10 (Cade, 2007); Puddletown, 10.10 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007); Studland, 13.10 (CMM, in Sterling, 2007); West Bexington, 25.7, 11.10 222 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 (Eden, 2007); Weymouth, 12.10 (PH, in Sterling, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Fareham, 9.10 (KW per TN); Funtley, 12.10 (MLO per TN); Lymington, 10.10 (AJP, in Young, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring, 17.10, 24.10 (THF per CRP); Walberton, 25.10, 28.10 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 10.10, 13.10 (DNB); Icklesham, 28.10 (2) (IDH per CRP); St Leonards, 13.10 (SAR per CRP); Wadhurst, 9.10 (AECA per CRP). E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 9.10, 10.10, 11.10, 19.10 (NJ); Lydd-on- Sea, 29.10 (DBe). SURREY [17] Ockley, 28.10 (WA per JPo). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich Heath, 13.10, 23.10 (Moore, 2007); Landguard, 24.10 (Odin, 2007). 1403a Duponchella fovealis (Zell.) [I] [In] Total no. reported: 14 By vice-county: 9 (1), 11 (2), 15 (1), 17 (1), 19 ( 1 ), 20 (1), 27 (1), 45 (1 ), 48 ( 1), 59 (1), 60 (2), 91 (1). DORSET [9] Weymouth, 5.9, at light (PHS, in Sterling, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Bartley, 24.2, indoors (G. Bailey, R. Green per TN); Southsea, 6.9, at light (JRL per TN). E. KENT [15] Westgate, 22.9, at light (re-trapped 25.9) (Solly, 2007). SURREY [17] Leatherhead, 28.8 (at lighted window), first VC record (D. Gardner, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). N. ESSEX [19] Kirby-le-Soken, 23.9 (PBe per BG). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Bishops Stortford, 21.10 (JF per CWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on- Sea, 14.9, at light (Bowman, 2007). PEMBROKESHIRE [45] Llanfihangel Tal-y-llyn, 26.1, first VC record (D. Morgan, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Trawscoed, 18.7, indoors, first VC record (ANG, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Parr, 22.7 (Palmer, 2007c). W. LANCASHIRE [60] Bispham, 11.11 (2) (Palmer, 2007c). KINCARDINESHIRE [91] Inchmarlo, January, dead indoors, first VC record (C. Holmes, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1404 Spoladea recurvalis (Fabr.) [I] Total no. reported: 19 By vice-county: 1 (4), 3 ( 1 ), 9 (7). 13 ( 1 ), 14 (2), 15 (2), 21 ( 1 ), 50 ( 1 ). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: St Agnes, 18.10 (DGr); IOS: St Mary’s, 10.10 (TJT), 28.10 (MWS); Maenporth, 17.10 (GD). S. DEVON [3] Uplyme, 12.10 (AK). DORSET [9] Durlston, 28.10 (3) (PAD, JHC); Portland Bird Observatory, 9.10, 25.10 (MC); Puddletown, 17.10 (HWH); West Blagdon, 17.10 (DGG, in Sterling, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Horsham, 20.10 (SB). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 28.9, 18.10 (DNB). E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 21.10, 26.10 (NJ). MIDDLESEX [21] Barnet, 28.10, first VC record (Terry, 2006). DENBIGHSHIRE [50] Wern, 16.10, new to Wales (P. Rathbone). j ]j Ol-Sep 11-Sep 21 -Sep O1-Oct 1 1-Oct 21-Oct 31-Oct 10-Nov 20-Nov 30-Nev Figure 11. Occurrence times of Spoladea recurvalis in 2006. 1406a Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walk.) [I] E. KENT [15] Lydd, 1 1.10, first VC record (CT per SPC). 1408a Hodebertia testalis (Fabr.) [I] W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 17.10, new to Britain (MWS). 1410 Agrotera nemoralis (Scop.) [R][V/I] W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 1 1 .6, first VC record (JTR per CRP). 1411a Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. [In] E. SUFFOLK [25] Rushmere St Andrew, 16.9, first VC record (JBH, det. MRH, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 223 1412a Conogethes punctiferalis (Guen.) [In] [Probable larvae of this species were intercepted at Birmingham Airport in July on Guava Psidium guajava fruit imported from India; these failed to be reared to adulthood so the identification could not be confirmed (per C. Malumphy, via MSP).] 1420 Aglossa caprealis (Hb.) [R/FR][I/In] E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 17.7, first VC record in over fifty years (NJ per SPC). 1435 Conobathra tumidana (D. & S.) [I] Total no. reported: 13 By vice-county: 1 (1), 9 (4), 13 (1), 15 (7). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 4.7 (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Durlston, 21.7 (SN, in Sterling, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 5.7, 18.7 (Cade, 2007); Wyke Regis, 4.7 (DF, in Sterling, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 25.7 (JTR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Littlestone, 3.8 (KRe); New Romney, 16.7 (SPC); Pegwell, 19.7, 20.7 (2), 21.7, 24.7 (Solly, 2007). 1436 Conobathra repandana (Fabr.) [R][I/V] Coastal/extralimital records away from suitable breeding habitat. W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 4.7 (Tunmore, 2007a). E. KENT [15] Greatstone, 2.7 (4), 23.7 (Do, BBa); Littlestone, 2.7 (KRe); New Romney, 2.7, 5.7, 9.7 (SPC, KRe). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 20.7 (2) (Spence, 2007). 1441 Oncocera semirubella (Scop.) [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records of probable immigrant/vagrant examples. BERKSHIRE [22] Maidenhead, 30.6 (B. Clark per MCH). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 21.9 (Deans, 2007a); Dunwich Heath, 22.7 (Moore, 2007). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 24.7, first VC record (TJT, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1447 Sciota hostilis (Steph.) [I][R] E. SUSSEX [14) Rye Harbour, 13.6 (Bentley, 2007). [A record of S. hostilis published in Jarman (2007) is erroneous, the specimen concerned subsequently having been re-identified as S. rhenella (see below).] 1447a Sciota adelphella (Fisch.) [R][V/I] Records away from VC’s 15 & 25 where breeding populations are present and dispersal from these is the likely source of most VC records. DORSET [9] Wyke Regis, 29.6, first VC record (DF, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). W. KENT [16] Grain, 4.7 (2), 5.7 (AGJB per IDF). 1447b Sciota rhenella (Zinck.) [I] E. KENT [15] St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 8.7, second British record (AJM per SPC, gen. det. MSP, DJLA). 1449 Elegia simileUa (Zinck.) [R][I/V] Coastal records away from known populations that may relate to immigrants. W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 29.6 (Davis, 2006a). DORSET [9] Southwell, Portland, 24.6 (Cade, 2006); West Bexington, 24.6 (Eden, 2006); Weymouth, 16.7 (PH, in Sterling, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Highcliffe, 19.6, 23.6 (RCh, in Sterling, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Minsmere, 18.7, first VC record (JBH, JRL, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). R 1450 Ortholepis betulae (Goeze) [R][I/V] Coastal records away from known populations that may relate to immigrants. DORSET [9] Puddletown, 29.6 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007). 1451a Etiella zinckenella (Treits.) [I][In] MIDDLESEX [21] Hornsey, 27.7, 8.8, adults in a light-trap, likely to be associated with an importation of the early stages in food produce [latter record incorrectly dated as 8.9 in Ashby (2006) and Langmaid & Young (2007)]; first VC records (MJA per CWP). 1454 Dioryctria abietella (D. & S.) [R][I][V] Coastal records away from suitable breeding habitat that may relate to immigrants. SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 15.9, 17.9 (6) (Anon., 2007b); Fair Isle, 17.9 (per NF); Ocraquoy, 17.9 (Anon., 2.007b). WATERFORD [H6] Brownstown Head, 10.6, first VC record (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). 1454b Dioryctria sylvestrella (Ratz.) [MC][I][V] Now breeding locally in southern and south-east England, the following coastal or extralimital records may relate to fresh immigration or internal vagrancy. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 17.8 (MWS); Maenporth, 2.7 (GD); first VC records. S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 4.7 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007); West Town, Hayling 224 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 Island, 28.7 (GSAS, in Phillips, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 23.7 (DW); Greatstone, 4.7 (2) (BBa); Kingsdown, 20.7, 21.7, 7.8 (NJ); Pegwell, 22.7 (Solly, 2007). CARMARTHENSHIRE [44] Pembrey Forest, 3.7, first VC record (JSB, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [64] Ellington Banks, 26.8 (4) (CHF et al., det. HEB). 1461a Eccopisa effractella Zell. [I] E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 14.9, first VC record (DW; det. MSP, SPC). 1464 Gymnancyla canella (D. & S.) [R][V/I] Extralimital/coastal records with a potentially immigrant origin. W. CORNWALL [1] Poltesco, The Lizard, 19.7, first VC record (FTJ). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 16.7, 22.7, 24.7, 25.7, 26.7 (MC); West Bexington, 21.7 (Eden, 2007); Weymouth, 20.7 (2) (PHS, in Sterling, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 20.7 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007). W. KENT [ 16] Grain, 3.7, first VC record (AGJB, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1464a Zophodia grossulariella (Hb.) [I][In] E. NORFOLK [27] Scole, 22.6, first VC record (M. Hall, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1465 Nephopterix angustella (Zell.) [R][V/I] Extralimital/coastal records with a potentially immigrant origin. W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 19.8 (Davis, 2007). S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 4.9 (BPH, in Young, 2007); Teignmouth, 13.9 (RFM, in Young, 2007). DORSET [9] Walditch, 8.8, 28.10, 30.10 (MSP). E. SUFFOLK [25] Blythburgh, 17.10 (DEW). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Old Sulehay Forest, 5.9, first VC record (R. Follows, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1467 Ancylosis ohlitetta (Dup.) [R][I/V] Extralimital/coastal records with a potentially immigrant origin. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 6.8, 19.8, 27.8 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth, 27.7 (Davis, 2007). N. DEVON [4] Instow Barton, 18.8 (3), first VC record (SDB, RJH, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 25.6 (2), 29.6, 30.6, 1.7 (2), 2.7 (22), 3.7 (10), 4.7 (2), 5.7 (2), 6.7, 7.7, 13.7, 18.7, 26.7, 3.8, 4.8 (3), 5.8, 6.8 (3), 7.8 (2), 8.8, 12.8, 13.8, 14.8 (3), 17.8 (3), 18.8, 19.8, 20.8, 22.8 (2), 25.8, 3.9 (MC); Walditch, 5.7, 7.7, 7.8 (MSP); West Bexington, June (4), August (44) (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 1.7, 2.7 (2), 3.7, 5.8 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island, July (2), August (4) (Phillips, 2007). E. KENT [15] Kingsgate, 19.8 (Solly, 2007); Pegwell, 24.8 (Solly, 2007); Ramsgate, 10.8 (Solly, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 1.8, 7.8 (Deans, 2007a). CARMARTHENSHIRE [44] Rhydcymerau, 13.9, first VC record (M. Lovell, det. JSB, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 24.9, first VC record (ABr). 1475 Ephestia kuehniella (Zell.) [In][I] W. SUSSEX [13] Hassocks, from 3.10, breeding population in pet food (D. Dey). DORSET [9] West Bexington, 1.7, at light (Eden, 2007). 1478b Vitula biviella (Zell.) [MC][V/I] A local resident in VC15 where it has undergone progressive range spread since its discovery. Records only listed from outside this VC but most likely to relate to domestic dispersal. W. KENT [16] Beckenham, 14*7, 20.7 (GH per SPC). E. SUFFOLK [25] Rushmere St Andrew, 19.7, first VC record (JBH, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1479 Plodia interpunctella (Hb.) [In] W. SUSSEX [13] Hassocks, 10.10, indoors (D. Dey). E. KENT [15] New Romney, a colony (AMT); Ramsgate, 21.9, at light (Solly, 2007). SURREY [17] Chobham, 30.8, 10.9, indoors (PRW per JPo); New Haw, 9.6 - 5.10, colony (PRW per JPo). CHESHIRE [58] Rope, Crewe, 3.6, at light (Hind, 2007). RENFREWSHIRE [76] Bambrock, 3.9, first VC record (NG, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1480 Homoeosoma nebulella (D. & S.) [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records that may refer to immigrants. DORSET [9] Puddletown, 23.6, 25.7, 28.7, 5.8 (HWH, in Sterling, 2007); Wyke Regis, 13.6 (DF, in Sterling, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 20.7 (2) (Spence, 2007). PTEROPHORIDAE 1492 Oxyptilus laetus (Zell.) [I] W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 27.7 (GD, gen. det. F. Smith). 1496 Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla (D. & S.) [R][I/V] Coastal/extralimital records that may relate to immigrants. E. KENT [15] Folkestone, 19.7, 26.7 (TR, in Young, 2007); Kingsdown, 18.7 (NJ); New Romney, 5.7 (AMT per SPC). W. SUFFOLK [26] Cavenham Heath, 15.7, first VC record (AWP, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 225 PAPILIONIDAE 1539 Papilio machaon (L.) Swallowtail [R][I][In?] Total no. immigrant adults reported: 32 By vice-county: 3 (1), 4 (1), 8 (1), 9 (1), 12 (1), 15 (20), 22 (1), 29 (1), 37 (1), 57 (1), 59 (1), 91 (2). The following records are all likely to relate to continental race gorganus (Fruhs.). S. DEVON [3] Totnes, 27.7 (per NB). N. DEVON [4] Knowstone, 7.8 (per NB). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Hindon, 26.7 (per NB). DORSET [9] Chideock, 15.10 (per NB). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Silchester, 8.10 (per NB). E. SUSSEX [14] Northiam, undated, 2+ larvae (anon, per F. Garrett, via B. Banks), adults reared. E. KENT [15] Bockhill, 24.7 (Jarman, 2007); Dover, 27.7, ovipositing female (Easterbrook, 2007); Dungeness, 16.5, 4.6, 20.7, 24.7 (Walker, 2007); Folkestone, 25.7 (Easterbrook, 2007), 28.7 (TR); Folkestone Downs, 25.7 (2), 26.7, 27.7, 28.7 (2) (DGG, in Easterbrook, 2007); Kingsdown, 18.6 (Jarman, 2007); Kingsgate, 23.7 (Solly, 2007); North Foreland, 23.7 (Solly, 2007); Reculver, 29.7, 30.7 (Easterbrook, 2007); Sandwich, 12.6 (anon.). BERKSHIRE [22] Maidenhead, 19.7 (per NB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] St Ives, 30.7 (per NB). WORCESTERSHIRE [37] Redditch, 9.9 (per NB). DERBYSHIRE [57] Matlock, 28.7 (B. Statham). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Formby, 9.7 (per NB). KINCARDINESHIRE [91] Girdlness, Aberdeen, 19.8 (2), first VC records (I. Broadbent per RLe). Figure 12. Occurrence times of Papilio machaon gorganus adults in 2006. Unlisted Papilio demodocus (Esp.) Citrus Swallowtail [In] GLAMORGAN [41] Swansea, 8.6 (G. Hughes, in Powell, 2006a). 1540 Iphiclides podalirius (L.) Scarce Swallowtail [I][In] [An unconfirmed report from Islay [102] on 15.9 (per NB).] PIERIDAE 1543 Colias hyale (L.) Pale Clouded Yellow [1] E. SUFFOLK [25] Wenhaston, 25-28.9 (17+ males) (J. Quinn per ASH), 13.10 (male) (ASH); five of the specimens from 25/28.9 were exhibited at the B.E.N.H.S. Exhibition in November 2006 (Jones, 2007). [Probable examples reported from St Austell [2] on 9.1 1 (R. Lane per NB); Sherborne [9] on 18.10 (N. Spring per NB); and Dursey Island [H3] on 1 1.9 (Scott, 2007b).] 1543 Colias hyale/alfacariensis Pale/Berger’s Clouded Yellow [I] /44 [Probable examples of one of these two species were reported Edburton Hill [13] on 18.10 (T. Wilson per CRP); Frog Firle Farm, nr. Seaford [14] on 28.5 (N. Kemp per CRP); St Leonards [14] on 14.9 (SAR per CRP); Aldeburgh area [25] on 14.8 & 17.8 (per RP, via RF); and Ramsholt [25] on 8.10 (per RP, via RF).] 1549 Pieris brassicae (L.) Large White [R][I] High coastal counts potentially relating to migrants. E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 21.7 (c.150) (Walker, 2007). 1552 Pontia daplidice (L.) Bath White [I] [Unconfirmed reports from near Tavistock [3] on 21.7 (per NB); and from an unnamed site in Suffolk [25/26] during August (per NB).] 226 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 LYCAENIDAE 1567 Lampides boeticus (L.) Long-tailed Blue [I][In] Total no. adults reported: 13 By vice-county: 1 (7), 2 (1), 3 (2), 11 (1), 27 (1), 58 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: St Mary’s, 5.10, 9.10, 12.10, 17.10, 24.10 (Scott, 2007a); IOS: St Agnes, 11.10 (Scott, 2007a); IOS: St Martin’s, 4.10 (Scott, 2007a). E. CORNWALL [2] Murrayton, Looe, 1.11 (P. Saunders per J. Worth). S. DEVON [3] Bigbury, 28.8 (per NB); Dawlish Warren, 25.8, female (I. Lakin, K. Rylands). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Bishops Waltham, 27.7 (per TBr, via NB). E. NORFOLK [27] Brad well, Great Yarmouth, 18.7, female (Knights, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] Chester, 12.7 (A. Archer per NB). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Stackhoull, Fair Isle, early September, larva found in a shop (female reared 15.10) (per NR). 1567a Cacyreus marshalli (Butler) Geranium Bronze [In] W. SUSSEX [13] Ifold, 16.9 (T. Greenaway per CRP). NYMPHALIDAE 1584 Limenitis Camilla (L.) White Admiral [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records of wandering individuals that may refer to immigrants. E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, undated (Hunter, 2007). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 12.7 (Troake, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea, 12.7 (per BRS). 1592 Vanessa virginiensis (Drury) American Painted Lady [I] W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Porthloo, St Mary’s, 12.10 (Callaway, 2007). 1593 Aglais urticae (L.) Small Tortoiseshell [R][I][V] High coastal counts potentially relating to migrants. W. CORK [H3] Dursey Island, 7.9 (120+) (Scott, 2007b). 1594 Nymphalis polychloros (L.) Large Tortoiseshell [I][In?][FR] Total no. reported: 11 By vice-county: 3 (1), 11 (1), 14 (3), 15 (5), 61 (1). S. DEVON [3] Nr. Holne, Dartmoor, 8.4 (J.M. Walters per RFM). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Lymington, 27.4 (RBW). E. SUSSEX [14] Eastbourne, 6-8.4 (D. Jode, A. Thomas per CRP); Lewes, 8.4 (A. Thomas per CRP); Nr. Plumpton, 22.4 (T. Hutson per CRP). E. KENT [15] Folkestone Downs, 3.4, 14.7 (Easterbrook, 2007); Lydd-on-Sea, 4.5 (DBe); Pegwell Bay, 4.5 (Easterbrook, 2007); Temple Ewell, 6. 10 (Easterbrook, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea, 9.5 (P. Collins per BRS). [Records from Bolney [13] on 16.8 (M. Burgess, in anon. 2007a), and Pulborough [13], 16-19.8 (CG et ai, in anon., 2007a) are erroneous and relate to the following species (CRP, pers. comm.).] 1596 Nymphalis antiopa (L.) Camberwell Beauty [I] [In?] Total no. reported: 285 By vice-county: 1 (1), 2 (1), 3 (2), 5 (1), 8 (2), 9 (3), 10 (1), 11 (2), 12 (5), 13 (7), 14 (2), 15 (8), 16 (7), 17 (3), 18 (6), 19 (4), 20 (10), 21 (2), 22 (3), 23 (3), 24 (5), 25 (29), 26 (4), 27 (61), 28 (16), 29 (9), 30 (5), 31 (3), 32 (9), 53 (4), 54 (6), 55 (7), 57 (1), 58 (1), 59 (1), 61 (19), 62 (8), 63 (1), 64 (3), 65 (1), 66 (1), 67(1), 68 (3), 75(1), 85 (1), 91 (1), 92(1), 95 (5), 106(1), 107(1), 108(1), 109(1), H38 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 29.9 (Scott, 2007a). E. CORNWALL [2] Nr. Liskeard, 26.9 (C. Parcell per J. Worth). S. DEVON [3] Exeter, 10.9 (N. White per R. Bristow); Kingskerswell, 5.9 (P. Wood per R. Bristow). S. SOMERSET [5] Somerton, 25.8 (J. Alexander per M. Ridge). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Chapmanslade, 28.8 (M. King per M. Fuller); Salisbury, 27.8 (R. Fordham per M. Fuller). DORSET [9] Charminster, 24.8 (per WS); Higher Woodsford, 26.8 (V. Bradford per WS); Rimsmoor Pond, 3.10 (S. Cooch per WS). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Newport, 22.8 (T. Gutteridge per LB). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Cadnam, 15.10 (M. Pugh per LB); Needs Ore Point, 6.8 (A. Hold per LB). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Nr. Alton, 10.9 (2) (F. Braggs per LB); Church Crookham, 24-25.8 (T. Walker per LB); Grayshott, 4.9 (R. Turner per LB); Liss Forest, 27.8 (A. Wright per LB). W. SUSSEX [13] Bolney, 16.8 (M. Burgess per CRP); Easeboume, 27.9 (W. Quinn per WT); Hayward’s Heath, 9.9 (J. Hall per CRP); Horsham, 26.8 (M. Sanson per WT); Pulborough, 16-25.8 (CG et ai), 22.8 (P. Atkinson per WT); Thomey Island, 5.8 (R. Senior per WT). E. SUSSEX [14] East Grinstead, 19.8 (S. Lockwood per WT); Pevensey, 6.8 (G. Barnard per WT). E. KENT [15] Canterbury, 15-16.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Chart Sutton, 17.9 (Easterbrook, 2007); Eastchurch, 17.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Folkestone, 29.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Hawkshill, 17.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Herne Bay, 7.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Lydd, 22.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Pegwell, 19.8 (Solly, 2007). W. KENT [16] Chislehurst, 10.9 (Easterbrook, 2007); East Mailing, 16.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Great Buckland, 6.9 (2) (Easterbrook, 2007); Hildenborough, 1.9 (Easterbrook, 2007); Gffham, 15.8 (Easterbrook, 2007); Tonbridge, 16.8 (Easterbrook, 2007). SURREY [17] Nr. Aldershot, 22.8 (N. Irvine per MB); nr. Godaiming, 11.8 (J. & J. Hindley per MB); 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 227 Westcott, 17.8 (L. Boyce per MB). S. ESSEX [18 ] Basildon, 16.8 (P. Hood per VP); Bradwell-on-Sea, 15.8, 16.8 (Dewick, 2007); Brentwood, 19.8, 22.8 (C. Le Grand per VP); Upshire, 30.7 (E. Smith per VP). N. ESSEX [19] Boxted, 3.9 (T. Welham per VP); Gosfield, 22.8 (M. Ford per VP); Halstead, 7.9 (C. Hibberd per VP); Stunner, 19.8 (S. Cass per VP). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Berkhamstead, 20.8 (B. Roberts per AW); Bishops Stortford, 15.8, 27.9 (D. Sampson, CWP per AW); Burnham Green, 20.8 (P. Langford per AW); Cheshunt, 25.8 (T. Goddard per AW); Hemel Hempstead, 16.8 (C. McNaughton per AW); Radlett, 19.8, 23.8 (G. Parker per AW); St Albans, 16.8 (H. Perryman per AW); Sawbridgeworth, I. 9 (I. Collins per AW). MIDDLESEX [21] Bedfont Lakes, 27.8 (R. Staines per AW); North Acton, 23.8 (G. Dawson per AW). BERKSHIRE [22] Farley Hill, 25.8 (S. Chatten per J. Asher); Newbury, 25.8 (P. Olive per J. ASHER); Reading, 22.8 (S. Mutch per J. Asher). OXFORDSHIRE [23] Checkendon, 4.9 (T. Corbishley per J. Asher); Henley, 12.9 (J. Gosby per J. Asher); Marcham, 21.8 (N. Jones per J. Asher). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Bellingdon, 1.9 (B. & M. Norwood per J. Asher); Chalfont St Peter, 20.8 (A. Murrell per NB); Milton Keynes, 21.9 (S. Brock per J. Asher); Nash, 4.9 (D. Gillow per J. Asher); Prestwood, 31.8 (T. Marshall per J. Asher). E. SUFFOLK [25] Benacre, 17.8 (M. Parker per RP); Blundeston, 25.8 (E. Pembroke per RP); Bramford, 6.8 (H. Mottram per RP); Brent Eleigh, 1.9 (D. Watts per RP); Coddenham, 2.10 (S. Pond per RP); Corton, 18.9 (A. Butcher per RP); Covehithe, 17.8 (J. Lane per RP); Dunwich, 20.8 (2) (per RP); Framlingham, 12.9 (S. Hill per RP); Great Bealings, 27.8 (C. Turner per RP); Haughley, 19.8 (P. Partis per RP); Ipswich, 5.8, 14.8, 15.8 (per RP); Kessingland, 15.8 (per RP); Kirton, 25.8 (L. Lanigan per RP); Knodishall, 17.8, 28.8 (J. Watson, C. Fordham per RP); Lowestoft, 30.12 (per A. Harley, via RF); Minsmere, 8.8 (Harvey & Higgott, 2007); Nayland, 14.8 (per RP); Newbourne, 24.8 (per RP); North Warren, nr. Aldeburgh, 27.8 (D. Trouse per RP); Sizewell, 17.8 (Harvey & Higgott, 2007); Tattingstone, 21.7, 9.9 (M. Talmer, P. Lee per RP); Nr. Theberton, 8.7 (per RP); Theberton Woods, Saxmundham, 5.8 (J. Quinn per ASH, in Jones, 2007); Wangford, 17.8 (S. Graham per RP). W. SUFFOLK [26] Cowlinge, 19.8 (M. Hardy per RP); Great Bradley, 17.8 (S. Alsop per RP); Sudbury, 16.8 (per RP); Westley, 4.9 (R. Butlin per RP). E. NORFOLK [27] Aylsham, 10.9 (S. & L. Green per PBo); Blofield, 15.8 (per PBo); Caister-on-Sea, 15.8, 30.8 (per PBo); Carleton Rode, 13.8 (D. Watson per PBo); Catfield, 9.9 (S. & J. Partridge per PBo); Cley, 16.8, 7.9 (per PBo); Coltishall, 4.10 (per PBo); Costessey, 16.8 (A. Brown et al. per PBo); Cringleford, 3.9 (per PBo); Cromer, 14.8 (A. Mayes per PBo); Crostwick, 27.8 (G. Hooton per PBo); Dereham, 2.9 (M. Taylor per PBo); Fakenham, 15.8, 30.8 (per PBo); Felbrigg, 20.8 (N. & H. Ascough per PBo); Foxley Wood, 3.9, 13.9 (T. & S. Court, A. Wilkinson per PBo); Gorleston, 27.8 (N. Smith per PBo); Great Ellingham, 27.8 (R. Cobb per PBo); Great Witchingham, 28.8 (K. Bidewell per PBo); Great Yarmouth, 6.8 (K. Warner per PBo); Guist, 21.8 (H. Smith per PBo); Hickling Broad, 16.8 (J. Williamson per PBo); Hickling village, 27.8 (J. Clements per PBo); Holt Lowes, 22.8 (G. Williams per PBo); Horning, 8.8 (P. Heath per PBo); Horsey, 16.8 (B. Fairless per PBo); Kettlestone, 6.9 (per PBo); Mannington Hall, 1.9 (A. Watson per PBo); Martham, 25.8 (S. Prowse per PBo); Mautby, 26.8 (B. & P. Mellish per PBo); Morston, 23.8 (P. Hackett per PBo); New Buckenham, 20.8 (A. Bottomley per PBo); North Walsham, 28.8 (per PBo); Norwich, 13.8, 19.8 (J. Riches, M. Sweeney per PBo); Old Beetley, 27.8 (A. White per PBo); Ormesby, 25.8 (E. Ogden per PBo); Overstrand, 24.9 (G. Bond per PBo); Paston, 13.9 (R. Cobbold per PBo); Potter Heigham, 6.8 (J. Williamson per PBo); Repps, 17.8 (S. Wright per PBo), 26.10, hibernating (R. Melton per PBo); Saxthorpe, 27.8 (P. Dwire per PBo); Smallburgh, 25.8 (T. Cator per PBo); South Walsham, 11.9 (C. Busch per PBo); Spixworth, 26.8 (N. Cave per PBo); Sprowston, 17.8, 19.8 (per PBo); Stiffkey, 18.8, 4.9 (per PBo); Strumpshaw, 19.8 (D. & J. Fraser per PBo); Thorpe St Andrew, 18.8 (per PBo); Thursford, 16.8 (T. & W. Tunks per PBo); Winterton, 15.8 (D. Norgate, J. Eaton per PBo); Wiveton, 4.10 (S. Gantlett per PBo); Wreningham, 5.9 (T. Lane per PBo); Wroxham, 20.8 (per PBo); Wymondham, 26.8 (A. Hockaday per PBo). W. NORFOLK [28] Ashwicken, 26.8 (M. Hare per PBo); Beachamwell, 20.8 (J. Crouch per PBo); Brancaster, 16.8 (per PBo); Burnham Norton, 22.8 (J. Harling per PBo); Burnham Thorpe, 16.8 (2) (C. & H. Padley per PBo); Dersingham, 18.8 (per PBo); Holkham, 30.8 (C. Potts per PBo); Hunstanton, 10.9 (J. Webb per PBo); Ingoldisthorpe, 23.8 (P. Lancaster per PBo); Sculthorpe, 24.8 (per PBo); Snettisham, 19.8 (J. Walker per PBo); Titchwell, 18.8, 11.9 (P. Wilson, D. Curtis per PBo); Walpole St Peter, 19.8 (S. Hutcheson per PBo); West Acre, 9.8 (D. Curl per PBo). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Hemingford Abbots, 4.9 (R. Burton per VP); Little Paxton, 1 1.9 (J. Hughes per VP); March, 5.9 (anon.); Marholm, 25.8, 27.8 (W. Ward per VP); Ramsey, 13.8 (L. Addison per VP); Soham, 10.8 (R. Blasbury per VP); Stapleford, 25.8 (per VP); Wimpole, 19.8 (D. Barden per VP). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Broom, 10.9 (S. Cham per KB); Cranfield, 1.9 (per KB); Dunstable, 23.8, 7.9 (per KB); Greenfield, 1.9 (P. Kean per KB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Little Paxton, 11.9 (D. Cobham per BD), 1.10 (per BD); Ramsey, 13.8 (L. Addison per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Brigstock, 30.8 (2) (W. Simon per DGo); Earl’s Barton, 20.8 (T. Oakley per DGo); Fermyn Wood, 22.8 (P. Overson per DGo); Finedon, 30.8 (per DGo); Newton Bromswold, August (per DGo); Old Sulehay Forest, 19.8 (P. Cawthorne per DGo); Newnham, 22.8 (per DGo); Peterborough, 13.8 (anon.). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Boston, 16.8 (T. Carter per ABi); Gedney Drove End, 27.8 (M. Thompson per 228 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 ABi); Stamford, 2.9 (RWG per ABi); Wyberton, 20.8 (T. Hyde per ABi). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54J Chambers Farm Wood, 16.8 (K. Robinson per ABi); Cleethorpes, 16.8 (L. Woodward per ABi); Far Ings, 19.8 (S. Routledge per ABi); Gibraltar Point, 13.8 (K. & S. Wilson); South Killingholme, 23.8 (J. Milner per ABi); Waltham, 21.8 (D. Coop per ABi). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Hinckley, 3.9 (A. Baker per APR); Leicester, 11.9, 24.9 (R. Fray, G. Lobell per APR); Loddington, 22.8 (W. Kirby per APR); Loughborough, 6.9, 21.9 (I. Widdowson, M. Walpole per APR); Melton Mowbray, 21.8 (J. laggard per APR). DERBYSHIRE [57] Derby, 13.9 (R. Key per K. Orpe). CHESHIRE [58] Nr. Neston, Wirral, 9.9 (R. Warburton per NB). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Heywood, 3.7 (per P. Hardy). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Anlaby, 20.8, 21.8 (I. Cook, A. Ashworth per HF); Burton Agnes, 16.8 (J. English per HF); Driffield, 25.8 (D. McCormick per HF); Elloughton, 25.8 (R. Roach per HF); Filey, 25.8 (C. Thomas per HF); Flamborough, 19.8, 25.8 (I. Marshall per HF); Fulford, York, 17.9 (P. Bone per HF); Hessle, 27.8 (per HF); Hull, 16.8, 28.9 (D. Longthome, R. Thompson per HF); Kirkbum, 17.8 (P. Smith per HF); nr. Langtoft, 31.8 (per HF); Molescroft, 20.8 (M. Goulding per HF); Nafferton, 14.8 (J. Leason per HF); Sledmere, 11.9 (R. Gaines per HF); Spurn, 17.9 (Spence, 2007); York, 19.7 (J. Bone per HF). N.E. YORKSHIRE [62] Aislaby, Whitby, 23.8 (per HF); Guisborough, 23.8 (P. Forster per HF); Malton, 31.8 (per HF); Pexton Bank, 29.8 (PWF per CHF); Scarborough, 28.8, 10.9 (per HF); Swinton, 25.8 (per HF); nr. Thirsk, 1.10 (per HF). S.W. YORKSHIRE [63] Norton, Doncaster, 21.8 (B. Dalton per HF). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [64] Famham, 15.9 (J. Atkinson per HF); Harrogate, 23-24.8 (B. Elson per HF); Timble, 21.9 (P. & K. Limb per HF). N.W. YORKSHIRE [65] Richmond, 24.8 (M. Heseltine per HF). DURHAM [66] Nr. High Etherley, 20.8 (D. Brown per RN). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] North Shields, 14-15.8 (M. Coates per RN). N. NORTHUMBERLAND [68] Nr. Belford, 10.9 (P. Harvey per RN); Berwick, 6.7 (per RN); Newton-by-the-Sea, 8.9 (G. Woodburn per RN). AYRSHIRE [75] Eaglesham, 25.7 (A. Price per R. Sutcliffe). FIFESHIRE [85] Colinsburgh, 15.9 (G. Corbet per DD). KINCARDINESHIRE [91] Denside, 26.8 (R. Jackson per DD). S. ABERDEENSHIRE [92] Aberdeen, 9.9 (J. Borg per DD). MORAY [95] Aberlour, 1.9 (K. Stronach per DBa); Dunphail, 24.8 (R. Dennis per JW); Elgin, 12.9 (K. Shorten per DBa); Lossiemouth, 2.9 (H. Farquhar per DBa); Roseisle Forest, 21.8 (A. Lawrence per DBa). E. ROSS [1061 Evanton, 28.8 (S. Black per DBa). E. SUTHERLAND [107] Bonar Bridge, 23.8 (P Gurr per DBa). W. SUTHERLAND [108] Kirtomy, 17.9 (E. Best per DBa). CAITHNESS [109] Crosskirk, 28.9 (D. Quarman per DBa). DOWN [H38] Belfast, 10.9 (per T. Boyd, via RF); record subject to ratification by the Northern Ireland Lepidoptera Committee (PMW, pers. comm.). ■ - . ' > • , _ . i 1..L _ u — i — i _ Ilium . 1 1 SMI i ii 7. “ 01-Jul 11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug 09-Sep 19-Sep 29-Sep 09-Oct 19-Oct 29-Oct Figure 13. Occurrence times of Nymphalis antiopa during 2006 (dated records; excluding December record). 1597 Inachis io (L.) Peacock [R][I][V] High coastal counts potentially relating to migrants. E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 21.7 (200) (Walker, 2007); Kingsgate, 21.9 (50+) (Solly, 2007); New Romney, 21.7 (65+) (PPH, SPC); Ramsgate, 21.9, adults arriving off the sea (Solly, 2007). W. KENT [16] Northward Hill, 13.7 (50+) (Easterbrook, 2007). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 229 1603 Issoria lathonia (L.) Queen of Spain Fritillary [I][In?] W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Trenoweth, St Mary’s, 10.8, 9-12.10 (Scott, 2007a). DORSET [9] Highcliffe, 26.9 (per NB). S. ESSEX [18] Ingatestone, 6.7 (per EMG). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Enfield area, 26- 27.9 (R. Calf et al.). E. SUFFOLK [25] Shingle Street, 10.7 (Deans, 2007a). E. NORFOLK [27] Winterton, 29.7 (per RR via NB). [There were also unconfirmed records from near Wadebridge [2] on 20.6 (per J. Worth); Wendover [24] on 2.7 (per NB); and from an unnamed site in Somerset [5/6] on 2.10 (per NB).] 1608 Argynnis paphia (L.) Silver-washed Fritillary [R][I/V] Coastal records away from suitable breeding habitat that may relate to immigrants. E. SUSSEX [14] Rye Harbour, 23.7 (Bentley, 2007). E. KENT [15] Broadstairs, 23.7 (Solly, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Leigh-on-sea, 17.8 (P. Ray-Smith). DANAIDAE 1630 Danaus plexippus (L.) Monarch [I][In] Total no. reported: 31 By vice-county: 1 (11), 3 (5), 9 (3), 10 (2), 13 (1), 14 (1 ), 15 (3), 38 (1), 41 (1 ), H3 (3). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: St Mary’s, 16.9 - 21.10 (8) (Scott, 2007a); IOS: Tresco, 14.8, 5-8.10, 18.10 (Scott, 2007a). S. DEVON [3] Aveton Gifford, 17.9 (per NB); Bantham, 30.9 (J. & J. Raven); Beer, 14.10 (TBr per NB); Bolt Head, 10.10 (M. Oates); Salcombe, 4.10 (J. Burgess). DORSET [9] Portland, 20.10 (Cade, 2007); Sherborne, 12.10 (C. Farrell per NB); St Aldhelm’s Head, 2.11 (P. Williams). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Ventnor, 7-8.10 (ABu et al. per SAK-J, NB); also recorded from an unnamed VC10 site on 5.10 (per NB). W. SUSSEX [13] Charlwood, 28.7 (P. Martin per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Cuckmere estuary, 30.9 (per NB). E. KENT [15] Broadstairs, 7.9 (Solly, 2007); Pegwell, 21.8, 4.9 (Solly, 2007). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Studley, 6.8 (T. Hemming). GLAMORGAN [41] Kenfig, 27.8 (D. Carrington, in Powell, 2006b). W. CORK [H3] Cape Clear Island, 10.10, 14-15.10 (CCBO per S. Wing, via PMW); Mizen Head, 1.10 (D. Ballard per E. Dempsey, via PMW). Figure 14. Occurrence times of Danaus plexippus during 2006 (dated records). Unlisted Danaus chrysippus (L.) Plain Tiger [In?] S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Old Bursledon, nr. Southampton, 26.7 (per ARC). DREPANIDAE 1649 Drepana curvatula (Borkh.) Dusky Hook-tip [I] E. SUSSEX [14] Hastings Country Park, 11.6 (NMH). WESTMORLAND [69] Roudsea Moss, 28.7, first VC record (RP-J). GEOMETRIDAE 1664 Aplasta ononaria (Fuessl.) Rest Harrow [R][I][V] Records away from known populations in VC15. E. KENT [15] Greatstone, 21.8 (JJo); Lydd-on-Sea, 16.8 (DBe). W. KENT [16] Grain, 3.7, 20.8 (AGJB per IDF). 1672 Thalera fimbrialis (Scop.) Sussex Emerald [R][I][V] Records away from the known population in VC15. E. SUSSEX [14] St Leonards, 16.7 (SAR per CRP). E. KENT [15] St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 12.7 (AJM per SPC). 230 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 1678 Cyclophora puppillaria (Hb.) Blair’s Mocha [I] Total no. reported: 107 By vice-county: 1 (13), 2 (1), 3 (4), 5 (1), 9 (16), 10 (9), 11 (13), 13 (7), 14 (2), 15 (24), 16 (3), 17 (3), 19 (1), 21 (1), 29 (1), 32 (1), 38 (2), 55 (1), 58 (1), 71 (1), H12 (2). W. CORNWALL [1] Bochym, The Lizard, 1.9 (Tunmore, 2007a); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 9.6, 21.8, 31.8, 3.9, 9.9, 12.9, 13.9, 22.10, 13.11 (MWS); IOS: St Agnes, 18.10 (DGr); IOS: St Mary’s, 16.10 (Scott, 2007a); Nanquidno, 11.6 (CM). E. CORNWALL [2] Cotehele, 17.10 (Gould, 2008). S. DEVON [3] Teignmouth, 27.8 (RFM); Uplyme, 17.10, 18.10, 30.10 (AK). S. SOMERSET [5] Staplegrove, 27.10 (JMc per MY). DORSET [9] Charmouth, 14.9 (GS, in Davey, 2007); Cold Harbour, 16.6, 23.9, 15.10 (BW, in Davey, 2007); Durlston, 2.7 (per APR), 28.10 (PAD, in Davey, 2007); Ferndown, 15.10 (DC, in Davey, 2007); Kingcombe, 13.9 (MO, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 12.6 (Cade, 2007); Preston, 13.9 (RLa, in Davey, 2007); Puddletown, 30.10 (HWH, in Davey, 2007); Toller Porcorum, 16.6 (A. Trout, in Davey, 2007); Walditch, 27.10 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Blagdon, 14.10 (DGG, in Davey, 2007); Weymouth, 15.10, 18.10 (PHS, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 17.8, 19.8, 27.8, 16.10, 23.10 (JH); Shanklin, 17.7 (JMC per TN); Totland, 15.10, 17.10, 25.10 (Knill-Jones, 2007a). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Langstone, 14.10, 15.11 (IN, in Phillips, 2007); Northney, Hayling Island, 29.10 (JPh, in Phillips, 2007); Pennington Marsh, 8.8, 29.10 (RBW per TN); Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 3.10 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007); Sholing, 27.10, 29.10 (ARC, A. Goodall per TN); Southsea, 17.10 (IRT per TN); West Town, Hayling Island, 8.8, 27.10 (GSAS, in Phillips, 2007); Wickham Common, 23.10, 25.10 (K. Coker per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring, 6.7, 14.8, 13.10, 17.10 (THF per CRP); Sharpthorne, 28.10 (P. Clark per CRP); Walberton, 28.9, 27.10 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 22.10 (KNA per CRP); Crawley Down, 29.10 (JHC). E. KENT [15] Biddenden, 26.8, 4-7.9, 8.10 (SJB); Dumpton, 11.10 (Solly, 2007); Dungeness, 21.8, 23.8, 25.8, 16.9, 24.9 (2) (DW, JHC); Dymchurch, 24.9, 26.10 (JO); Folkestone, 13.9 (TR); Greatstone, 29.10 (JJo); Kingsgate, 21.9, 27.9, 27.10 (Solly, 2007); Lydd, 23.9 (JHC); Lydd-on-Sea, 28.10 (DBe); New Romney, 24.9 (SPC); Pegwell, 24.9, 27.10 (Solly, 2007); South Foreland, 25.8 (M. Love per IDF); St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 25.8 (AJM). W. KENT [16] Grain, 28.9, 10.10 (AGJB per IDF); Gravesend, 29.8 (DJLA). SURREY [17] Banstead, 28.10 (SWG per GAC); Guildford, 27.10 (JSA per GAC); Holmbury St Mary, 19.6 (PLH per GAC). N. ESSEX [19] Kirby-le-Soken, 22.10 (PBe per BG). MIDDLESEX [21] Hampstead, 23.8 (RAS per CWP). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Trumpington, 9.10 (H.A. Slatter per JRD, in Clancy, 2007b). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Werrington, 24.9, first VC record (PW per APR). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Hillmorton, 29.10 (PFN per IGMR); Warwick, 25.9 (M. Walsh per DCGB). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Edith Weston, 23.9, first VC record (VA per APR). CHESHIRE [58] Bowdon, 13.10, first VC record (R. Hilton per SF). ISLE OF MAN [71] The Dhoon, 13.10, first VC record (Scott, 2007c). WEXFORD [H12] Bamland, nr. Gorey, 24.9, 14.10, first VC records (MO’D per PMW). Figure 15. Occurrence times of Cyclophora puppillaria during 2006. 1678a Cyclophora ruficiliaria (H.-S.) Jersey Mocha [I] W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 21.8, 6.9, first VC records (GD, det. SPC, DJLA). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 231 1684 Scopula nigropunctata (Hufn.) Sub-angled Wave [R][I][V] Records away from known populations in VC15 that may relate to immigrants. E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 18.7 (MJD, SPC); Dymchurch, 10.7, 16.7 (JO); Greatstone, 16.6 (BBa); Kingsdown, 19.7 (FS per IDF); Littlestone, 10.7, 21.7, 26.7 (KRe); New Romney, 25.7 (KRe); Pegwell, 12.7 (Solly, 2007); Sandwich, 12.6 (IDH per IDF); West Hythe, 25.7 (2) (SPC, BFS). 1688 Scopula rubiginata (Hufn.) Tawny Wave [R][I][V] Coastal records from VC25 are included but may be associated with resident populations. E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 3.7, 14.8 (Deans, 2007a); Dunwich Heath, 16.7 (3), 23.7 (Moore, 2007); Minsmere, 19.7 - 12.8 (5) (Harvey & Higgott, 2007). E. NORFOLK [27] Scole, 19.7 (M. Hall per DH). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 6.8 (Troake, 2007). 1696 Idaea ochrata (Scop.) Bright Wave [R][I/V] Records away from the known resident populations in VC15. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 4.7, first VC record (MWS). SURREY [17] Westcott Downs, Dorking, 15.7, first VC record (DAC per GAC). CLARE [H9] Dromore, 24.6 (2), provisionally new to Ireland (per VMc, via BFS); record subject to ratification by the Mothslreland Validation Committee (PMW, pers. comm.). 1699 Idaea rusticata (D. & S.) Least Carpet [R][I][V] Coastal/extralimital records of possible immigrant examples. W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 20.7 (Tunmore, 2007a); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 20.7 (6), 21.7 (4), 22.7, 23.7, 24.7 (2), 25.7 (2) (MWS); Maenporth, 21.7, 25.7 (GD). DORSET [9] West Bexington, 30.6, 7.8 (Eden, 2007). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Langworth, 24.7, first VC record (Dobson, 2006). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea, 5.7, first VC record (BRS). 1714 Idaea degeneraria (Hb.) Portland Ribbon Wave [R][I/V] Coastal records away from VC9, or autumn records, that may relate to immigrants, vagrants or undiscovered colonies. W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 3.9, 11.9 (Tunmore, 2007a); Maenporth, 1.9 - 1.10 (10) (Davis, 2007); Mylor Churchtown, 31.8, 4.9, 12.9 (JBC). E. CORNWALL [2] Downderry, 2.7 (SCM per LACT); Middlewood, 20.9 (JB per LACT). S. DEVON [3] Exmouth, 11.7 (D. Wall per RFM). DORSET [9] Preston, 4.9, 10.9, 13.9 (Davey, 2007); Puddletown, 13.9 (HWH, in Davey, 2007); Swanage, 6.9, 7.9 (R. Cox, in Davey, 2007); Walditch, 13.9 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Bexington, 18.9, 20.9, 24.9 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 1.9, 6.9 (JH). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Highcliffe, 5.9 (Davey, 2007); Pennington, 5.6 (RCo); Pennington Marsh, 10.6 (RBW). 1721 Xanthorhoe biriviata (Bork.) Balsam Carpet [R][I][V] Extralimital/coastal records potentially relating to immigrants. E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 4.7 (Deans, 2007a). 1741 Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkh.) Many-lined [I][FR] Total no. reported: 25 By vice-county: 3 (1), 9 (13), 11 (3), 25 (4), 27 (1), 28 (1), 54 (1), 61 (1). S. DEVON [3] Teignmouth, 12.6 (RFM). DORSET [9] Durlston, 1.7 (Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 12.6, 23.6, 3.8, 4.8, 7.8 (MC); Puddletown, 3.8, 22.8 (HWH); Walditch, 10.6 (MSP); West Bay, 28.6 (TBr); West Bexington, 6.8 (REd); Weymouth, 14.6, 17.9 (PH). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Boldre, 4.8 (JD); Lymington, 13.6 (PDu); Wickham Common, 5.8 (K. Coker per TN). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 17.7 (MJD); Covehithe, 12.5 (AWP); Dunwich Heath, 22.7 (DBr per CCM); Minsmere, 23.7 (RMH). E. NORFOLK [27] Weybourne, 12.5 (REa). W. NORFOLK [28] Holme-next-the-Sea, 15.5 (PTi). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Muckton, 12.7, first VC record [date incorrectly published as both 11.7 & 14.7 in Dobson (2006), Anon. (2006) & elsewhere] (GW). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 27.7, first VC record (BRS). 1771a Thera cupressata (Geyer) Cypress Carpet [R][V/I] Records away from VC’s 3, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 & 16 where resident populations are established. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 23.10 (Scott, 2007a). S. ESSEX [18] Corringham, 9.10, second VC record (K. Laban, in Down, 2008). BERKSHIRE [22] Wokingham, 29.6, 17.10, first VC records (E. Napper per MCH). GLAMORGAN [41] Cwm Ivy, 1 1.10, new to Wales (Gilmore, 2007). 1888a Stegania trimaculata (Vill.) Dorset Cream Wave [I] S. ESSEX [18] Woodford Green, 2.7, first VC record (RB). 1891 Macaria signaria (Hb.) Dusky Peacock [I][MC] Records away from the known breeding population in VC15. E. KENT [15] Pegwell, 12.6 (Solly, 2007). 232 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 Figure 16. Occurrence times of Costaconvexa polygrammata during 2006. 1894a Chiasmia aestimaria (Hb.) Tamarisk Peacock [I] E. KENT [15] Greatstone, 7.8, third British record (BBa). 1901 Cepphis advenaria (Hb.) Little Thorn [R][V/X] W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 14.6, first VC record (Davis, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Ipswich, 12.6, first VC record (NS). 1911 Ennomos autumnaria (Werneb.) Large Thorn [ R| [ 1/ V ] Extralimital records or coastal records away from known populations. E. KENT [15] Iwade, 5.9 (IC). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 22.8, 11.9, 16.9 (Deans, 2007a). 1918 Selenia lunularia (Hb.) Lunar Thorn [R][I/V] Coastal records of possible immigrant specimens, the majority of these away from suitable habitat and/or relating to second-brood examples. E. SUSSEX [14] Three Oaks, Hastings, 1.8 (TWH, in Clancy, 2007b). E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 5.8 (JO); Greatstone, 5.8 (JJo); Littlestone, 2.8 (KRe). 1921a Crocallis dardoinaria (Donzel) Dusky Scalloped Oak [I] S. DEVON [3] Exmouth, 21.9, new to Britain (D. Wall per PJB). 1937a Peribatodes secundaria (Esper) Feathered Beauty |R][I/V] Coastal records away from suitable breeding habitat potentially relating to immigrants. E. KENT [15] Greatstone, 5.7 (JJo per SPC). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 4.7 (Deans, 2007a). 1945 Cleorodes lichenaria (Hufn.) Brussels Lace [R][I] Extralimital, coastal records likely to involve immigrants. E. KENT [15] Littlestone, 5.7 (KRe). SPHINGIDAE 1973 Acherontia atropos (L.) Death’s-head Hawk-moth [I] Total no. adults reported: 33 By vice-county: 1 (10), 3 (3), 9 (4), 14 (1), 15 (1), 19 (1), 20 (2), 25 (3), 27 (2), 41 (2), 54 (1), 58 (1), 71 (1), H12 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] Coverack, The Lizard, 23.9 (DCGB); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 3.9, 10.9, 21.9, 26.9, 27.9 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth, 24.9 (Davis, 2007); Nanquidno, 24.9, 17.10 (CM); Redruth, 1.10 (A. Sainsbury per J. Worth). S. DEVON [3] Plymouth, 29.9, moribund (per RFM); Torquay, 21.8, by day (L. Brunwin per RFM); Woodbury Salterton, 23.10 (M. Meehan per RFM). DORSET [9] Canford Cliffs, 2.6 (Davey, 2007); Charmouth, 26.8 (JR, in Clancy, 2007b); Rodwell, 2.10, found dead (Davey, 2007); West Bexington, 23.8 (Eden, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 19.10 (DNB). E. KENT [15] New Romney, 29.7, larva (Clancy, 2007a); Reculver, 24.10, found dead (C. Hindle per IDF). N. ESSEX [19] Beaumont- cum-Moze, 20.10 (JBF per BG). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Hunsdon, 4.7 (per CWP); Royston, 12.9 (JR, in Clancy 2007b). E. SUFFOLK [25] Darsham, 9.9 (per AWP); Sudboume, 30.9 (M. Farrow per AWP); Wrentham, 1.10 (D. Riley per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Runhall, 18.10 (JG); Weyboume, 17.10 (MP). GLAMORGAN [41] Aberdare, 14.9 (Gilmore, 2007); Cardiff, 9.10 (Gilmore, 2007). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gate Burton, 3.11 (H. Painter per CS). CHESHIRE [58] Wirral, September (C. Coleman per SF). W. LANCASHIRE [60] Eskrigge, 25.8, larva (G. Hawkins, G. Griffin per SMP); Hornby, 29.8, larva (M. Broomfield per SMP). ISLE OF MAN [71] Knocksharry, 9.10 (Scott, 2007c). WEXFORD [H12] Rosslare, 15.7, found dead (per CJW, via PMW). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 233 Figure 17. Occurrence times of Acherontia atropos adults during 2006 (dated records). 1985 Daphnis nerii (L.) Oleander Hawk-moth [I][In?] [An unconfirmed record of an adult found by day at Highnam [34] in August (D. & W. Smith per RGG).] 1986 Hyles euphorbiae (L.) Spurge Hawk-moth [I] E. SUFFOLK [25] Landguard, 24.6 (re-trapped on 27.6) (Odin, 2007); Rendham, 16.8 (MJD, in Clancy 2007b). 1987 Hyles gallii (Rott.) Bedstraw Hawk-moth [I][R?] Total no. adults reported: 17 By vice-county: 11 (2), 25 (1), 27 (1), 36 (2), 54 (3), 56 (2), 57 (1), 61 (4), 112 (1). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sholing, 10.9 (ARC per TN); Titchfield Haven, 16.8 (B. Duffin per TN). E. KENT [15] Site withheld by recorder, 23.7, three larvae (TR, in Clancy, 2007b). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich, 23.7, larva(e) (LH per AWP); Orfordness, 2.9 (DMc per AWP); Sizewell, 11.7, four larvae (MTu per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Cantley, 5.8 (S. Smith per DH). HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 6.8 (2) (RHe per P. King). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Osgodby Moor, 6.6 (CS); South Cockerington, 12.9 (JJa per CS); Willingham Forest, 13.6 (CS). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Eakring, 9.9 (TDP per SW); Rainworth, 17.6 (P. Jones per TDP, via SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] Glapwell, 14.9 (Budworth, 2006). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea, 17.7 (2), at dusk (BRS); Rudston, 3.7 (ASE per CHF); Spurn, 12.7, by day (BRS). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 25.8 (Anon, 2007b). 1993 Hippotion celerio (L.) Silver-striped Hawk-moth [I] Total no. reported: 14 By vice-county: 1 (1), 5 (1), 9 (2), 13 (1), 15 (1), 18 (1), 24 (1), 25 (1), 32 (1), 45 (1), 53 (1), 67 (1), 70 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 27.7 (Davis, 2007). S. SOMERSET [5] Coat, nr. Martock, 3.12 (K. & M. Walsingham per MY, via JMc). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 18.10 (Cade, 2007); Trigon, 16.10 (CMM). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 15.11 (JTR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 27.10 (DW). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 20.10 (Dewick, 2007). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] High Wycombe, 6.12 (V. Cheeseman per MVA). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich Heath, 14.10 (Moore, 2007). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Greatworth, 12.10 (T. Stokes per J. Ward). PEMBROKESHIRE [45] Tenby, 16-17.11 (per BFS). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Kate’s Bridge, nr. Baston, 28.9 (R. Goff per CS). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 26.9 (Tams, 2007). CUMBERLAND [70] Carlisle, 7.12 (M. Canham per MSP). Figure 18. Occurrence times of Hippotion celerio during 2006. 234 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 NOTODONTIDAE 2002 Notodonta tritophus (D. & S.) Three-humped Prominent [I] E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 26.7 (JP1). THAUMETOPOEIDAE 2022 Thaumetopoea processionea (L.) Oak Processionary [I][In] DORSET [9] Charmouth, 20.8 (GS, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 17.8 (Cade, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 19.8 (JH). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, 20.8, first VC record (Hunter, 2007). Accidentally introduced/imported populations were discovered in 2006 breeding in the London Boroughs of Brent, Ealing, Hounslow [21] and Richmond [17] (per MCT); records associated with these populations have not been listed in this report. LYMANTRIIDAE 2031 Leucoma salicis (L.) White Satin [R][I/V] Extralimital, coastal records of probable immigrants. W. CORNWALL [1] Cury, The Lizard, 2.7 (FTJ). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 24.7 (TJT per KWR); Tynemouth Priory, 5.7 (2), 25.7 (KWR). 2032 Arctornis l-nigrum (Miill.) Black V Moth [I][FR] W. KENT [16] Fordcombe, 9.7 (male), first VC record (I. Lewis per SPC). 2034 Lymantria dispar (L.) Gypsy Moth [I][FR][InJ N. HAMPSHIRE [12| Crawley, 7.9 (RAB). E. SUSSEX [14] Heathfield, 28.8 (DRML per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 14.8 (KRe); Lydd-on-Sea, 16.8 (DBe); New Romney, 26.7 (RET). SURREY [17] Ockley, 4.8 (WA per DW). MIDDLESEX [21] Buckingham Palace gardens, 26.7 (3 males at light), mid-August (female found moribund), 9.8 - 6.9 (total of 7 males in pheremone trap) (THF); thought to be associated with an artificially introduced population in the area. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Aylesbury, 22.4, 9.7, 11.7 (larval records), 12.7, 14.7 (pupal records), 6.8 (adult) (D. Maunder per MVA); VC24 records have now occurred from four different locations, asscociated with the artificial introduction/importation of this species into this area detailed in Clancy (2008). ARCTIIDAE 2039 Atolmis rubricollis (L.) Red-necked Footman [R][I/V] A selection of coastal/extralimital records and high coastal counts that may relate to immigrant examples. DORSET [9] West Bexington, 1.7 (95) (Eden, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 2.7 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 16.6 (JH). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven, 3.7 (Pratt, 2007). E. KENT [15] Littlestone, 12.6 (KRe); Lydd, 3.7 (KRe); Pegwell, 2.7, 17.7 (FS per IDF); Rainham, 11.6 (OD). W. KENT [16] Grain, 5.7 (AGJB per IDF). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 11.6, 4.7 (Deans, 2007a); Dunwich Heath, 1.7, 4.7, 19.7 (Moore, 2007); Ipswich, 12.6 (NS per AWP). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 11.6 (CS etal.). 2041 Pelosia muscerda (Hufn.) Dotted Footman [R][I][V] Records away from suitable habitat in VC27. E. SUSSEX [14] Ditchling, 24.7 (SRD per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dumpton, 23.7 (Solly, 2007); Dungeness, 3.7 (PGA); Greatstone, 22.7 (BBa); Pegwell, 19.7 (Solly, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 16.7, 18.7, 24.7, 13.9, 14.9 (Deans, 2007a); Blythburgh, 6.7 (DEW); Minsmere, 4.7 (Harvey & Higgott, 2007). 2042 Pelosia obtusa (H.-S.) Small Dotted Footman [R][I/V] Records away from suitable habitat in VC27. W. KENT [16] Grain, 3.7, first VC record (AGJB). 2043 Eilema sororcula (Hufn.) Orange Footman [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records/influxes that may relate to immigrants. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 10.6 (MWS); Penzance, 16.5 (14) (LO). E. SUFFOLK [251 Blythburgh, 4.6 (DEW). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 10.6 (Troake, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 11.6 (Spence, 2007). 2045 Eilema caniola (Hb.) Hoary Footman [R][I/V] Coastal/extralimital records that are likely to relate to immigrant/vagrant examples. DORSET [9] Lyons Gate, 26.9 (T. Box, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 19.7 (2) (MC); Walditch, 20.9 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 25.8 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 235 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, 10.8 (Hunter, 2007). E. KENT [15] Littlestone, 25.9 (KRe); Lydd, 23.9 (KRe). BERKSHIRE [22] Owlsmoor, Sandhurst, 25.7, 26.7 (2), first VC records (IDM). 2046 Eilema pygmaeola (Doubl.) Pigmy Footman [R][V/I] Records away from suitable habitat in VC’s 15 & 27. E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 12.7, 18.7 (Deans, 2007a); Hollesley, 20.7 (Deans, 2007a). 2051 Lithosia quadra (L.) Four-spotted Footman [R][I] Resident populations occur widely in the New Forest, south-west England, south Wales and southern Ireland, these probably reinforced by immigration. However records from these areas have generally been excluded as their origins are indeterminable and often likely to be associated with local breeding populations. S. DEVON [3] Slapton, 16.10 (JHC); Uplyme, 4.7, 13-28.9 (30), 30.10 (AK). S. SOMERSET [5] Closworth, 25.9 (JA per MY); Staplegrove, 21.9, 28.9 (JMc per MY); Wiveliscombe, 31.7 (PTe per MY). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Bedwyn Brail, 21.9 (E&MS). DORSET [9] Bridport area, June (1), September (23) (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 30.7, 11.9, 17.9, 20.9 (2), 21.9 (6), 22.9 (2), 23.9, 25.9 (MC); West Bexington, July (3), September (2), October (1) (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [101 Bonchurch, 16.6, 1.9, 9.10 (JH); Cranmore, 15.7, 23.7, 23.9 (IF per TN); Freshwater, 27.9 (2) (DBW per SAK-J); Totland, 14.9, 16.9, 21.9, 23.9, 24.9 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Ashurst, 23.9 - 8.10 (10) (KG per TN); Blashford Lakes, 26.6, 21.9 (2), 23.9, 24.9, 25.9, 27.9, 28.9 (RCh per TN); Chandler’s Ford, 22.9, 23.9 (BE per TN); Eastleigh, 20.9, 16.10 (SI per TN); Fareham, 21.9 (RJD per TN); Fordingbridge, 26.9 (N. Hull per TN); Funtley, 23.9 (TDC per TN); Highcliffe, 29.7, 20.9 (3), 21.9, 22.9, 27.9 (2), 28.9 (RCh per TN); Hurn, 13.6, 4.8, 6.8, 14.8, 16-28.9 (19) (MJ per TN); Langstone, 13.9 (JN, in Phillips, 2007); Linford, 20.9 (2), 26.9 (AGP per TN); Northney, Hayling Island, 23.9 (JPh, in Phillips, 2007); Pennington Marsh, 1.8, 4.9 (RBW per TN); Portchester, 25.7 (J. Stokes per TN); Sholing, 25.9, 26.9 (ARC per TN); Southampton, 23.9 (M. Pugh per TN); Tiptoe, 24.9 (per TN); Waterlooville, 23.9 (RJM per TN); Wickham, 24.9, 25.9 (per TN). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Andover, 26.9 (2) (TN); Crawley, 29.9 (RAB); Deadwater Valley, 27.9 (NM per TN); South Wonston, 27.9 (PJSS per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Chichester, 17.7 (MCP per CRP); Fernhurst, 22.9, 23.9 (SJP per CRP); Henfield, 23.9 (3) (A. Parfitt per CRP); Middleton-on-Sea, 23.9 (OL per CRP); North Gorley, 23.9 (P. Allen per TN); Pulborough Brooks, 23.9 (3) (P. Hughes per CRP); Sharpthorne, 20.9, 21.9 (P. Clark per CRP); Southwater, 26.9 (SB per CRP); Walberton, 21.9 (3), 23.9, 24.9, 8.10 (JTR per CRP); Wamham, 26.9 (SB per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Beckley, 20.7, 14.9, 17.9 (2), 18.9, 29.9, 17.10 (DNB per CRP); Bexhill, 24.9 (JS); Cliff End, 23.9 (3) (IDH et al. per CRP); Crawley Down, 21.9 (JHC); Ditchling, 3.8, 2.9 (per CRP); Heathfield, 8.10 (DRML per CRP); Hurst Green, 18.9 (M. Phillips per CRP); Icklesham, 14.9, 17.9, 21.9, 23.9 (4), 24.9, 26.9, 28.9 (IDH per CRP); Northiam, 18.9, 23.9 (AM per CRP); Seaford, 23.9 (S. McKenzie per CRP); St Leonards, 23.9 (4) (SAR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Biddenden, 10.10 (SJB); Densole, 25.9 (TR); Dungeness, 23.9, 24.9 (AGJB, JHC); Hamstreet, 26.9 (D. Coath per IDF); Isle of Thanet, 13-29.9 (7) (Solly, 2007); Kingsdown, 17.9 (2), 19.9, 23.9, 27.9 (NJ); Littlestone, 22.9 (KRe); Lydd, 14.9, 26.9, 28.9 (Clancy, 2007a); New Romney, 23.9 (TR). SURREY [17] Brentmoor Heath, 27.9 (GAC); Holmbury St Mary, 21.9 (PLH); South Croydon, 24.9 (GAC). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 14-24.9 (6) (Dewick, 2007). N. ESSEX [19] Jaywick, 17.9 (JPY per BG); Kirby-le-Soken, 16.9 (PBe per BG). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Bishops Stortford, 21.9 (JF per CWP); Reed, 6.7 (JR, in Clancy 2007b). BERKSHIRE [22] Wokingham, 24.9 (RHa). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Turville Heath, 28.9 (2) (TWH, in Clancy, 2007b). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 14.9 (9), 15.9 (5), 16.9 (5) (Deans, 2007a); Blythburgh, 14.9, 15.9 (2), 16.9 (2), 17.9 (DEW); Dunwich Heath, 13.9, 15.9, 16.9, 17.9 (2) [not in July as given in Moore (2007)] (DBr per AWP); Hollesley, 16.9 (5), 17.9, 23.9 (N. Mason per AWP); Landguard, 1 1.9, 14.9 (Odin, 2007); Minsmere, 14- 26.9 (80) (Harvey & Higgott, 2007); Rendham, 15.9 (MJD per AWP); Reydon, 14.9, 17.9 (B. Wentworth per AWP); Shingle Street, 16.9 (Deans, 2007a); Westleton, 18.9 (K. Alexander per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea, 14.9 (Bowman, 2007); Filby, 15.9 (DH); Hindolveston, 23.9 (JC per DH); Horning, 15.9, 22.9 (P. Heath per DH); Martham, 15.9, 17.9 (A. Dyble per DH); Overstrand, 15.9 (2), 16.9 (G. Bond per DH); Scole, 15.9, 17.9 (M. Hall per DH); Shotesham, 14.9, 15.9 (2), 16.9 (A. Musgrove per DH); Sparham, 14.9 (C. Sayer per DH); Stiffkey, 17.9 (C. Gambrill per DH); Strumpshaw Fen, 15.9 (I. Robinson per DH); Trowse, 15.9 (J. Sutton per DH). W. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [34] St Briavels, 26.9 (RGG). MONMOUTHSHIRE [35] Risca, 22.9 (MA). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Plas Tan y Bwlch, 24-28.7 (DCGB per AG). CHESHIRE [58] Great Sutton, 5.8 (M. Bellingham per SF). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Martin Mere, 28.7 (APB per SMP). W. LANCASHIRE [60] Leighton Moss, 1.8, 4.8 (K. Briggs, J. Key per SMP); Yealand Conyers, 25.7 (BH per SMP). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Muston, 14.9 (PQW per CHF); Rudston, 17.9 (ASE per CHF). ISLE OF MAN [71] Colby, 23.7 (Scott, 2007c); Laxey, 26.7 (Scott, 2007c); The Dhoon, 22.7 (Scott, 2007c). 236 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 Horning, 17.8 (P. Heath per DH); Pilson Green, 6.8 (M. Hough per DH); Scole, 14.8 (M. Hall per DH); Stoke Holy Cross, 9.8 (A. Musgrove per DH); Swannington, 9.8 (J. Welton per DH); Thurgarton, 6.8 (C. Dunster per DH); 2054 Utetheisa pulchella (L.) Crimson Speckled [I] Total no. reported: 20 By vice-county: 1 (4), 2 (1), 3 (1), 9 (6), 10 ( 1), 11 (1), 13 (1), 14 (3), 15 (2). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 20.7 (Tunmore, 2007a); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 19.10 (Scott, 2007a); IOS: Tresco, 19.10, by day (Scott, 2007a); Nanquidno, 11.6 (CM). E. CORNWALL [2] Stratton, 20.10 (SO per LACT). S. DEVON [3] Lee Moor, Dartmoor, 29.10, by day (D. Boyce per RFM). DORSET [9] Cogden Beach, 19.10 (C. Rogers per BFS); Portland, 20.10, 29.10, by day [incorrectly dated as 20.9 & 29.9 in Davey, 2007] (Cade, 2007); Walditch, 29.10 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Bexington, 28.10, 30.10 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Luccombe, 26.10 (BFS). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Funtley, 23.9 (MLO per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Findon, 20.10 (MAS per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Eastbourne, 26.10 (NT per CRP); St Leonards, 26.10 (SAR per CRP); Wadhurst, 21.10 (AECA per SJB). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 26. 10, by day (S. Davies per DW); Samphire Hoe, Dover, 26. 10, by day (IR per NJ). Figure 19. Occurrence times of Utetheisa pulchella during 2006. 2058a Hyphoraia testudinaria (Geoff.) Patton’s Tiger [I] S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 12.6, first VC record (BPH). 2067 Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda) Jersey Tiger [R][I/V] Records away from known resident populations in VC’s 2, 3, 9, 10, 16 & 17 (see Plant, 2006, for a list of recent records from the latter two VC’s). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 24.7 (Clancy, 2007a); St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 9.8 (AJM). MIDDLESEX [21] Highgate Wood, 7.8, first VC record; presumably the result of dispersal from populations to the south of the Thames (Plant, 2006). 2068 Callimorpha dominula (L.) Scarlet Tiger [R][I/V] Coastal records away from known resident populations. W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 3.7 (Davis, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] St Leonards, 2.7 (SAR per CRP) CTENUCHIDAE 2074a Antichloris eriphia (Fabr.) Banana Stowaway [In] ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Lake, 3.2, pupae found on supermarket bananas imported from Columbia, adult emerged on 5.2; first VC record (D. Dana, in Knill-Jones, 2007a). NOLIDAE 2076 Meganola albula (D. & S.) Kent Black Arches [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records, likely to relate to internal dispersal or immigration. W. CORNWALL [1] W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 9.7 (GD). 2079 Nola aerugula (Hb.) Scarce Black Arches [I] E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 19.7 (FS per IDF). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 19.7 (Deans, 2007a); Dunwich Heath, 18.7 (2), 19.7 (Moore, 2007); Mendlesham, 25.7 (S. Woolnough per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea, 3.7, 20.7 (Bowman, 2007). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 237 NOCTUIDAE 2080 Euxoa obelisca (D. & S.) Square-spot Dart [R][V/I] Extralimital records that may refer to immigrants. S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 23.7 (Spence, 2007). 2094 Agrotis crassa (Hb.) Great Dart [I][FR] SURREY [17] Buckland, 1.8, first VC record (CH). 2099 Actebia praecox (L.) Portland Moth [R][I/V] Extralimital records that may relate to immigrant examples. E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich Heath, 18.8, first modern VC record [date incorrectly given as 20.7 in Clancy, 2007b] (Moore, 2007). 2102a Ochropleura leucogaster (Frey.) Radford’s Flame Shoulder [I] W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 2-5.11 (MWS); Church Cove, The Lizard, 29.10 (MTu). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Lepe, 28.10 (RAB). E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 10.11 (JO). 2107 Noctua pronuba (L.) Large Yellow Underwing [R][I] Significant coastal influxes likely to indicate large immigrations: W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 1-3.7 (2000+), 17-18.7 (1600+) (GD). DORSET [9] Durlston, 25.7 (c.1000) (PAD). 2111a Noctua janthina ([D. & S.]) Langmaid’s Yellow Underwing [I][MC] Total no. reported: 180 By vice-county: 1 (1), 9 (4), 10 (1), 11 (27), 13 (4), 14 (8), 15 (125), 16 (2), 25 (8). Almost certainly breeding locally in VC’s 15 & 11 and probably elsewhere, all received/sourced records in 2006 are included for interest. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 4.7 (Scott, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 15.7 (MC, in Davey, 2007); West Bay, 19.7 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); West Bexington, 21.9, 24.9 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 26.7, first VC record (JH, in Knill-Jones, 2007b). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island, July (8), August (12), September (5) (Phillips, 2007); Sholing, 5.8 (A. Goodall per TN); Southsea, 27.7 (JRL per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Femhurst, 2.9 (SJP per CRP); Ferring, 11.8 (2) (THF); Walberton, 3.7, 10.7, 25.7 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 26.7 - 8.8 (6) (JS, in Clancy, 2007b); Ditchling, 8.8 (SRD per CRP); St Leonards, 27.7 (SAR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Biddenden, 12.7, 13.7, 22.7 (SJB); Dungeness area, July (49), August (35), September (1) (Clancy, 2007a); Folkestone, 19.7 (TR); Hythe, 23.7, 24.7 (2) (IR); Kingsdown area, July (13), August (9) (Jarman, 2007); Kingsgate, 18.7, 28.7, 5.8 (FS per IDF); Pegwell, 10.7, 28.7, 29.7, 5.8 (FS per IDF); West Hythe, 20.7 (3), 25.7 (SPC et al.). W. KENT [16] Grain, 1.8, 9.8 (AGJB per IDF). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, July (5), August (2) (Deans, 2007a); Ipswich, 23.7 (NS). 2137 Eurois occulta (L.) Great Brocade [I][R] Total no, immigrants reported: 420 By vice-county: 9 (4), 10 (5), 11 (23), 12 (12), 13 (9), 14 (29), 15 (45), 16 (4), 17 (5), 18 (22), 19 (6), 20 (6), 23 (1), 24 (9), 25 (14), 26 (8), 27 (35), 28 (2), 30 (5), 31 (1), 32 (12), 38 (5), 48 (1), 49 (1), 52 (1), 53 (20), 54 (25), 55 (8), 58 (2), 59 (7), 60 (3), 61 (35), 62 (2), 64 (5), 65 (3), 66 (3), 67 (8), 71 (7), 80 ( 1), 89 (1), 91 (1), 92 (3), 93 (4), 94 (4), 105 (6), 112 (5), H12 (1), H22 (1). The following records are all thought to relate to the pale immigrant form. DORSET [9] Cold Harbour, 19.8 (BW, in Davey, 2007); Durlston, 6.8 (SN, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 5.8 (Cade, 2007); Preston, 4.8 (MFo, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 5.8, 8.8, 14.8 (JH); Totland, 5.8 (2) (Knill-Jones, 2007a). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Bishops Waltham, 4.8, 6.8 (RJD, J. Creese, P. Potts per TN); Boldre, 4.8, 5.8 (JD per TN); Chandler’s Ford, 5.8 (BE per TN); Eastleigh, 5.8 (SI per TN); Fareham, 6.8 (KW per TN); Funtley, 3.8, 5.8 (2) (TDC, MLO per TN); Portchester, 5.8 (J. Stokes per TN); Ringwood, 4.8 (M. King per TN); Sholing, 5.8 (A. Goodall per TN); Southampton, 5.8 (2) (M. Pugh, PPW per TN); Southsea, 6.8 (IRT per TN); Stubbington, 3.8, 5.8 (D. Houghton per TN); Titchfield Haven, 4.8 (B. Duffin per TN); West Town, Hayling Island, 6.8 (GSAS, in Phillips, 2007); Wickham Common, 5.8, 6.8 (K. Coker per TN); Winchester, 12.8 (T. Walker per TN). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Alton, 5.8 (D. Owen per TN); Basingstoke, 5.8, 6.8 (MW, AHD per TN); Crawley, 5.8, 8.8 (RAB); Greywell, 4.8 (PAB per TN); Medstead, August, undated (M. Christopher per TN); Oakley, 4.8 (MW per TN); Selbome, 8.8, 14.8, 15.8, 16.8 (AEA per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Chichester, 4.8 (2), 5.8 (MCP per CRP); nr. Midhurst, undated (M. & K. Bridger per CRP); Sharpthome, 3.8, 5.8 (2) (P. Clark per CRP); Walberton, 5.8, 7.8 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 7.8 (2) (JS, in Clancy, 2007b); Crowborough, 5.8 (MJS per CRP); Ditchling, 4.8 (2), 14.8 (per CRP); Heathfield, 3.8, 6.8 (DRML per CRP); Northiam, 5.8 (2), 6.8 (2), 9.8 (AM per CRP); Peacehaven, 5.8, 7.8, 8.8, 9.8 (Pratt, 2007); Seaford, 4.8 (2) (GB per CRP); St Leonards, 4.8, 5.8 (2), 6.8 (SAR per CRP); Wadhurst, 4.8, 5.8 (2), 13.8 (2), 14.8 (AECA per CRP). E. KENT [15] Densole, 5.8, 238 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 7.8, 21.8 (TR, in Clancy, 2007b); Dungeness, 5.8 (AMT); Dymchurch, 3.8 (2), 9.8, 13.8 (2) (JO); Isle of Thanet, 2-27.8 (18) (Solly, 2007); Iwade, 4.8 (IC); Kingsdown, 5.8, 7.8 (NJ); Littlestone, 4.8 (KRe); Lydd, 5.8 (3), 13.8, 14.8 (KRe, CT); New Romney, 3.8 (2), 4.8, 10.8, 14.8 (SPC, AMT); South Foreland, 5.8 (M. Love); St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 5.8, 7.8, 16.8 (AJM). W. KENT [16] Grain, 5.8 (AGJB); Gravesend, 7.8 (DJLA); Northward Hill, 4.8 (2) (AGJB). SURREY [17] Guildford, 3.8 (JSA per GAC); Holmbury St Mary, 4.8 (2), 5.8 (PLH per GAC); Nutfield, 6.8 (PC per GAC). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 3-21.8 (21, inc. 4 on 14.8) (Dewick, 2007); Maldon, 4.8 (SDW per BG). N. ESSEX [19] Black Notley, 15.8 (G. Brown per BG); Great Clacton, 15.8 (G. Swayne per BG); Great Leighs, 6.8 (G. Bond per BG); Jaywick, 15.8 (JPY per BG); Langenhoe, 4.8 (H. Owen per BG); St Osyth, 8.8 (RWA per BG). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Bishops Stanford, 4.8, 6.8, 13.8 (JF, CWP); Bricket Wood, 5.8 (HE per CWP); Royston, 21.8 (JEC per CWP); Shenley, 7.8 (WPP per CWP). OXFORDSHIRE [23] Clifton, 6.8 (RIS per PJLG). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Ballinger Common, 6.8 (2) (P. Hall per MVA); Chorleywood, 3.8, 6.8 (RE1 per MVA); Radnage, 4.8 (AMG per MVA); Stony Stratford, 4.8 (MK per MVA); Stowe Park, 4.8 (CW per MVA); Turville Heath, 4.8 (TWH per MVA); Westcott, 5.8 (DLW). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 15.8 (2) (Deans, 2007a); Blythburgh, 5.8, 16.8 (DEW); Euston, 4.8 (2) (SD per AWP); Hollesley, 16.8 (Deans, 2007a); Ipswich, 16.8 (2), 17.8 (NS); Landguard, 3.8, 4.8 (Odin, 2007); Melton, 17.8 (N. Mason per AWP); Redisham, undated (N. Muddeman per AWP). W. SUFFOLK [26] Barrow, undated (A. Parr per AWP); Elveden, 4.8 (4) (SD per AWP); Nowton, undated (RFE per AWP); Santon Downham, 5.8 (J. Knowler per AWP); Shimpling, 8.8 (B. Perkins per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Barnham Broom, 6.8 (JG per DH); Eccles-on-Sea, 3.8, 8.8 (Bowman, 2007); Great Ellingham, 16.8 (CK per DH); Hindolveston, 15.8 (2) (JC per DH); Holt, 2.8, 15.8, 22.8, 25.8 (G. Follows per DH); Horning, 17.8 (P. Heath per DH); Pilson Green, 6.8 (M. Hough per DH); Scole, 14.8 (M. Hall per DH); Stiffkey, 1.8 (2), 7.8 (C. Gambrill per DH); Stoke Holy Cross, 9.8 (A. Musgrove per DH); Swannington, 9.8 (J. Welton per DH); Thurgarton, 6.8 (C. Dunster per DH); Trowse, 15.8 (J. Sutton per DH); Wells-next-the-sea, 5.8 (J. Wells per DH); Weybourne, 2.8, 3.8 (4), 4.8 (3), 5.8, 6.8 (2), 17.8, 19.8, 20.8 (MP per DH). W. NORFOLK [28] Denver, 7.8 (J. Grundy per DH); Holme-next-the- sea, 15.8 (PTi per DH). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Clifton, 5.8 (JE per AMB); Eaton Ford, 3.8, 7.8 (AAL per AMB); Haynes, 3.8 (SK per AMB); Potton, 5.8 (JL per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Ewingswode, 17.8 (RIS per PJLG). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Kettering, 7.8, 16.8 (J. Ward); Maxey, 5.8 (B. Stone per J. Ward); Pitsford, 3.8, 4.8 (2), 9.8, 15.8, 17.8 (P. Horsnail per J. Ward); Salcey Forest, 5.8 (PS per J. Ward); Wellingborough, 6.8 (D. Larkin per J. Ward); Yardley Hastings, 7.8 (J. Blincow per J. Ward). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Hillmorton, 4.8 (PFN per DCGB); Rugby, 3.8 (IGMR per DCGB); Solihull, 15.8, 17.8 (R. Ledbury per DCGB); Temple Grafton, 14.8 (AFG per DCGB). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Llwyngwril, 17.8, first VC record (JSG per AG). CAERNARVONSHIRE [49] Site/date not stated, first VC record (Howe, 2007). ANGLESEY [52] Site/date not stated, first VC record (Howe, 2007). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Boston, 24.8 (2) (BH per CS); Broadholme, 13.8, 23.8 (MG per CS); Frampton, 5.8, 14.8 (2), 15.8 (3), 16.8 (4), 25.8 (2), 26.8, 27.8 (J. Badley, P. French, EW per CS); Grimsthorpe Park, 28.8 (C. Howes per CS); Stamford, 8.8 (T. Dixon per CS). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Fiskerton, 24.8 (P. Burnett per CS); Gibraltar Point, 5.8, 15.8 (2) (Troake, 2007); Kingerby Beck Meadows, 15.8 (2) (CS); Louth, 6.8 (3), 8.8, 13.8, 15.8 (2) (R. Labbett per CS); Middle Rasen Plantation, 4.8 (CS); Muckton, 6.8, 13.8, 14.8, 16.8, 19.8, 24.8, 26.8 (2) (GW per CS); Roughton, 23.8 (K. Robertson per CS); South Cockerington, 4.8 (JJa per CS); Willingham Forest, 17.8 (CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Barrowden, 4.8 (R. Follows per APR); Edith Weston, 7.8 (VA per APR); Horninghold, 3.8 (WK per APR); Luffenham Heath, 5.8 (2) (R. Follows per APR); Lyddington, 7.8, 10.8, 16.8 (DFLper APR). CHESHIRE [58] Bramhall, 15.8 (Farrell, 2007); Marbury CP, 13.8 (Farrell, 2007). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Atherton, 21.8 (K. Brides per SMP); Briercliffe, 12.8 (TL per SMP); Newton-le- Willows, 13.8 (S. Ward per SMP); Orrell, 16.8 (PA per SMP); Rochdale, 15.8 (P. Stevens per SMP); St Helens, 14.8 (DO per SMP); Worsley, 12.8 (IW per SMP). W. LANCASHIRE [60] Endsleigh Grove, 13.8 (AJD per SMP); Longridge, 16.8 (D. Lambert per SMP); Yealand Conyers, 23.8 (BH per SMP). S.E. YORKSHIRE [611 Atwick, 30.7, 4.8, 14.8, 26.8 (WC per CHF); Filey, undated (per CHF); Flamborough, 15.8 (R. Baines per CHF); Hull, 15-29.8 (11, inc. 4 on 18.8) (PTo per BRS); Kilnsea, 3.8 (2), 13.8 (BRS, PAC); Lund, 13.8, 15.8, 17.8 (2), 19.8, 21.8 (M. Coverdale per CHF); Muston, 5.8, 18.8 (PQW per CHF); Rudston, 13.8, 15.8 (ASE per CHF); Spurn, 14.8 (BRS); Tophill Low, 16.8 (WC per CHF); Woodmansey, 13.8, 15.8, 16.8 (J. Holland per CHF). N.E. YORKSHIRE [62] Great Smeaton, 21.8 (J. Edwards per CHF); Sand Hutton, 13.8 (SPB per CHF). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [64] Horsforth, 1.8 (P. Lamer per CHF); Leeds, 3.8 (J. Walsh per CHF); Malham Tam, 22.8 (DCGB); Tadcaster, 17.8, 18.8 (D. Baker per CHF). N.W. YORKSHIRE [65] Catterick, 4.8 (2) (CHF et a/.); Hutton Conyers, 3.8 (CHF). DURHAM [66] Stockton-on-Tees, 14.8, 17.8 (J. Duffie per KWR); Darlington, 20.8 (A. Wheeldon per KWR). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Seaton Sluice, 17.8, 20.8, 21.8 (JPa per KWR); Slaley, 25.8, 26.8 (I. Hancock per KWR); Tynemouth, 5.8, 12.8, 14.8 (Tams, 2007). ISLE OF MAN [71] 13-26.8 (7, across the island) (Scott, 2007c). ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Blainslie, 19.8 (GF). E. 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 239 PERTHSHIRE [89] Kindrogan, 16.8 (RIS per PJLG). KINCARDINESHIRE [91] Netherley, 4.8 (NL). S. ABERDEENSHIRE [92] Braemar, 10.8, 16.8 (2) (RIS per PJLG). N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Oldmeldrum, 19.8, 20.8 (MRY); Woodhead, 17.8, 21.8 (H. Taylor per MRY). BANFFSHIRE [941 Ordiquhill, 1.8, 16.8, 17.8, 21.8 (RLe). W. ROSS [105] Beinn Eighe, 29-31.7, 2.8, 17.8, 18-20.8, 22.8, 24.8 (RIS per PJLG). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Baltasound, 11.8, 18.8 (MP); Eswick, 7.8 (Anon., 2007b); Virkie, 14-19.8 (2) (Anon., 2007b). WEXFORD [H12] Barnland, nr. Gorey, 4.8 (MO'D per PMW). MEATH [H22] Stamullen, 14.8 (EO’D per PMW). 01-Jul 11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug 09-Sep 19-Sep 29-Sep Figure 20. Occurrence times of immigrant Eurois occulta during 2006 (dated records). 2145 Discestra trifolii (Hufn.) Nutmeg [R][I/V] Extralimital records of potential immigrants. SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Fair Isle, 23.7 (per NF). WATERFORD [H6] Brownstown Head, 15.9 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). WICKLOW [H20] Carrigmore, 4.7 (CO per PMW); Glenmacnass, 5.8 (CO per PMW). MEATH [H22] Stamullen, 31.8 (EO’D per PMW). 2148 Polia bombycina (Hufn.) Pale Shining Brown [R][I] Extralimital, coastal records of a potentially immigrant origin. E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 18.6 (DW). 2160a Lacanobia splendens (Hb.) Splendid Brocade [I] DORSET [9] Walditch, 21.7 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, 30.9, first VC record (Hunter, 2007). E. KENT [15] Pegwell, 4.7 (Solly, 2007). 2194 Mythimna albipuncta (D. & S.) White-point [R][I/V] An established resident within the southern and eastern seaboard counties between VC’s 3 & 28, and inland to include VC’s 12, 16, 17 & 26; records are only listed from outside this area. W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 10.9, 13.9, 19.9, 24.9, 25.10 (2), 26.10, 27.10, 28.10 (MWS); Mylor Churchtown, 20.8 (JBC); The Lizard, August (4), September (1), October (2) (Tunmore, 2007a). S. SOMERSET [5] Closworth, 23.6 (JAper MY). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 18.6, 7.8, 30.8, 31.8, 4.9 (B. Fox/RIS per PJLG). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Bishops Stortford, 13.6, 18.8, 21.8, 25.8, 27.8 (JF, CWP, J. Reeves); Chiswell Green, 5.7 (WPP per CWP); Rye Meads, 17.6 (PR per CWP); Sandon, 16.9 (JR). BERKSHIRE [22] Earley, 7.7 (M. Calway per MCH); Maidenhead, 8.9 (LJF per MCH); Swinley, 22.8 (D. White per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Burnham Beeches, 13.8 (RIS per PJLG); Slough, 26.8 (RHa); Westcott, 9.6 (DLW). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Meldreth, 19.8, 31.8, 1.9, 11.9 (JR07b). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Potton, 29.8 (PDo per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Elton, 21.6 (BS per BD); Holme Fen, 22.8 (2) (BD); Old Weston, 17.8, 29.8 (KRo per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Old Sulehay, 5.9 (R. Follows per J. Ward). W. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [34] Culkerton, 1.7 (MMO per RGG). CARMARTHENSHIRE [44] St Clears, 11.7, 17.7, 19.7, 27.7 (RIS per PJLG). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Frampton, 2.9 (5) (EW per CS). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 6.8, 24.8, 26.8, 20.10 (Troake, 2007). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Lyddington, 3.9 (DFL per APR). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 23.8 (BRS). 240 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 2206 Mythimna putrescens (Hb.) Devonshire Wainscot [R][V/I] Extralimital records of immigrant/vagrant specimens. S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Northney, Hayling Island, 27.7, first modem VC record (JPh, in Phillips, 2007). 2226 Leucochlaena oditis (Hb.) Beautiful Gothic [R][I/V] E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 8.10, first VC record (DW). 2233 Lithomoia solidaginis (Hb.) Golden-rod Brindle [R][I] Extralimital records of probable immigrant examples. W. SUFFOLK [26] Sicklesmere, 20.8, first VC record (SD per AWP). 2241 Xylena vetusta (Hb.) Red Sword-grass [R][I][V] Records of a potentially immigrant origin. DORSET [9] East Lulworth, 18.10 (MSP); Portland Bird Observatory, 20.10 (MC); West Bexington, 14.10 (REd, in Davey, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Holmesley, 22.4 (RCo et al). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 23.10, 29.10, 30.10, 10.11 (JTR per CRP); Warnham, 16.4 (SB per CRP). E. SUFFOLK [25] Eye, 16.10 (PK per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Holme-next-the-sea, 25.3 (S. Barker per DH). W. NORFOLK [28] Upwell, 16.10 (J. Wheeler per DH). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea, 27.10 (BRS). 2251 Trigonophora flammea (Esp.) Flame Brocade [I][FR] Total no. reported: 21 By vice-county: 9 (5), 10 (10), 11 (3), 13 (2), 15 (1). DORSET [9] Abbotsbury, 29.10 (C. Rogers, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 17.10 (Cade, 2007); Studland, 26.10 (DCGB); West Bexington, 22.10, 26.10 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 12.10, 13.10, 17.10 (2), 18.10, 24.10, 26.10 (JH); Totland, 24.10, 25.10 (2) (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 18.10 [not 8.10 as stated in Phillips, 2007] (AJo per TN); West Town, Hayling Island, 24.10, 30.10 (GSAS, in Phillips, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring, 25.10 (THF); Walberton, 4.10 (JTR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 25.10 (KRe). 01 -Sep 1 1 -Sep 21-Sep O1-Oct 11-Oct 21-Oct 31-Oct 10-Nov 20-Nov 30-Nov Figure 21. Occurrence times of Trigonophora flammea during 2006. 2257 Jodia croceago (D. & S.) Orange Upperwing [I/R] E. SUSSEX [14] Site withheld by recorder, 1 1.5, first confirmed UK record since 1994 (per CRP). 2261 Conistra erythrocephala (D. & S.) Red-headed Chestnut [I] Total no. reported: 10 By vice-county: 1 (2), 9 (2), 10 (1), 11 (2), 15 (1), 17 (1), 25 (1). W. CORNWALL [1| IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 6.11, 15.11, first VC records (Scott, 2007a). DORSET [9] Durlston, 27.10 (AJe); West Bexington, 28.10 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Luccombe, 28.10 (BFS). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Great Linford, 17.10 (D. Westerhoff per AGP, via TN); Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 28.10 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007). E. KENT [15] Densole, 17.10 (TR, in Clancy, 2007b). SURREY [17] Nutfield, 20.4 (PC per BFS). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 12.10 (Deans, 2007a). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 241 2275 Xanthia gilvago (D. & S.) Dusky-lemon Sallow [R][V/I] Coastal records of wandering adults away from suitable breeding habitat that may be the result of immigration. DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 23.9, 17.10 (2) (MC). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 3.10 (BFS); Kingsdown, 17.9 (NJ); St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 21.9, 28.9, 29.9, 30.9 (AJM). E. SUFFOLK [25] Minsmere, 23.9 (Harvey & Higgott, 2007). 2276 Xanthia ocellaris (Borkh.) Pale-lemon Sallow [R][I][V] Extralimital/coastal records likely to relate to immigrant examples. E. KENT [15] Littlestone, 26.9, ab .gilvescens (KRe); New Romney, 16.9 (KRe). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Lang worth, 21.9, first VC record (Dobson, 2007). 2287 Acronicta auricoma (D. & S.) Scarce Dagger [I] E. SUFFOLK [25] Orfordness, 22.7 (DMc per AWP). 2290 Simyra albovenosa (Goeze) Reed Dagger [R][I/V] Extralimital, coastal records that may refer to immigrants. DORSET [9] Hengistbury Head, 4.8 (MJ, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 26.7 (MC). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 29.7 (Spence, 2007). 2292 Cryphia algae (Fab.) Tree-lichen Beauty [I][MC] Records listed exclude those clearly associated with the established resident population in VC’s 16, 17, 18 & 21, although a number of records listed are more likely to relate to internal range spread rather than primary immigration. An exceptionally high count of 113 adult C. algae from Buckingham Palace gardens [21] on 26.7 (THF) gives some indication of the size of this resident population. S. DEVON [3] Torquay, 4.8, 5.8 (2) (WD per RFM), 9.8 (BPH, RFM), first VC records [first three records incorrectly stated to have occurred at Torquay during the last week of July in McCormick (2006)]. DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 20.7 (Cade, 2007); Swanage, 21.7 (R. Cox, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 20.7, 26.7, 7.8, 8.8, 14.8, 16.8, 17.8, 21.8 (JH); Totland, 28.7 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Bishops Waltham, 4.8 (MLO); Fareham, 6.8 (KW per TN); Hayling Island, July (19), August (4) (Phillips, 2007); Hill Head, 27.7 (RJC per TN); Locks Heath, 10.8 (P. Carr per TN); Portchester, 25.7 (3) (J. Stokes per TN); Southsea, 24.7, 30.7, 3.8 (JRL, IRT per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring, 28.7 (THF per CRP); Middleton-on-Sea, 11.8 (OL per CRP); Walberton, 21.7, 25.7 (2), 26.7 (2), 27.7 (2), 29.7 (3), 30.7, 6.8 (2), 7.8 (2) (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 30.7 (2), 3.8, 5.8, 10.8, 11.8 (JS, KNA per CRP); Icklesham, 24.7, 26.7 (Hunter, 2007); St Leonards, July (6), August (3) (SAR per CRP); Three Oaks, Hastings, 26.7 (2) (TWH, in Clancy, 2007b); Wadhurst, 27.9 (AECA per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 18.7, 21.7, 26.7 (2) (MJD, BFS, SPC); Folkestone, 19.7 (2), 26.7 (4) (TR), 5.8 (AGJB); Greatstone, 25.7 (JJo); Isle of Thanet, July (30), August (5) (Solly, 2007); Kingsdown area, July (7), August (3) (Jarman, 2007); Littlestone, 26.7, 28.7, 29.7, 3.8 (KRe); New Romney, 25.7, 26.7, 29.7 (AMT, KRe). W. KENT [16] Gravesend, 15.7, 26.7 (DJLA). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 26.7, 27.7 (Dewick, 2007). N. ESSEX [19] Dovercourt, 19.7, 21.7, 27.7 (2) (C. Gibson per BG); Kirby-le-Soken, 25.7 (PBe per BG); Mashbury, 24.7 (M. Tarrant per BG); St Osyth, 21.7, 26.7 (RWA per BG). BERKSHIRE [22] Appleford, 19.7, first VC record (R. Lewington per MCH). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 25.7 (2), 26.7, 8.8, 16.8 (Deans, 2007a); Landguard, 21.7, 25.7, 26.7 (Odin, 2007); Orfordness, 22.7 (DMc per AWP). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Thrapstone, 25.7, first VC record (MH per J. Ward). 2294 Cryphia raptricula (D. & S.) Marbled Grey [I] E. KENT [15] Pegwell, 19.7 (Solly, 2007). 2304 Trachea atriplicis (L.) Orache Moth [I][FR] Total no. reported: 13 By vice-county: 3 (1), 9 (3), 14 (2), 16 (1), 18 (1), 36 (5). S. DEVON [3] Uplyme, 27.6 (AK, in Clancy, 2007b). DORSET [9] Durlston, 25.7 (PAD); Portland Bird Observatory, 4.7 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington, 19.7 (Eden, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, 12.6, 21.7 (Hunter, 2007). W. KENT [16] Ightham, 1.7 (PJB per IDF). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 31.7 (Dewick, 2007). HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 22.8, 5.9, 12.9, 21.9, 13.10 (RHe per P. King). 2309 Methorasa latreillei (Dup.) Latreille’s Latin [I] E. KENT [15] Samphire Hoe, Dover, 27.10, first VC record (TR). 2310a Eucarta virgo (Treit.) Silvery Gem [In?] HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 29.6, new to Britain (Hemming & Grundy, 2007). 242 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 2313 Enargia paleacea (Esp.) Angle-striped Sallow [R][I] Extralimital records of probable immigrants. E. SUSSEX [14] Ditchling, 4.7 (SRD per CRP); Hurst Green, 15.7 (M. Phillips per CRP). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Southampton, 18.8 (M. Pugh per TN). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Longmarston, 12.9 (P. Bygate per BFS). 2347 Chortodes extrema (Hb.) Concolorous [R][I] Coastal records away from known resident populations. E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 25.6, 2.7 (NJ); Pegwell, 4.7 (Solly, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Woodbridge, 17.7 (CWP perAWP). 2349 Chortodes fluxa (Hb.) Mere Wainscot [R][I/V] Coastal records away from known resident populations. DORSET [9] Charmouth, 10.7 (GS, in Davey, 2007); Kingston, 16.7 (2) (Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 27.7 (MC). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 21.7 (KRe); Greatstone, 22.7 (2) (JJo, BBa); New Romney, 20.7, 23.7 (SPC). E. SUFFOLK [25] Blythburgh, 6.8 (DEW). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea, 20.7 (BRS). 2373 Archanara sparganii (Esp.) Webb’s Wainscot [R][I/V] Extralimital, coastal records that may refer to immigrants. S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 17.8, first VC record (Tams, 2007). 2376 Sedina buettneri (Her.) Blair’s Wainscot [R][I] E. SUFFOLK [25] Rendham, 23.9, first VC record (Deans, 2007b). 2386c Spodoptera cilium (Guen.) Dark Mottled Willow [I] W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 19.10, 28.10 (MWS). 2387a Platyperigea kadenii (Frey.) Clancy’s Rustic [MC][I] Records from the southern and eastern seaboard counties between VC’s 9 & 25 have been excluded from the 2006 report as these are thought to be mainly associated with recently established resident populations. W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 21.9 (Tunmore, 2007a); Maenporth, 15.10 (Davis, 2007); Mylor Churchtown, 11.9 (JBC, in Davis, 2007); first VC records. S. DEVON [3] Plympton, 23.9 (RJH per RFM); Topsham, 19.10 (TW per RFM); Uplyme, 27.9, 13.10, 14.10 (AK); West Hill, 14.10 (PJB per RFM). 2392a Proxenus hospes (Frey.) Porter’s Rustic [I] Total no. reported: 21 By vice-county: 3 (2), 9 (9), 10 (1), 14 (2), 15 (5), 19 (1), 25 (1). S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 20.8 (BPH); Teignmouth, 21.8 (RFM); first VC records. DORSET [9] Broadmayne, 5.9 (CPB-J); Portland Bird Observatory, 20.8 (3), 22.8, 6.9 (Cade, 2007); Preston, 1.9 (MFo); Puddletown, 22.8 (HWH); Weymouth, 27.8 (PHS, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 19.8, first VC record (JH, in Knill-Jones, 2007b). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 19.8 (KNA per SPC); Icklesham, 22.8 (Hunter, 2007); first VC records. E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 21.8, 23.8 (JO); Greatstone, 24.8 (JJo); Lydd-on-Sea, 2.9 (DBe); Sandwich, 3.9 (IDH per IDF). N. ESSEX [19] Magdalen Laver, 18.8, first VC record (TWG per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 16.9, second VC record (Deans, 2007a). ' ' ' y! ' |JJ jig u 1 a II , Ol-Jul 11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug 09-Sep 19-Sep 29-Sep Figure 22. Occurrence times of Proxenus hospes during 2006. 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 243 2401 Heliothis viriplaca (Hufn.) Marbled Clover [R][V/I] Coastal/extralimital records likely to relate to immigrant or vagrant examples. N. ESSEX [19] Daws Hall NR, 25.7 (R. Wren per BG). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea, 6.8 (Bowman, 2007). W. NORFOLK [28] Holkham, 11.6 (G. Follows per DH); Syderstone, 12.9 (B. Wells per DH). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Ring Haw, 26.7 (R. Follows per J. Ward). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 28.6, first modem VC record (Troake, 2007). 2404 Heliothis nubigera (H.-S.) Eastern Bordered Straw [I] Total no. reported: 19 By viee-eounty: 1 (2), 9 (2), 11 (3), 14 (1), 15 (5), 17 (1), 18 (1), 22 (1), 38 (1), 41 (1), H27 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 16.6 (MWS); Maenporth, 14.6 (GD). DORSET [9] Durlston, 1.6 (PAD); West Bexington, 12.8 (REd). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Funtley, 26.5 (MLO per TN); Brambridge, nr. Eastleigh, 26.8 (B. Hedley, det. TN); Portchester, 14.6 (J. Stokes per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Crowborough, 18.6, first VC record (MJS per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 18.6, 19.6 (DW); Dymchurch, 1.6 (APT); Kingsgate, 22.5 (FS); New Romney, 13.6 (AMT, SPC); first VC records. SURREY [17] Holmbury St Mary, 28.5, first VC record (PLH). S. ESSEX [18] Steeple, 3.6 (C. Harding per BG). BERKSHIRE [22] Femham, 17.5, first VC record (SN). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Charlecote, 24.6, first VC record (DCGB). GLAMORGAN [41] Bridgend, 14.6, new to Wales (EMC). W. MAYO [H27] Tarmon, Mullet Peninsula, 4.6, new to Ireland (D. Suddaby per PMW). Figure 23. Occurrence times of Heliothis nubigera during 2006. 2407 Eublemma ostrina (Hb.) Purple Marbled [I] Total no. reported: 10 By vice-county: 1 (6), 9 (1), 15 (3). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 12.9 (Tunmore, 2007a); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 16.6, 23.9, 3.10, 9.10 (Scott, 2007a); Nanquidno, 28.9 (CM). DORSET [9] Kingston, 10.10 (P. Benham). E. KENT [15] Dover, 27.10 (TR, in Clancy, 2007b); Dungeness, 6.9 (KRe); Dymchurch, 30.9 (JO). 2407a Eublemma purpurina (D. & S.) Beautiful Marbled [I] Total no. reported: 9 By vice-county: 1 (2), 3 (1), 11 (1), 13 (1), 15 (1), 19 (1), 25 (2). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 23.6, 29.6 (MTu). S. DEVON [3] West Hill, 14.10 (PJB). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Beaulieu, 30.7 (BI-J per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Findon, 27.9, first VC record (MAS per CRP). E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 21.9 (JP1). N. ESSEX [19] Beaumont Quay, 23.9, first VC record (A. Prior, V. Weston per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 21.9 (MJD); Dunwich Heath, 22.9 (CCM); first VC records. 2408 Eublemma parva (Hb.) Small Marbled [I] Total no. reported: 44 By vice-county: 1 (8), 2 (2), 3 (2), 9 (16), 10 (2), 11 (4), 13 (2), 15 (1), 17 (1), 41 (2), 47 (1), 48 (1), 55 (1), H20 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 13.6, 24.6, 29.6, 22.7, 25.7 (MWS); IOS: St Mary’s, 23.9, by day (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth, 18.6 (Davis, 2007); Mylor Churchtown, 25.6 (JBC, in Davis, 244 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 2007). E. CORNWALL [2] Rame Head, 3.8, by day (LACT); Torpoint, 16.6 (LACT). S. DEVON [3] Torquay, 29.6, 26.7 (WD per RFM). DORSET [9] Durlston, 16.6 (SN, in Davey, 2007); Gillingham, 13.6 (GRH, in Davey, 2007); Kingcombe, 16.6 (PHS, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 12.6, 21.7 (3), 22.7, 23.7, 25.7, 26.7, 6.8 [first record incorrectly dated as 4.6 in Cade (2007)] (MC); Preston, 14.6 (RLa, in Davey, 2007); West Bexington, 26.7, 22.10 (Eden, 2007); Weymouth, 21.7 (PH). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 18.6 (JH); Totland, 7.8 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Funtley, 21.7 (MLO per TN); Lymington, 23.7, 27.7 (PDu per TN); Pennington Marsh, 25.7 (RBW per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 1.8, 6.8 (JTR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Ramsgate, 28.10 (Solly, 2007). SURREY [17] Barnes, 17.6 (MRH). GLAMORGAN [41] Gorseinon, 14.6 (Gilmore, 2007); Oxwich Burrows, 21.6 (D. Painter per BFS). MONTGOMERYSHIRE [47] Commins Coch, 5.8, first VC record (PRW). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Morfa Harlech, 6.8, first VC record (Hicks & Bantock, 2007). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Loughborough, 24.6, first VC record (PPC per APR). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 15.6 (AT per PMW). Figure 24. Occurrence times of Eublemma parva during 2006. 2411 Deltote deceptoria (Scop.) Pretty Marbled [I] W. SUSSEX [13] Rewell Wood, nr. Arundel, 10.6 (CH). 2413 Deltote bankiana (Fab.) Silver Barred [R][I/V] Coastal records away from known populations. E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 10.7 (PGA); Greatstone, 29.6 (JJo); Kingsdown, 1.7 (NJ); Littlestone, 5.7 (KRe); New Romney, 5.7, 7.7 (KRe); St Margaret’s at Cliffe, 26.6, 1.7 (AJM). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 18.6 (Dewick, 2007). N. ESSEX [19] Copperas Wood, 10.6 (P. Smith per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 13.6, 4.7, 6.7 (Deans, 2007a); Dunwich Heath, 18.6 (Moore, 2007); Orfordness, 12.6, 7.7 (DMc per AWP). 2413a Pseudeustrotia candidula (D. & S.) Shining Marbled [In?] HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 28.10, new to Britain (Bradley, 2007). 2415 Acontia lucida (Hufn.) Pale Shoulder [I] DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 24.7 (Cade, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 11.9 (DW), Greatstone, 8.8 (BBa); Lydd-on-Sea, 30.7 (DBe). 2420 Earias insulana (Boisd.) Egyptian Bollworm [I][In] S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Holbury, 28.10, second VC record (JEC per TN). 2420a Earias vittella (Fabr.) Eastern Bollworm [In][I?] LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Wigston, 1.7, first VC record (A. Poole per APR). 2428 Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esp.) Golden Twin-spot [I][In] Total no. reported: 25 By vice-county: 14 (1), 15 (4), 18 (3), 25 (14), 27 (1), 38 (1), 55 (1). E. SUSSEX [14] St Leonards, 26.10 (SAR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 24.9 (JHC); Kingsgate, 15.10, 19.10 (Solly, 2007); Westgate, 17.10 (Solly, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 20.10 (2) (Dewick, 2007); Maldon, 18.10 (SDW per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Aldeburgh, 21.7 (NS per AWP); Bawdsey, 17.10, 19.10, 20.10 (2), 27.10, 29.10 (Deans, 2007a); Blythburgh, 17.10 (DEW); Dunwich 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 245 Heath, 14.10, 15.10 (2) (Moore, 2007); Landguard, 14.10, 16.10 (Odin, 2007); Orfordness, 10.9 (DMc per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Swannington, 30.10 (J. Welton per DH). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Grendon, 18.9, first VC record (RJT per DCGB). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Ravenstone, 19.10, first VC record (KT per APR). Figure 25. Occurrence times of Chrysodeixis chalcites during 2006. 2430 Ctenoplusia limbirena (Guen.) Scar Eank Gem [I] E. KENT [15] Pegwell, 29.6, first VC record (FS). 2433 Trysanoplusia orichalcea (Frey.) Slender Burnished Brass [I] [In] W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 17.8, 22.10 (Scott, 2007a). DORSET [9] Winterbome, 23.6 (I. Cuff, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 27.10 (BFS, in Knill-Jones, 2007a). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Linford, Ringwood, 14.10 (AGP). 2436 Macdunnoughia confusa (Steph.) Dewick’s Plusia [I][In] Total no. reported: 25 By vice-county: 1 (6), 3 (5), 9 (3), 12 (1), 13 (1), 14 (3), 15 (3), 17 (1), 25 (1), 66 (1). W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 14.9 (Tunmore, 2007a); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 21.8, 29.8, 9.9 (Scott, 2007a); Land’s End, 2.7 (GBH); Sennen, 20.7 (M. Elliot). S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 24.9 (BPH); Exmouth, 9.9, 17.9, 18.9 (D. Wall per RFM); Topsham, 14.9 (TW per RFM). DORSET [9] Puddletown, 16.9, 10.10 (HWH, in Davey, 2007); Weymouth, 12.6 (PHS, in Davey, 2007). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Crawley, 25.9 (RAB). W. SUSSEX [13] Chichester, 2.6 (MCP). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, 28.7 (Hunter, 2007); Rye Harbour, 3.10 (Bentley, 2007); St Leonards, 30.9 (SAR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Kingsdown, 17.7, 25.9 (NJ); Lydd, 29.7 (KRe). SURREY [17] Barnes, 23.9 (MRH). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 27.7 (Deans, 2007a). DURHAM [66] Souter Lighthouse, 10.8, first VC record (per KWR). Figure 26. Occurrence times of Macdunnoughia confusa during 2006. 246 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 2444 Autographa bractea (D. & S.) Gold Spangle [R][V/I] Extralimital records of potentially immigrant examples. DORSET [9] Cold Harbour, 15.8 (BW, in Davey, 2007). 2447 Syngrapha interrogationis (L.) Scarce Silver Y [R][I] Total no. immigrants reported: 98 By vice-county: 11 (4), 13 (3), 14 (3), 15 (19), 17 (1), 19 (2), 25 (6), 26 (2), 27 (15), 53 (1), 54 (7), 56 (1) , 61 (9), 67 (1), 94 (3), 105 (4), 106 (10), 112 (7). The following records are all thought to relate to the plumbeous-grey immigrant form. S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 3.8, 4.8 (AJo, in Phillips, 2007); West Town, Hayling Island, 3.8, 4.8 (GSAS, in Phillips, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Edburton, 5.8 (T. Wilson per CRP); Walberton, 5.8, 7.8 (JTR per CRP); first VC records. E. SUSSEX [14] Hailsham, 28.7 (C. Ball per CRP); Icklesham, 3.8 (Hunter, 2007); Seaford, 4.8 (GB per CRP); first modern VC records. E. KENT [15] Biddenden, 3.8 (2) (SJB); Dumpton, 5.8 (Solly, 2007); Dungeness, 5.8 (3) (DW); Faversham, 16.8 (DWJ per IDF); Greatstone, 3.8 (2) (BBa); Kingsdown, 3.8 (NJ); Lydd, 4.8 (2) (KRe); New Romney, 3.8, 4.8 (KRe); Pegwell, 4.8 (3), 5.8 (Solly, 2007); Ruckinge, 6.8 (BBo). SURREY [17] Lingfield, 5.8 (KEN per GAC). N. ESSEX [19] St Osyth, 4.8, 14.8 (RWA per BG). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 13.8 (Deans, 2007a); Hollesley, 14.8 (Deans, 2007a); Ipswich, 5.8 (J. Cawston per AWP); Landguard, 6.8 (Odin, 2007); Minsmere, 5.8, 12.8 (Harvey & Higgott, 2007). W. SUFFOLK [26] Nowton, undated (2) (RFE per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Hickling, 2.7, 1.8 (2) (TNDP per DH); Holme-next-the-sea, 15.8 (PTi per DH); Scole, 6.8 (2) (M. Hall per DH); Stiffkey, 14.8 (C. Gambrill per DH); Wells-next-the-sea, 5.8 (J. Wells per DH); Weybourne, 2.8 (4), 4.8 (2), 8.8 (MP per DH). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Kate’s Bridge, 4.8 (R. Goff per CS). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 6.8 (Troake, 2007); Muckton, 4.8, 5.8 (2), 6.8 (GW per CS); South Cockerington, 3.8, 6.8 (JJa per CS). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Ollerton, 5.8 (SW et al.). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Easington, 3.8, 5.8 (MFS per BRS); Spurn, 2-15.8 (7) (Spence, 2007). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 14.8 (Tams, 2007). BANFFSHIRE [94] Qrdiquhill, 1.8, 4.8, 14.8 (RLe). W. ROSS [105] Beinn Eighe, 4.8 (2) , 5.8 (2) (RIS per PJLG). E. ROSS [106] Cromarty, 6.8 (2), 7.8 (2), 8.8, 9.8 (2), 10.8 (2), 12.8 (RIS per PJLG). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Baltasound, 3.8, 17.8 (MP); Eswick, 5.8, 6.8, 19.8; Ocraquoy, 29.7; Virkie, 15.8 (Anon, 2007b). 15-Jun 25-Jun 05-Jul 15-Jul 25-Jul 04-Aug 14-Aug 24-Aug 03-Sep 13-Sep Figure 27. Occurrence times of immigrant Syngrapha interrogationis during 2006 (dated records). 2451 Catocala fraxini (L.) Clifden Nonpareil [I][FR] Total no. reported: 22 By vice-county: 3 (1), 8 (1), 9 (3), 10 (2), 11 (3), 12 (1), 13 (1), 14 (3), 15 (1), 25 (1), 27 (1), 61 (1), 112 (3). S. DEVON [3] Exmouth, 26.9 (D. Wall per PJB). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 25.9 (B. Fox). DORSET [9] East Lulworth, 19.9 (MSP); Puddletown, 12.9 (HWH); Studland, 23.9 (CMM, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 16.9 (JH); Totland, 15.9 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Northney, Hayling Island, 12.10 (JPh, in Phillips, 2007); Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 26.9 [not 24.9 by 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 247 AJo as given in Phillips (2007)] (RAB per TN); Wickham Common, 11.10 (K. Coker per TN). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Dummer, 5.9 (PF per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Fontwell, 26.9 (J. Knight, I. Lang). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 16.9 (DNB); Icklesham, 15.9 (Hunter, 2007); Ticehurst, 23.9 (MFr per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 4.9 (DW). E. SUFFOLK [25] Blythburgh, 21.9 (DEW). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea, 18.9 (Bowman, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 16.9 (Spence, 2007). SHETLAND ISLANDS [1121 Eswick, 17.9 (Anon., 2007b); Virkie, 15.9, 17.9 (Anon., 2007b). Figure 28. Occurrence times of Catocala fraxini during 2006. Unlisted Catocala amatrix (Hb.) [In] GLAMORGAN [41] Margam, October, adult found dead in a package imported from Kentucky, U.S.A (Gilmore, 2007). 2455 Catocala sponsa (L.) Dark Crimson Underwing [R][I] E. KENT [15] Pegwell, 19.7 (Solly, 2007). 2455b Pandesma robusta (Walk.) [In] GLAMORGAN [41] Roath, Cardiff, 26.1, adult found dead in oranges imported from Spain (Gilmore, 2007). 2456 Minucia lunaris (D. & S.) Lunar Double-stripe [I][FR] S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Pennington Marsh, 9.6, second VC record (RBW per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 11.5 (KNA). 2460 Dysgonia algira (L.) Passenger [I] Total no. reported: 12 By vice-county: 10 (1), 14 (1), 15 (8), 18 (1), 21 (1). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 12.9, first VC record (Knill-Jones, 2007b). E. SUSSEX [14] St Leonards, 27.9, first VC record (SAR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 10.9 (DW), 30.9 (MH, KT); Kingsdown, 20.8, 23.9 (JP1); Littlestone, 12.9, 24.9 (KRe); Lydd-on-Sea, 28.9 (DBe); St Margarets at Cliffe, 23.9 (AJM). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwe!l-on-Sea, 20.9 (SJD). MIDDLESEX [21] Ealing, 13.7, first VC record (P.A. Brown). 2464 Catephia alchymista (D. & S.) Alchyrnist [I] E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 26.8 (JS). 2464a Aedia leucomelas (L.) Sorcerer [I] ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 1 1.9, new to Britain (Knill-Jones, 2007b). 2465 Tyta luctuosa (D. & S.) Four-spotted [R][I/V] Coastal/extralimital records of possible immigrant or vagrant examples. E. KENT [15] West Hythe, 19.7 (N. Gill), 25.7 (SPC). E. NORFOLK [27] Weyboume, 21.7 (MPper DH). 2478 Hypena obsitalis (Hb.) Bloxworth Snout [R][V/I] Records outside the known breeding range in VC’s 3 & 9; likely to relate to immigration, internal dispersal or undetected breeding colonies. W. CORNWALL [1] Mylor Churchtown, 28.9 (JBC, in Davis, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 1.9 (JH); Totland, 17.9 (SAK-J). W. SUSSEX [13] Worthing, 26.9 (JHC). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven, 12.9 (Pratt, 2007). 248 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 2488a Pechipogo plumigeralis (Hb.) Plumed fan-foot [I][MC] Total no. reported: 20 By vice-county: 11 (2), 12 (1), 14 (2), 15 (7), 18 (3), 21 (5). Records away from a single locality in VC 14 where this species has been occurring in small numbers since 2000 and is likely to be breeding (per CRP). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Southsea, 14.9, 26.9, first VC records (JRL). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Crawley, 26.9, first VC record (RAB). E. SUSSEX [14] Bexhill, 24.9 (KNA), 11.10 (JS). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 2.10 (DW); Kingsdown, 11.10 (NJ); Lydd, 21.9 (KRe); New Romney, 23.9 (2) (AGIB), 24.9 (SPC); Pegwell, 26.9 (Solly, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 23.9, 24.9 (Dewick, 2007); South Woodford, 16.10 (W. Coster per BG). MIDDLESEX [21] Buckingham Palace gardens, 4.7, 26.9 (4), first VC records (Freed, 2007). Figure 29. Occurrence times of probable immigrant Pechipogo plumigeralis during 2006. ANNEX 2: SELECTED RECORDS OF COMMONER MIGRANT SPECIES IN 2006 Numerical summaries are not provided for the migrant butterfly species listed in Annex 2, or for Autographa gamma , due to the generalised, non-specific nature (or absence) of reports of these species from many sites. Significant records, site totals and general comments have been given for these species, and county summaries of the diurnal records of the migrant butterflies and Macroglossum stellatarum are provided where these have been made available in spreadsheet format. The overall totals and numbers given in the tables for species often recorded diurnally such as Plutella xylostella and Nomophila noctuella refer to light-trap records, as only records of this nature were recorded and reported systematically. However, figures provided for Macroglossum stellatarum represent all reported records, with light- trap records also listed separately elsewhere in the account for this species. It has also not been possible to allocate months of occurrence to all the records of nocturnal Annex 2 species reported. It is therefore the case that the total given for the number of reported records is based on the figures given in the distributional table, this generally being greater than the sum of the monthly totals given within the lower table. Only records of adults are included in the tables and numerical totals and, 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 249 whilst it is likely that these will not be comprehensive for the commoner species, the geographical and chronological occurrence patterns presented should closely reflect the overall picture for each species. Key to the symbols used within the distribution tables: SW South-west England (VC’s 1-4). CS Central southern England (coastal) (VC’s 5, 6, 9-1 1, 13). SE South-east England (coastal) (VC’s 14-16, 18, 19). EA East Anglia & Lincolnshire (VC’s 25-28, 53, 54). SI Southern England (inland) (VC’s 7, 8, 12, 17, 20-24, 29-34). W Wales (VC’s 35, 41-52). CE Central England (inland) (VC’s 36-40, 53-58). NE North-east England (VC’s 61, 62, 66-68). NW North-west England & the Isle of Man (VC’s 59, 60, 63-65, 69-71). S Scotland (VC’s 72- 11 2). I Ireland (VC’s HI -H40). YPONOMEUTIDAE 0464 Plutella xylostella (L.) [R][I] Total no. reported (light-trap records only): 46741 Distribution of records: 1 sw CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 3652 20650 9372 3300 2522 894 2079 1923 1073 554 722 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 - 21 4027 9962 25928 2418 1479 1454 216 _ I 19 Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 1915 (Scott, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 13383 (Cade, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Southsea - 1612+ at two sites (JRL, IRT per TN). E. KENT [15] Isle of Thanet - 6732 at six sites (Solly, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey - 1257 (Deans, 2007a); Landguard - 1235 (Odin, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn - 931 (Spence, 2007). N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Oldmeldrum - 100+ (MRY). Earliest dates: S. SOMERSET [5] Thurlbear, 22.4 (JMc per MY). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 2.1, 23.4 (MC). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hedge End, 22.4 (D. Hamilton per TN); Southsea, 16.4 (IRT per TN); Stubbington, 22.4 (D. Houghton per TN); Upham, 21.4 (3) (RID, KW per TN). W. KENT [16] Grain, 18.1 (AGJB per IDF). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Studham, 4.4 (CB per CWP). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Seaton Sluice, 13.4 (2), 14.4 (2) (JPa per KWR). Latest dates: E. KENT [15] Faversham, 11.12 (DWJ per IDF); Lydd-on-sea, 20.12 (DBe per SPC). SURREY [17] South Croydon, 14.12 (GAC). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 15.12 (AT per PMW). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 9.6 (103) (MWS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 12.6 (1078), 25.6 (570), 2.7 (502), 16.7 (c.500), 25.7 (c.3500), 26.7 (c.1500) (MC). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Southsea, 25.7 (200) (JRL per TN). E. KENT [15] Ramsgate, 19.7 (268), 21.7 (180), 23.7 (112) (FS per IDF). BERKSHIRE [22] Faringdon, 5.5 (97) (MFVC per MCH). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Shenton, 25.7 (91) (GLF per APR). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Chorlton, 8.7 (100+) (B. Smart per SMP). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 27.7 (103) (BRS). Large diurnal counts: S. HAMPSHIRE [11 j Ocknell Plain, 5.7 (1000) (DGG per TN). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Morfa Dyffryn, 13.5 (100+) (JJH per AG). NORTH EBUDES [104] Ramasaig, 9.5 (100+) (THF). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 4.5 (100+) (AT per PMW). Most northerly records: W. SUTHERLAND [108] Tongue, 11.6 (3), 15.6 (8) (DD per JW). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 7.6 (2) (Anon., 2007b); Fair Isle, 17.6, 30.6, 21.7 (3), 22.7, 23.7, 29.7, 30.7, 4.8, 16.8 (2), 12.9 (per NF); Foula, 23.9, 26.9 (Anon., 2007b); Northdale, 9.5 (Anon., 2007b). Immature stages: S. LANCASHIRE [59] Chorlton, 8.7 (100 larvae), 11.7 (‘a few thousand larvae, pupae and adults’) (B. Smart, in Palmer, 2007b & 2007c). 250 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 PYRALIDAE 1395 Udea ferrugalis (Hb.) [I] Total no. reported: 25890 Distribution of records: sw CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 12539 5110 4956 1058 302 452 241 139 359 45 685 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 20 - - 10 110 2075 1334 7762 2930 9632 1809 _ — _ Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 8246 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 1537 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 1527 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 1910 (Cade, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 1470 at eleven sites (Clancy, 2007a). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 2.1 (5), 3.1 (9) (MWS). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 25.12 (17) (MWS). SURREY [17] Holmbury St Mary, 13.12 (2) (PLH). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 15.12 (Dewick, 2007). GLAMORGAN [41] Whitchurch, 19.12 (Gilmore, 2007). MONTGOMERYSHIRE [47] Commins Coch, 15.12 (PRW). E. CORK [H4] Ballea Hill, 25.12 (KGMB). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 25.12 (ABr per PMW). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 8.8 (260) (MTu); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 13.8 (256), 15.8 (240), 18.8 (344), 18.10 (260), 27.10 (342) (MWS). DORSET [9] Durlston, 28.10 (c.100) (JHC); Portland Bird Observatory, 12.10 (114), 17.10 (105), 7.11 (86) (MC). E. KENT [15] Greatstone, 28.10 (85) (BBa). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 17.10 (186) (Dewick, 2007). Most northerly records: N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Oldmeldrum, 14.9 (MRY); Woodhead, 20.10 (4) (H. Taylor per MRY). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill, 28.9 - 7.11 (c.12) (RLe). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Baltasound, 3.9 (MP); Eswick, 15.9, 17.9, 25.9, 26.9 (4) (Anon., 2007b); Ocraquoy, 30.10 (Anon., 2007b). Selected inland VC records/summaries: N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 1 1.6 - 28.11; VC total: 47+ (per TN). SURREY [17] Holmbury St Mary, 6.8-13.12 (22) (PLH). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 13.8 - 30.10; VC total: 23+ (per CWP). MIDDLESEX [21] Bushy Park, 4.8 (THF). BERKSHIRE [22] VC date range: 14.6 - 30.10; VC total: 12+ (per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 26.7 - 29.11; VC total: 47+ (per MVA). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 2.7 - 1.12; VC total: 69+ (per BD). GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33/34] County date range: 18.6, 6.8 - 30.10; county total: 26+ (per RGG). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC total: 99 (per APR). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 18.8 - 7.11; total: 72+ (per CHF). STIRLINGSHIRE [86] Lenzie Moss, 1 1.9, first VC record (JK, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). 1398 Nomophila noctuella (D. & S.) [I] Total no. reported (light-trap records only): 74576 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 27760 19840 13080 5354 1294 1393 546 735 394 : 2533 1647 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 11 24 156 827 6699 22905 25264 17388 356 36 Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 19321 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 2013 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 2107 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 8023 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 2108 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland - 1 117 (SAK-J per TN). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 4142 at eleven sites (Clancy, 2007a). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 28.3 (2) (MWS). ISLE OF MAN [71] No site, March (1), undated (Scott, 2007c). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 30.3 (AT per PMW). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 251 Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 29.12 (22) (MWS). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Hull, 5.12 (PTo per BRS). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 4.7 (403), 25.7 (201), 15.8 (393), 17.8 (402), 18.8 (913), 19.8 (326), 20.8 (439), 21.8 (705), 22.8 (446), 23.8 (256), 24.8 (328), 25.8 (212), 26.8 (388), 27.8 (550), 28.8 (315), 3.9 (222), 9.9 (507), 10.9 (276), 13.9 (278), 23.9 (424), 24.9 (310), 26.9 (339). 1.10 (302), 2.10 (237), 9.10 (245), 10.10 (250), 11.10 (451), 18.10 (730), 19.10 (457) (MWS); West Pentire 17.8 (246) (RF). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 20.8 (236), 21.8 (217), 4.9 (431), 6.9 (341), 14.9 (362), 16.9 (362), 17.9 (243), 12.10 (189), 30.10 (162) (MC). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Southsea, 14.9 (96) (JRL per TN). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 27.10 (228) (DW); Lydd-on-sea, 27.10 (94) (DBe). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 16.10 (92) (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 25.9 (120), 26.9 (126) (MJD per AWP). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] South Cockerington, 11.10 (150) (JJa per CS). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 25.9 (208), 26.9 (1326), 28.9 (774) (Anon., 2007b). Large diurnal counts: E. CORNWALL [2] Penlee, 24.8 (1000) (LACT). E. KENT [15] Broadstairs, 26.9 (400) (FS per IDF). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Burrow, 14.9 (129) (ABr). Most northerly records: N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Fyvie, 30.8 (H. Taylor per MRY); Oldmeldrum, 11.8 - 15.10 (5) (MRY); Woodhead, 12.10 (5) (H. Taylor per MRY). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill, 11.8 - 22.10 (c. 14) (RLe); Troup Head, 18.6 (4) (NL per MRY). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 7.6, 15.9 (12), 17.9 (23), 25.9 (208), 26.9 (1326), 28.9 (774) (Anon., 2007b); Fair Isle, 22.8, 15.9, 25- 30.9 (36, plus many more recorded diumally), 12.10, 17.10, 22.10 (4) (per NF); Foula, 23.9 (2), 25.9 (5), 26.9 (11), 27.9 (4) (Anon., 2007b); Ocraquoy, 26.9 (3) (Anon., 2007b); Tresta, 23.9 (2) (Anon., 2007b). Selected inland VC records/summaries: SURREY [17] Holmbury St Mary, 28.5 - 31.10 (86) (PLH). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 17.7 - 25.10; VC total: 73+ (per CWP). MIDDLESEX [21] Buckingham Palace gardens, 26.7, 6.9 (2), 26.9 (3) (THF); Bushy Park, 12.6 (3), 4.8 (8), 22.8 (3) (THF). BERKSHIRE [22] VC date range: 17.5 - 29.10; VC total: 79+ (per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 25.5 - 30.10, VC total: 361+ (per MVA). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 16.6 - 30.10, VC total: 156+ (per BD). GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33/34] County date range: 11.5 - 30.10; county total: 47+ (per RGG). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC total: 250 (per APR). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 26.7 - 22.10, total: 168+ (per CHF). KILDARE [H19] Belan, Moone, 17.7 (KGMB per PMW). 1408 Palpita vitrealis (Rossi) [I] Total no. reported: 813 Distribution of records: sw CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 381 251 111 10 12 22 2 - 7 17 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - - 36 9 122 271 346 22 2 Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 146 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 66 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 103 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 43 (Cade, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch - 40+ (JH, BFS). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island - 21 at four sites (Phillips, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring - 16 (THF). E. KENT [15] Isle of Thanet - 20 at six sites (Solly, 2007); Kingsdown area - 23 at three sites (Jarman, 2007). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 11 [total incorrectly given as 12 in Bryant & Walsh (2007)] (PMW). Earliest dates: DORSET [9] Durlston, 10.6 (SN per PHS); Portland Bird Observatory, 12.6 (MC). Latest dates: S. HAMPSHIRE [11] West Town, Hayling Island, 4.12 (GSAS per JPh). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 1.12 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven, 20.11 (CRP). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 25.8 (7), 3.9 (7) (MTu); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 21.8 (8), 3.9 (15), 4.9 (7), 9.9 (5), 24.9 (9), 12.10 (5), 19.10 (6), 28.10 (10) (MWS). DORSET [9] Durlston, 27.10 (7), 28.10 (6) (JHC); Portland Bird Observatory, 5.9 (5) (MC). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 28.10 (8) (JH); Luccombe, 28.10 (20) (BFS). W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring, 17.10 (8) (THF). Most northerly records: CARMARTHENSHIRE [44] Llansteffan, 10.9, first VC record (JSB, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). MONTGOMERYSHIRE [47] Commins Coch, 26.6, first VC record (PRW). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Kate’s Bridge, 28.9, first VC record (RWG, in Langmaid & Young, 252 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 2007). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Loughborough, 29.10 (PPG per APR); Lyddington, 28.10 (DFL per APR). W. LANCASHIRE [60] Heysham, 12.9 (DJH per SMP); Lancaster, 16.9, found dead (C. Barnes per SMP); first VC records. ISLE OF MAN [71] No site(s), June (1), September (2), October (2) (Scott, 2007c). DOWN [H38] Murlough NNR, 16.10, first VC & N. Ireland record (ER per PMW). Selected inland records: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Hilperton, 6.11 (E&MS). SURREY [17] Carshalton, 15.10, 30.10 (DAC per JPo); Holmbury St Mary, 11.10, 25.10 (PLH); Ockley, 30.10 (WA per JPo). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Bishops Stortford, 10.10 (JF per CWP); Hertford, 3.9 (AW per CWP). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Newport Pagnell, 23.10, 29.10, first VC records (G. Redford, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Witcham, 16.9, first VC record (D. Hopkins, in Langmaid & Young, 2007). E. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33] Haresfield, 23.6 (R. Pearce per RGG). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Loughborough, 29.10 (PPC per APR); Lyddington, 28.10 (DFL per APR). Evidence of breeding: DORSET [9] Preston, 16.9, female ovipositing on Ligustrum ovalifolium (MFo, in Sterling, 2007). PIERIDAE 1545 Colias croceus (Geoff.) Clouded Yellow [I][MC] Selected annual totals: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 790 (Scott, 2007a). S. SOMERSET [5] Hillfarrance Reservoir - 427 (M. Barry per MY). E. KENT [15] Dungeness - 98+ at two sites (per SPC); Isle of Thanet - 53 (Solly, 2007). W. CORK [H3] Dursey Island - 69 (Scott, 2007b). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 136 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). VC/County summaries: SOMERSET [5/6] 1.6 -4.11, 544+ adults (per MY). KENT [15/16] 10.5 - 9.11, 68 tetrads (Easterbrook, 2007). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] 12.5 - 6.11, 42+ adults (per BD). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] 11.6-16.10, 56+ adults (per AG). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE/DERBYSHIRE [56/57] 23.7 - 30.9, 21+ adults (Gilbert, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] 11.5 - 1.11, 53 tetrads (Shaw, 2007). LANCASHIRE [59/601 106+ adults from 76 tetrads (Sivell, 2007). IRELAND [Hl-40] 8.5 - 4. 1 1, 1521 adults in 24 counties (per PMW). CORK [H3/4/5] 358 adults (per PMW). WATERFORD [H6] 226 adults (per PMW). WEXFORD [H12] 200 adults (per PMW). DOWN [H38] 410 adults (per PMW). Non-specific comments: W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, ‘present in exceptional numbers’ (GD); The Lizard, ‘present in numbers during the late summer and autumn months’ (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Bridport area, ‘seen from June; in October numbers were seen at various sites, particularly on the undercliffs around Eype and Seatown, where it has been noted in previous years’ (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); Portland, ‘relatively numerous between late July & mid-October’ (Cade, 2007). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island, ‘recorded commonly between 12.7 & 9. 1 V (Phillips, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, ‘first seen at the end of May, then reasonably frequently until 6.11 when I saw 10 at St Catherine’s Point; lots were seen 5-7.8 on the seafront, possibly just arriving’ (JH). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, ‘an excellent year’ (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Landguard, ‘one on 21.6 preceded records on 23 dates between 17.8 & 29.10 with a peak count of six on 6.9’ (Odin, 2007); Minsmere, six between 20.7 & 12.10 (Harvey & Higgott, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 18 between 14.6 & 29.10 (18) (BRS). Earliest dates: DORSET [9] Portland, 10.4 (Cade, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] St Leonards, 5.5 (SAR per CRP). Latest dates: E. CORNWALL [2] Seaton, 29.11 (LACT per J. Worth). DORSET [9] Portland, 29.11 (Cade, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] No site, 28.1 1 (Knill-Jones, 2007a). E. SUSSEX [14] St Leonards, 19.11 (SAR per CRP). Large counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 19.9 (42) (Scott, 2007a). S. DEVON [3] Crapstone, 31.7 (30+) (MRY); Slapton, 7.8 (20) (JHC). S. SOMERSET [5] Hillfarrance Reservoir, 3.8 (31), 11.8 (31), 24.8 (47), 6.9 (37) (M. Barry per MY). N. SOMERSET [6] Shapwick, 26.9 (24) (J. Burfield per MY). E. SUSSEX [14] Seaford, 29.10 (26) (DNB per CRP). DOWN [H38] Legnaboe, Sheepland More, 8.9 (150) (MM per PMW). Most northerly records: ISLE OF MAN [71] No site, 21.8 (pair in cop.) (C. Wormwell). Selected inland records/VC summaries: W. SUSSEX [13] Horsham, 2006 total: 16 (SB per CRP); Pease Pottage, 17.6 (C. Prince per CRP); Warnham, 18.7 (2) (SB per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] East Grinstead, 23.9 (JHC per CRP). SURREY [17] West Molesey, 16.9 (2) (GAC). W. KENT [16] Hadlow, 10.5 (Easterbrook, 2007). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 12.5 - 6.11, VC total: 42+ (per BD). DERBYSHIRE [57] Lathkill Dale, 25.6 (JW, R. Holme). Light-trap records: S. SOMERSET [5] Wiveliscombe, 10.9 (PTe per MY). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 25.7 (Cade, 2007). Evidence of breeding: E. CORNWALL [2] Colonies present at Par and Holmbush producing locally- bred broods in July and September (R. Lane per J. Worth). S. SOMERSET [5] Hillfarrance Reservoir, 25.10, ovipositing female (M. Barry per MY). PEMBROKESHIRE [45] St Brides, July, pair in cop. (I. Wallace). CHESHIRE [58] Woolston Eyes, 1.11, pair in cop. (Shaw, 2007). ISLE OF MAN [71] No site, 21.8, pair in cop. (C. Wormwell). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 253 NYMPHALIDAE 1590 Vanessa atalanta (L.) Red Admiral [R][I] Selected annual totals: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 1194 (Scott, 2007a). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven - 364 (Pratt, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness Bird Observatory - 5900+ (DW). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Martin Mere - 397 (Sivell, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn - 1898 (Spence, 2007). W. CORK [H3] Dursey Island - 181 (Scott, 2007b). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 291 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). VC/County summaries: SOMERSET [5/6] 30.1 - 2.11, 185+ adults (per MY). KENT [15/16] 21.1 - 30.12, 285 tetrads (Easterbrook, 2007). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] 23.3 - 26.11, 415+ adults (per BD). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE/DERBYSHIRE [56/57] 16.2 - 5.12, 750 records (Gilbert, 2006). LANCASHIRE [59/60] Recorded from 327 tetrads (Sivell, 2007). IRELAND [Hl-40] 4.4 - 16.12, 5849 adults in 27 counties (per PMW). CORK [H3/4/5] 1127 adults (per PMW). DONEGAL [H34/35] 836 adults (per PMW). DOWN [H38] 1224 adults (per PMW). Earliest dates (active): E. CORNWALL [2] Looe, 2.1 (P. Saunders per J. Worth). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Pig Bush, New Forest, 4.1 (M. Duffy); Winchester, 4.1 (B. Fletcher). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham, 3.1 (Hunter, 2007). CHESHIRE [58] Congleton, 1.1 (Shaw, 2007). S.W. YORKSHIRE [63] Pontefract, 11.1 (Cooper, 2006). Latest dates (active): W. KENT [16] Blackheath, 30.12 (Easterbrook, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell- on-Sea, 30.12 (3) (Dewick, 2007). N. ESSEX [19] Great Braxted, 30.12 (G. Evans); Lawford, 30.12 (A. Lansdown). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Cambridge, 30.12 (T. Sparks); Great Eversden, 30.12 (V. Perrin). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Woodwalton Fen, 30.12 (K. Wolstencroft). Large counts: E. KENT [15] Dover, 3.10 (100+), 23.10 (700+), 27.10 (c.400), moving south-west (IH, in Easterbrook, 2007); Dungeness, 7.10, 12.10, ‘thousands noted coming in off the sea from the east’ (Walker, 2007); Kingsgate, 16.10 (300) (Solly, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Landguard, 7.10 (200+), passing south (Odin, 2007). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Stretham, 26.9 (76), along 20 metrre ivy hedge (I. Barton). PEMBROKESHIRE [45] Skomer Island, 20.7 (100) (Darke, 2006). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Morfa Dyffryn, 14.10, ‘a spectacular migration headed SSW covering an area of dunes & beach several hundred yards wide, observed for about an hour but ongoing at arrival and departure’ (Hicks & Bantock, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 26.9 (100), 4.10 (115), 23.10 (130), all passing south (BRS). FIFESHIRE [85] Cambo, 3.10 (64) (D. Spooner per JW). S. ABERDEENSHIRE [92] Blackdog Links, 3.9 (89), passing south (NL per MRY). N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Pitmedden, 17.9 (60+) (H. Rowe per MRY). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill, 20.8 (c.150), 11.9 (54, at sugar by day) (RLe). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Out Skerries, 23-24.9 (c.60) (Anon., 2007b). W. CORK [H3] Cape Clear Island, 17.10 (80) (CCBO per S. Wing, via PMW). Light-trap records: W. CORNWALL [1] Longstone, St Mary’s, 1.9 - 22.10 (12) (MWS); The Lizard, October (5) (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, July (8, inc. 6 on 25.7), August (5), September (4), October (12) (MC). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven, 16.7, 23.7, 30.9, 14.10, 20.10 (Pratt, 2007). E. KENT [15] Lydd, 26.9 (JHC); New Romney, 19.9 (SPC). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 5.10, 18.10, 24.10, 25.10 (Deans, 2007a). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay, 15.9, 5.10 (per PMW). Immature stages: E. SUSSEX [14] Hastings Country Park, 19-20.6, larvae (GAC). W. KENT [16] Bamehurst, 1.8, two pupae (JHC). W. PERTHSHIRE [87] Saddle Hill, 19.8, larva (DD per JW). MORAY [95] Inchbroom, 19.7, larva (JW). IRELAND [Hl-40] ‘Larvae noted as far north as Donegal’ (per PMW). 1591 Vanessa cardui (L.) Painted Lady [I] Selected annual totals: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 571 (Scott, 2007a). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven - 166 (Pratt, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness Bird Observatory - 892 (DW). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn - 650 (Spence, 2007). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 531 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). VC/County summaries: SOMERSET [5/6] 29.3 - 4.10, 190+ adults (per MY). KENT [15/16] 29.4 - 11.11, 209 tetrads (Easterbrook, 2007). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] 5.5 - 15.11, 270+ adults (per BD). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE/DERBYSHIRE [56/57] 11.5 - 30.10, 420 records (Gilbert, 2006). LANCASHIRE [59/60] Recorded from 254 tetrads (Sivell, 2007). IRELAND [Hl-40] 4.4 - 4.11, 4685 adults in 29 counties (per PMW). CORK [H3/4/5] 1208 adults (per PMW). WATERFORD [H6] 596 adults (per PMW). DONEGAL [H34/35] 618 adults (per PMW). DOWN [H38] 851 adults (per PMW). Non-specific comments: ISLE OF WIGHT [10] ‘The best year since 1996’ (Knill-Jones, 2007a). E. KENT [15] Isle of Thanet, ‘particularly common from July to September’ (Solly, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, ‘exceptional numbers by the end of July’ (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, ‘many hundreds throughout the summer months’ (Deans, 2007a); Landguard, ‘from 19.5 to 19.11 in reasonable numbers’ (Odin, 2007); Minsmere, ‘small numbers from 20.7 to 12.10’ (Harvey & Higgott, 2007). 254 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 Earliest dates (active): W. CORNWALL [1] The Lizard, 28.3 (Tunmore, 2007a). S. SOMERSET [5] Chard, 29.3, 30.3 (H. Hughes per MY). DORSET [9] Portland, 28.3 (Cade, 2007). Latest dates (active): W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth, 29.11 (GD). E. CORNWALL [2] Seaton beach, 17.12 (SCM per J. Worth). DORSET [9] Portland, 3.12 (Cade, 2007). Large counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 21.7 (100) (MWS per J. Worth). S. DEVON [3] Slapton, 7.8 (c.100) (JHC). E. KENT [15] Boughton Monchelsea, 27.7 (100+) (Easterbrook, 2007); Dungeness, 24.7 (80) (Walker, 2007); Pegwell, ‘several dates from 23.7’ (up to 200) (Solly, 2007). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Earith, 23.7 (47) (D. Griffiths per BD); Little Paxton Pits, 25.7 (41) (anon, per BD). PEMBROKESHIRE [45] Skomer Island, 5.7 (200) (Darke, 2006). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 30.7 (50+) (Troake, 2007). DERBYSHIRE [57] Long Dale, nr. Bakewell, 28.7 (76) (F. Harrison, in Gilbert, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] Walgherton, 28.7 (111) (Shaw, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 5.8 (40) (BRS). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill, 22.8 (18) (RLe). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Fair Isle, 7.6 (20) (per NF). E. DONEGAL [H34] Inishtrahull, 6.6 (100) (E. Johnston per PMW). Light-trap records: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 20.7, 2.10 (MWS); The Lizard, August (1) (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 25.7, 3.8, 4.8, 17.8, 31.8 (MC). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Christchurch, 26.10 (JHC). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 28.7 (2), 30.7, 1.8, 4.8 (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 11.10 (Deans, 2007a). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay, 27.6 (per PMW). Immature stages: E. CORNWALL [2] Bude, 1 1-12.7, larvae in three locations (GAC); Delabole, 6-8.7, larvae in seven locations (GAC); Morwenstow, 12-13.7, larvae in two locations (GAC). N. DEVON [4] Welcombe Mouth, 15.7, larvae (GAC). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Llwyn-iarth, 20.7, larval spinnings (ANG); Trawscoed, 19.7, larva (AG). IRELAND [Hl-40] ‘Larvae noted as far north as Donegal’ (per PMW). W. DONEGAL [H35] Meenaleenaghan, 24.7 (400 larvae) (R. Aldwell per PMW). GEOMETRIDAE 1716 Rhodometra sacraria (L.) Vestal [I] Total no. reported: 2744 Distribution of records: sw cs SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 704 1131 229 34 269 88 91 15 68 17 98 Months of occurrence: Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec J Jan - 27 189 87 1838 538 2 - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 266 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 67 (Davis, 2007: N.B. monthly totals published in Davis, 2007 for Oct/Nov. should refer to Sep/Oct.); The Lizard - 142 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). S. DEVON [3] Uplyme - 60 (AK). S. SOMERSET [5] Closworth - 35 (JA per MY). DORSET [9] Bridport area - 64 (Parsons & Brereton, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory - 138 (Cade, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Island total - 46+ (SAK-J, JH et al.). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton - 61 (JTR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 49 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery - 35 (AT per PMW). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 10.6, 11.6 (4) (MWS). E. CORNWALL [2] Cotehele, 11.6 (RIS per PJLG); Torpoint, 10.6, 12.6 (LACT, AP). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Wickham Common, 14.6 (K. Coker per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 14.6 (JTR per CRP). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 11.6 (AT per PMW). Latest dates: W. SUSSEX [13] Wamham, 10.11 (SB per CRP). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 10.11 (AT per PMW). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 10.9 (10) (Tunmore, 2007b); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 5.9 (24), 23.9 (31), 24.9 (26), 25.9 (12), 19.10 (14) (MWS). S. SOMERSET [5] Closworth, 17.9 (7) (JA per MY). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Steeple Ashton, 24.9 (7) (E&MS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 11.9 (30), 12.9 (13), 13.9 (17), 15.9 (14) (MC). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Dummer, 12.9 (7) (PF per TN); Selbome, 11.9 (7) (AEA per TN). GLAMORGAN [41] Reynoldston, 6.9 (9) (Gilmore, 2007). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 23.9 (11) (AT per PMW). Most northerly records: AYRSHIRE [75] Auchincruive, 21.9 (RIS per PJLG). RENFREWSHIRE [76] Kilmacolm, 22.9 (2), 23.9 (NG); Lochwinnoch, 23.9 (P. Baker per NG). ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Galashiels, 25.9 (JW); Nether Blainslie, 23.9, 3.10 (A. Fitchett per JW). W. LOTHIAN [84] Winchburgh, 26.9 (GF). FIFESHIRE [85] Dunfermline, 22.9 (DD). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill, 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 255 23.9, second VC record (RLe). E. INVERNESS-SHIRE [96] Aviemore, 29.9 (JHC); Dalchreichart, 24.9 (J. Bowman per JW). ARGYLLSHIRE [98] Glencoe, 26.9 (RIS per PJLG). W. ROSS [105] Beinn Eighe, 21.9 (RIS per PJLG). E. ROSS [106] Cromarty, 24.9 (RIS per PJLG). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 26.9, second VC record (Anon., 2007b). Selected inland VC records/summaries: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 22.9 (B. Fox); Porton Down, 9.10, 12.10 (RIS per PJLG); Steeple Ashton, 13.9 - 16.10 (19) (E&MS). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 14.6 - 30.10; VC total: 64 (per TN, RIS). W. KENT [16] Beckenham, 5.9, 24.9 (MDB, GH). SURREY [17] VC date range: 18.6 - 31.10; VC total: 34 (per GAC, BFS, RIS). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 25.7, 12.9 - 29.9; VC total: 9 (per CWP, RIS). MIDDLESEX [21] London Zoo, 21.9 (RIS per PJLG). BERKSHIRE [22] VC date range: 22.7 - 20.10; VC total: 20 (per MCH, RHa). OXFORDSHIRE [23] Clifton, 12.9 (RIS per PJLG); Marsh Gibbon, 16.9 (RIS per PJLG); Shifford, 31.7 (RIS per PJLG); Witney, 23-24.7 (RIS per PJLG). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 23.7 - 18.10; VC total: 26 (per MVA, RIS). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Odell, 23.9 (HAS per AMB); Studham, 23.9 (CRBB per AMB); Turvey, 16.9 (BJM per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 13.9 - 22.10; VC total: 17 (per BD, RIS). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] VC date range: 12.9 - 27.10; VC total: 53 (per J. Ward). GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33/34] County date range: 24.7, 11.9 - 28.10; county total: 12+ (per RGG). HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 10.9 (2) (RHe per P. King); Haugh Wood, 12.9 (per P. King); Hereford, 11-13.9, 26-27.9 (RIS per PJLG). WARWICKSHIRE [38] VC date range: 25.7, 13.9 - 20.10; VC total: 20 (per DCGB, RIS). STAFFORDSHIRE [39] Compton Park, 13.9 (RIS per PJLG). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Baston, 23.9 (R. Goff per CS); Broadholme, Lincoln, 26.7, 11.9, 13.9, 21.9 (MG per CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC date range: 24.7 - 28.10; VC total: 36 (per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Eakring, 12.9 (2) (TDP per SW); Nuthall, 12.9, 16.9 (PSB per SW); West Bridgford, 22.9 (REF per SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] VC date range: 24.7 - 26.10; VC total: 11 (Budworth, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] Alsager, 12.9, 17.9, 28.9 (MD per SF); Burleydam, 23.9 (E. Jones per SF); Cheadle Hulme, 12.9, 13.9 (GL per SF); Crewe, 20.9 (A. Firth per SF); Disley, 13.9 (A. Bissitt per SF); Macclesfield, 23.9 (S. Browne per SF); Nantwich, 23.9 (3) (P. Griffiths per SF). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Urmston, 12.9 (2) (M. Dockery per SMP); Worsthorne, 13.9 (2), 17.9 (GG per SMP). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 12.9 - 17.10; total: 18 (per CHF). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Corbridge, 1.10, 4.10 (M. Greene per KWR); Slaley, 13.9 (I. Hancock per KWR). ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Galashiels, 25.9 (JW); Nether Blainslie, 23.9, 3.10 (A. Fitchett per JW). E. INVERNESS-SHIRE [96] Aviemore, 29.9 (JHC); Dalchreichart, 24.9 (J. Bowman per JW). FERMANAGH [H33] Nr. Crom, 22.9 (J. Bullock, K. Murphy per PMW); Aghalane, 23.9 (J. Bullock per PMW). TYRONE [H36] Bond’s Bridge, 25.9 (J. Nimmons, K. Murphy per PMW); Eglish, 25.9 (J. Nimmons, K. Murphy per PMW). 1720 Orthonama obstipata (Fab.) Gem [I] Total no. reported: 1185 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 288 297 335 87 44 32 8 8 25 5 56 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 5 13 31 66 79 124 701 74 4 Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 114 (Scott, 2007a); The Lizard - 50 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). S. DEVON [3] Uplyme - 46 (AK). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 138 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Isle of Thanet - 42 at six sites (Solly, 2007). E. CORK [H5] Fota, Carrigtwohill - 21 (RIS per PJLG). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 22.4 (4) (MWS). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 31.3 (B. Fox). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 30.11 (2) (MWS). E. SUSSEX [14] Brede, 30.11 (DNB per CRP). E. KENT [15] E. KENT [15] Lydd-on-sea, 2.12, 7.12 (RC1). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Pitsford, 1.12 (P. Horsnail per J. Ward). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Flixton, 14.12 (K. McCabe per SMP). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 13.11 (11) (MWS). S. DEVON [3] Uplyme, 17.10 (11) (AK). E. SUSSEX [141 Brede, 18.10 (11) (DNB per CRP); St Leonards, 30.10 (9) (SAR per CRP). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich, 17.10 (14) (DCGB). 256 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 Most northerly records: S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 25.10 (Tams, 2007); Tynemouth Priory, 28.9 (KWR). RENFREWSHIRE [76] Kilmacolm, 6.10 (NG per JW). STIRLINGSHIRE [86] Rowardennan, 25-27.8 (RIS per PJLG). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill, 21.10, first VC record (RLe). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 15.9, 28.9 (Anon, 2007b). Selected inland records: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 31.3, 30.10 (B. Fox); Steeple Ashton, 14.6, 31.10 (E&MS). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 6.5, 3.7, 19.7, 9.10 - 30.10; VC total: 10 (per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Crawley Down, 10.10, 29.10 (JHC). W. KENT [16] Sevenoaks, 25.9 (PPH). SURREY [17] Lingfield, 6.8 (KEN per GAC); South Croydon, 24.9 (GAC). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Barnfield, 25.7, 27.7 (RIS per PJLG); Harpenden, 21.10 (RIS per PJLG). BERKSHIRE [22] Earley, 17.10 (NMH); Farmoor, 5.10, 24-29.10 (2) (RIS per PJLG); Fernham, 11.6 (SN per MCH); Radley Gravel Pits, 1.7 (MVFC, MCT per MCH). OXFORDSHIRE [23] Marsh Gibbon, 31.7 (RIS per PJLG); Witney, 27-30.9 (RIS per PJLG). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Chorleywood, 26.7 (RE1 per MVA); Radnage, 21.10 (AMG per MVA); Willen, 13.10 (GEH per MVA). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Eaton Ford, 14.10 (AAL per AMB); Turvey, 29.10 (BJM per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Hemingford Grey, 5.9 (NG-D per BD); Old Weston, 15.10 (KRo per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Greatworth, 17.10 (T. Stokes per J. Ward); Kingsthorpe, 6.8 (PS per J. Ward); Northampton, 10.10 (R. Gill per J. Ward); Pitsford, 17.10, 1.12 (P. Horsnail per J. Ward); Woodnewton, 12.10 (N. Smith per J. Ward). E. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33] Winchcombe, 13.6 (L. Kent per RGG). W. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [34] Slimbridge, 25.8 (A. Prior et al. per RGG); Culkerton, 27.10 (MMO per RGG). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Bidford on Avon, 28.10 (RMC per DCGB). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Broadholme, Lincoln, 8.8 (MG per CS); Market Deeping, 2.9 (AD per CS); Washingborough, 9.8 (K. Skelton per CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Belgrave, 4.9 (APR); Rutland Water, 13.10 (RIS per PJLG); Shenton, 27.10 (GLF per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Brackenhurst, 28.9 (SW et al). CHESHIRE [58] Marple, 10.6 (MS per SF). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Flixton, 14.12 (K. McCabe per SMP). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [641 Tadcaster (D. Baker per CHF). STIRLINGSHIRE [86] Rowardennan, 25-27.8 (RIS per PJLG). KILDARE [H19] Maynooth, 3.8 (P Strickland per PMW) SPHINGIDAE 1972 Agrius convolvuli (L.) Convolvulus Hawk-moth [I][In] Total no. adults reported: 2335 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 310 654 624 454 87 42 22 57 29 21 35 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - - 4 11 80 1936 262 - - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 85 (Scott, 2007a); The Lizard - 144 (peninsula total) (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 71 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 74 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Island total - 1 18 (Knill- Jones, 2007a); Totland - 65 (SAK-J). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton - 41 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham - 54 (Hunter, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 105 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Dymchurch - 100+ (JO); Isle of Thanet - 80 at six sites (Solly, 2007); Kingsdown area - 48 at three sites (Jarman, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich area - 43+ at three sites (DBr, DCGB per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Weybourne - 93 (MP per DH). Earliest dates: E. SUSSEX [14] Rye Harbour, June (1), undated (Bentley, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich Heath, 30.6 (CCM per AWP). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 17.6 (BRS). Latest dates: W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring, 28.10 (THF per CRP). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich, 30.10 (DCGB); Hollesley, 29.10 (N. Mason per AWP). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 10.9 (48) (Tunmore, 2007b); Maenporth, 10.9 (9) (GD); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 26.9 (14) (MWS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 25.9 (9) (MC). E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 15.9 (19) (JO). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich Heath, 22.9 (13) (DBr per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Weybourne, 22.9 (10), 24.9 (10), 26.9 (12), 27.9 (9) (MP per DH). Most northerly records: LANARKSHIRE [77] Hamilton, 22.8 (C. Dunlop per JW). S. ABERDEENSHIRE [92] Bellabeg, 21.8 (F. Gordon). E. INVERNESS-SHIRE [96] Aviemore, 9.10 (J. Grierson per JW). E. ROSS [106] Garve, 27.9 (S. Tarr per JW). OUTER HEBRIDES [110] Baile a Mhanaich, 1 1.9 (I. Tamm per JW). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Baltasound, 27.8 (2) (Anon., 2007b); 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 257 Bressay, 28.8 (Anon., 2007b); Eswick, 21.8 (2), 26.8, 22.9 (3), 25.9 (Anon., 2007b); Fair Isle, 22.9 (per NF); Ocraquoy, 20.8 (2), 31.8, 17.9 (Anon., 2007b); Ulsta, 23.9 (Anon., 2007b). Selected inland VC reeords/summaries: N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 6.9 - 3.10; VC total: 27 (per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Crawley Down, 17.9, 20.9, 21.9, 23.9 (JHC). SURREY [17] VC date range: 12.9 - 22.9, VC total: 6 (per GAC). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 16.9 - 24.9; VC total: 7 (per CWP, JR). BERKSHIRE [22] Earley, 24.9 (M. Calway per MCH); Owlsmoor, Sandhurst, 20.10 (IDM). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 23.7, 16.9 - 28.9, VC total: 6 (per MVA). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Meldreth, 23.9 (JR, in Clancy 2007b). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Great Barford, 23.9 (MFVC per AMB); Haynes, 13.9 (SK per AMB); Turvey, 23.9 (BJM per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 15.9 - 23.9, VC total: 7 (per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] VC date range: 27.8 - 18.10; VC total: 22 (per J. Ward). E. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33] Cirencester, 12.9 (IE per RGG); Withington, 18.7 (PDJH per RGG). HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 10.9, 23.9 (RHe per P. King). WARWICKSHIRE [38] VC date range: 2.9 - 29.9, VC total: 7 (per DCGB). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC date range: 21.9 - 27.9; VC total: 7 (per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Edingley, 29.9 (per J. Ellis, via SW); Stanton-on-the- Wolds, 18.9 (MGS per SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] Three undated records from Ault Hucknall, King’s Newton and Littleover (Budworth, 2006). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 22.8 - 22.10, total: 9 (per CHF). LANARKSHIRE [77] Hamilton, 22.8 (C. Dunlop per JW). S. ABERDEENSHIRE [92] Bellabeg, 21.8 (F. Gordon). E. INVERNESS-SHIRE [96] Aviemore, 9.10 (J. Grierson per JW). FERMANAGH [H33] Ballycassidy, Enniskillen, 18.9 (J.H. Northridge per PMW) Immature stages: W. SUSSEX [13] Shoreham, 29.10, larva (A. Horton per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Beckley, 18.9, larva (S. Barnes per CRP); Rye Harbour, late October, three larvae (Bentley, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 12.10, ‘several larvae’ (D. Bunney per SPC), 24.10, ‘several larvae’ (per DW); Lydd, 13.10, larva (D. Oilier). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea, undated, ‘at least one larva’ (Bowman, 2007). GLAMORGAN [41] Porthcawl, September, ‘larvae’ (Gilmore, 2007). Offshore records: Adult came aboard a fishing boat c. three miles offshore to the east of Whitby [62] on 4.10 (W. Norman per CHF). Adult by day on deck of ship at sea to the east of Galley Head [H3] on 5.9 (B. Fitzgerald per KGMB). 1984 Macroglossum stellatarum (L.) Humming-bird Hawk-moth [I] Minimum no. adults reported: 6586 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 882 664 837 895 776 327 338 331 525 109 902 Months of occurrence (active): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 4 3 21 29 1164 846 2158 1475 688 39 2 Selected annual totals: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 317 (Scott, 2007a). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland - 85 (SAK-J); Ventnor - 62 (ABu per SAK-J). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Dummer - 70 (PF per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Woodingdean - 90+ (R. Musselle per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Peacehaven - 135 (Pratt, 2007); St Leonards - c.80 (SAR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 319+ (Clancy, 2007a). E. SUFFOLK [25] Landguard - 66 (Odin, 2007). DERBYSHIRE [57] Matlock - 35 (Budworth, 2006). E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea - 111+ (P. Martin per BRS). W. CORK [H3] Dursey Island - 61 (Scott, 2007b). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 69 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). VC/County summaries: E. CORNWALL [2] 8.4 - 9.11, 115+ adults & 1 larva (per LACT). SOMERSET [5/6] 16.4, 10.6 - 23.9, 45+ adults (per MY). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] 17.1 - 13.11, 190+ adults (per SAK-J, TN). HAMPSHIRE [11/12] 13.2, 6.4-21.11, 390+ adults (per TN). KENT [15/16] 21.4 - 18.11, 167+ adults (per IDF). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] 14.4, 4.6 - 3.10, 69+ adults (per CWP). BERKSHIRE [22] 14.6 - 14.10, 44+ adults (per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] 2.6 - 30.10, 136+ adults (per MVA). SUFFOLK [25/26] 25.3, 6.6 - 14.11, 570+ adults (per AWP; Odin, 2007). NORFOLK [27/28] 12.6 - 18.10, 115+ adults (per DH). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] 11.6 - November, 147+ adults (per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] 12.6 - 30.10, 111+ adults (per BD). MONMOUTHSHIRE [35] 1 .6 - 9. 1 1 , 46+ adults (per MA). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] 1 1 .6 - 4. 1 1 , 40+ adults (per AG). LINCOLNSHIRE [53/54] 12.6 - 16.11, 61+ adults (per CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] April, 10.6 - 9.10, 80+ adults (per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] 16.6 - 17.9, 48+ adults (per SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] June - October, 57 adults (Budworth, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] 29.4, 10.6 - 21.10, 105+ adults (per SF). LANCASHIRE [59/60] 10.6 - 16.11, 260+ adults & 5 larvae (per SMP). 258 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 YORKSHIRE [61-65] 1.6 - 24.10, 308 adults & 2 larvae (per CHF). NORTHUMBERLAND [67/68] 1.6 - 10.10, 25+ adults (per KWR). AYRSHIRE/RENFREWSHIRE [75/76] 8.6 - 26.9, 8.11, 16 adults (per NG). IRELAND [Hl-40] 9.2, 12.3, 17.5 - 5.11, 902+ adults (per PMW). CORK [H3/4/5] 573 adults (per PMW). WATERFORD [H6] 99 adults (per PMW). DOWN [H38] 52 adults (per PMW). Non-specific comments: DORSET [9] Portland, ‘a very good year with records between 25.2 & 31.10 (Cade, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, ‘abundant all season, by day and frequently at light’ (JH). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, ‘first seen on 10.6, then noted commonly until 16.10 . 2006 was almost certainly our best year ever’ (Dewick, 2007). Earliest dates (active): W. CORNWALL [1] Heamoor, 13.2 (S. Rouncefield per J. Worth). DORSET [9] Portland, 25.2 (Cade, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Newport, 17.1 (Knill-Jones, 2007a). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Gosport, 13.2 (L. Marshall perTN). W. SUFFOLK [26] Bury St Edmunds, 25.3 (M. Dean per AWP). E. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33] Gloucester, 24.3 (R. Pearce per RGG). W. CORK [H3] Dursey Island, 9.2 (post-hibernation) (Scott, 2007b). MID-CORK [H4] Cork City, 12.3 (T.C. Kelly per PMW). Latest dates (active): E. CORNWALL [2] Trenarren, 21.12 (R. Lane per J. Worth). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Michelmersh, 21.1 1 (P. Budd per TN). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Petersfield, 27.12 (M. Hampton). E. KENT [15] Lydd, 18.11 (EC). E. SUFFOLK [25] Beyton, 14.11 (G. Hayes per AWP). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Haxey, 16.11, indoors (CS). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Whiston, 16.11 (B. Smart per SMP). Large counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 10.9 (13 to light) (Tunmore, 2007b); offshore, 11.6 (30), visiting a boat c. six miles south-west of Bishop’s Rock, Scillies (Scott, 2007a). E. SUSSEX [14] Holywell, Eastbourne, 25.8 (15+) (S. Young per CRP). W. CORK [H3] Cape Clear Island, 14.10 (100) (CCBO per S. Wing, via PMW); Lough Hyne, 11.6 (30) (T.C. Kelly per PMW). Most northerly records: N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Pitmedden, 17.9 (H. Rowe per MRY). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill, 22.8, 23.8 (RLe). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Cunningsburgh, 19.9 (Anon., 2007b); Eswick, 28.6 (Anon., 2007b); Fair Isle, 15.6, 28.6, 29.9, 5.10, 10.10 (per NF); Fetlar, 22.9 (Anon., 2007b); Foula, 18.6, 12.10 (Anon., 2007b); Grutness, 23.8 (Anon., 2007b); Hoswick, 23.9, 29.9, 24.10 (2) (Anon., 2007b); Lerwick 15.6 (Anon., 2007b); Levenwick, 13.9 (Anon., 2007b); Northdale, 20.9 (Anon., 2007b); Norwick, 19.9, 8.10 (Anon., 2007b); Out Skerries, 23.9 (Anon., 2007b); Scatness, 28.6, 16.7 (Anon., 2007b); Scalloway, 1.10 (Anon., 2007b); Swinister, 22.9 (Anon., 2007b); Toab, 16.9 (Anon., 2007b). Light-trap records: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 1 1.6 (3), 27.6 (2), 17.9 (3), 23.9 (6), 25.9 (2), 18.10, 26.10, 29.10 (MWS); IOS: St Agnes, 17.10, 18.10 (2), 19.10 (2) (DGr); Maenporth, June (1), July (3), October (4) (Davis, 2007); The Lizard, May (1), August (5), September (25, inc. 13 on 10.9), October (14) (Tunmore, 2007a & b). E. CORNWALL [2] Callington, 7.9 (WEB per LACT); Downderry, 15.8, 13.9 (SCM per LACT); Torpoint, 8.4, 5.8 (AP per LACT). S. DEVON [3] Slapton, 16.10 (JHC). S. SOMERSET [5] Taunton, 18.8 (R. Blackmore per MY). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, May (1), June (6), July (7), August (11), September (22, inc. 6 on 16.9), October (1) (MC); Walditch, 19.9 (MSP). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 29.5 (JH per TN). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] 9.6, 6.8 - 24.9, 18 records at light (per TN). E. KENT [15] Isle of Thanet, August (2), September (3) (Solly, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 12.8, 13.8 (2), 6.9 (Dewick, 2007). BERKSHIRE [22] Cookharn, 10.8, 20.8 (BC per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Cheddington, 12.9 (L. & C. Lambert per MVA); Marlow Bottom, 28.6 (A. Bassett per MVA); Westcott, 10.10 (DLW per MVA); Willen, 16.6, 27.6, 8.8, 29.10, 30.10 (GEH per MVA). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, September (1) (Deans, 2007a); Blythburgh, 22.7, 19.9 (DEW); Dunwich Heath, October (1) (Moore, 2007). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-sea, 17.8 (N. Bowman per DH); Overstrand, 17.9 (G. Bond per DH); Weyboume, 15.9 (7), 16.9 (2), 13.10, 15.10, 18.10 (MP per DH). GLAMORGAN [41] Roath, 27.9 (Gilmore, 2007). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Harlech, 11.6 (HB per AG); Talybont, 18.9 (JJH per AG); Tywyn, 28.8, 10.9 (MR per AG). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Boston, 25.6, 2.7 (BH per CS); Broadholme, Lincoln, 16.8 (MG per CS). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Dalby, 15.8 (ED per CS); Gibraltar Point, 1.7 (Troake, 2007), Grasby, 21.8 (RLH per CS); Langworth, 25.8 (CD per CS); Marton, 27.9 (B. Hedley per CS); Muckton, 19.6 (GW per CS). CHESHIRE [58] Romiley, 10.9 (SF). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, June (2), August (2), September (3) (Spence, 2007). N.E. YORKSHIRE [62] Guisborough, 29.8 (PWF per CHF). S.W. YORKSHIRE [63] Holmfirth, 1.9 (M. Couling per CHF). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [63] Knaresborough, 10.7 (L. King per CHF); Ribblehead, 27.7 (T. Whitaker per CHF); Tadcaster, 12.8 (D. Baker per CHF). ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Nether Blainslie, 29.6 (A. Fitchett per JW). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay, 5.7, 21.9 (4), 8. 10 (ABr, PMW). Evidence of hibernation: W. CORNWALL [1] Helston, 17.1, adult inside sports centre (D. Wright per J. Worth). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] No site given, adult hibernating in underground car park from 16.11 (until 4.2.07) (P. Vigus). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Thorganby, undated, two adults found dead in the 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 259 spring inside different buildings (J. Small per CHF). W. CORK [H3] Dursey Island, ‘the adult that hibernated in our house became active in early February and left on 9.2’ (Scott, 2007b). Immature stages/Evidence of breeding: W. CORNWALL [1] Loe Bar, 16.7, larva (GAC). E. CORNWALL [2] Bude, 1 1.7, larva (GAC). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 29.5, ovipositing female (JH). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Old Winchester Hill, 18.6, ovipositing female (C. Baker). E. SUSSEX [14] Eastbourne, undated, ovipositing female (S. Young per CRP); Westfield, 28.7, six larvae (R. Hobbs per CRP). GLAMORGAN [41] Merthyr, 11.6, pair in cop. (Gilmore, 2007). DERBYSHIRE [57] VC date range: 24.7 - 26.10; VC total: 11 (Budworth, 2006). DERBYSHIRE [57] High Tor, Matlock, undated, ova found (Budworth, 2006); Matlock, undated, ovipositing female (Budworth, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] Chester, undated, larvae (G. Wotherspoon per SF). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Eccleston, 15.7, five larvae (M. Edmondson per SMP). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 23.7 (ovipositing female), 22.8 (larva) (BRS). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [64] Malham, 15.8, larva (P. Daltry per CHF). Offshore record: At least 30 recorded visiting a boat c. six miles to the south-west of Bishop’s Rock, Scillies [1] during the evening of 1 1.6 (Scott, 2007a). 1990 Hyles livornica (Esp.) Striped Hawk-moth [I] Total no. reported: 383 Distribution of records: sw CS SE EA SI w CE NE NW S I 120 169 49 8 10 10 3 2 2 - 10 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - 64 90 41 102 74 5 - - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 20 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 36 (Davis, 2007). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 29 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 18 (Eden, 2007). Earliest dates: S. DEVON [3] Prawle Point, 5.5, by day (per RIM). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 1.10 (MT); Maenporth, 11.10 (GD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Northampton, 27.9 (P. Fox per J. Ward). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 17.5 (3) (MWS); Maenporth, 17.5 (8) (Davis, 2007). DORSET [9] Puddletown, 17.5 (5) (HWH). WATERFORD [H6] Brownstown Head, 20.5 (3) (PMW). Most northerly records: S. LANCASHIRE [59] Martin Mere, 17.6 (APB per SMP). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 12.6 (Tams, 2007); Wylam, 2.6 (KWR). ISLE OF MAN [71] Laxey, 22.7 (Scott, 2007c). Selected inland records: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Damerham, 12.7 (P. Toynton per TN). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Crawley, 14.9 (RAB); South Wonston, 17.7 (PJSS per TN). SURREY [17] Carshalton, 14.6 (DAC per GAC); Nutfield, 6.9 (PC per GAC). BERKSHIRE [22] Earley, 10.6 (A. Broodbank per MCH); Fernham, 2.7 (SN per MCH); Mortimer, 26.7 (GJD per TN); Sandhurst, 26.8 (DS per MCH). W. SUFFOLK [26] Worlington, 17.6 (TJ per AWP). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Northampton, 27.9 (P. Fox per J. Ward). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Pillerton Priors, 1.6 (Cl per DCGB). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Kate’s Bridge, nr. Baston, 24.6 (R. Goff per CS); Morkery Wood, South Witham, 3.7 (R. Goff per CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Lyddington, 12.6 (DFL per APR). CHESHIRE [58] Macclesfield, 1.6 (J. & R. Evans per SF). NOCTUIDAE < 2091 Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) Dark Sword-grass [I] Total no. reported: 7599 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 1106 1259 1843 1012 239 168 137 752 246 244 593 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 8 46 221 350 970 2311 2514 769 57 13 260 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 574 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 172 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 126 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 529 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 106 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Island total - 192 (Knill-Jones, 2007a). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham - 358 (Hunter, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 480 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Isle of Thanet - 356 at six sites (Solly, 2007); Kingsdown area - 110 at three sites (Jarman, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] BradwelLon-Sea - 251 (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey - 415 (Deans, 2007a). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn - 199 (Spence, 2007). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill - 52 (RLe). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 400 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 11.3, 13.3 (MWS); Mylor Churchtown, 31.3 (JBC per GD). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Bishopstoke, 27.3 (PWH per TN). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 27.3 (Dewick, 2007); Ingatestone, 23.3 (G. Smith per BG). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 30.3 (AT per PMW). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 16.12 (MWS). E. KENT [15] Pegwell, 1 2. 12 (FS per IDF). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 5.12 (AT per PMW). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 9.9 (35), 10.9 (18) (MWS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 26.7 (29), 4.8 (33), 14.9 (30) (MC). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 27.8 (18), 31.8 (18) (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 27.8 (25), 16.9 (20) (MJD per AWP). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 17.9 (36), 26.9 (47), 28.9 (22) (Anon, 2007b). WATERFORD [H6] Brownstown Head, 6.8 (177) (PMW). 2119 Peridroma saucia (Hb.) Pearly Underwing [I] Total no. reported: 8495 Distribution of records: sw CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 1375 3536 1347 554 113 234 51 550 175 74 486 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 4 1 11 53 373 93 519 4201 2954 134 38 Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 681 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 139 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 288 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 2141 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 368 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland - 147 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island - 101 at four sites (rmllips, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 476 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Isle of Thanet - 331 at six sites (Solly, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea - 174 (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey - 213 (Deans, 2007a); Landguard - 132 (Odin, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn - 150 (Spence, 2007). BANFFSHIRE [94] Ordiquhill - 13 (7 previous VC records) (RLe). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 171 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 4.2, 6.2, 12.2 (MWS). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 27.12 (7) (MWS). E. KENT [15] Lydd- on-sea, 14.12 (DBe); Pegwell, 12.12 (FS per IDF). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 23.12 (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 11.12 (MJD per AWP). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore, 7.12 (ABr per PMW). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 10.9 (24) (Tunmore, 2007b), 5.10 (20), 6.10 (20), 9.10 (44) (MTu); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 9.9 (21) (MWS). DORSET [9] Durlston, 11.9 (60), 12.10 (40) (PAD, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 14.9 (386), 15.9 (324), 16.9 (219), 17.9 (111), 25.9 (76), 2.10 (165), 3.10 (127) (MC). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 28.10 (19) (MJD per AWP). W. CORK [H3] Cape Clear Island, 7.10 (45) (EO’D, MO’D per PMW). Most northerly records: N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Woodhead, 30.9, 16.10 (H. Taylor per MRY). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 15.9, 22.9 (3), 26.9 (4), 28.9 (5) (Anon, 2007b); Fair Isle, 28.9, 29.9 (2), 30.9 (2), 4.10, 6.10, 9.10, 10.10, 12.10, 22.10, 24.10 (per NF); Walls, 25.9 (Anon., 2007b). Selected inland VC records/summaries: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 28.9 (B. Fox); Steeple Ashton, 14.10, 18.10 (E&MS). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 10.8 - 30.9; VC total: 16+ (per TN). SURREY [17] Holmbury St Mary, 16.9 - 15.10 (9) (PLH). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 6.9 - 27.10; VC total: 7+ (per CWP, JR). MIDDLESEX [21] Buckingham Palace gardens, 4.7 (2) (Freed, 2007). BERKSHIRE [22] VC date range: 13.6 - 16.10; VC total: 9+ (per MCH, TN, RIS). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 20.6 - 27.10; VC total: 17 (per MVA). BEDFORDSHIRE 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 261 [30] Cockayne Hatley, 5.9 (IPW per AMB); Lower Stondon, 9.10 (AMB per AMB); Potton, 15.9, 21.9 (JL, PDo per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 9.9 - 17.10; VC total: 6 (per BD). GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33/34] County date range: 3.7, 31.8 - 17.10; county total: 12+ (per RGG). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC date range: 14.6 - 28.10; VC total: 18 (per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Eakring, 24.9 (TDP per SW); Nuthall, 11.9 - 17.10 (3) (PSB per SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] Four Sep./Oct. records from Ault Hucknall (2), Darley Dale and Newhall (Budworth, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] Alsager, 7.10, 17.10 (MD per SF); Heald Green, 23.9, 27.9 (BTS per SF); Higher Poynton, 21.9 (SHH per SF). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 27.6, 11.9 - 7.11; total: 31 (per CHF). ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Galashiels, 25.9 (3), 15.10, 18.10 (JW). TYRONE [H36] Eglish, 25.9 (2) (J. Nimmons, K. Murphy per PMW); Rehagy Mountain, 29.9 (3) (K. Murphy per PMW). Immature stages: BERKSHIRE [22] Faringdon, two larvae on Nicotiana viridis from which adults were reared on 3.9 (MFVC per MCH). 2195 Mythimna vitellina (Hb.) Delicate [I][MC] Total no. reported: 8622 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 1842 3490 2362 338 171 101 27 47 23 2 219 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 1 Dec - - 85 194 98 147 4900 2933 42 - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 804 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 177 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 451 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 1196 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 521 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland - 547 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island - 236 at four sites (Phillips, 2007). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton - 212 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham - 365 (Hunter, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 674 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Dymchurch - 500+ (JO); Kingsdown area - 152 at three sites (Jarman, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea - 134 (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey - 122 (Deans, 2007a). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 127 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). Earliest dates: DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 6.5 (MC). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 16.5 (SAK-J). E. KENT [15] Pegwell, 15.5 (FS per IDF). Latest dates: S. DEVON [3] Starcross, 27.11 (RIS per PJLG). N. SOMERSET [6] Brockley, 8.11 (2) (AR). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 9.1 1 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Funtley, 8. 1 1 (TDC per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 10.11 (JTR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Biddenden, 9.11 (SJB); Kingsgate, 12.11 (FS per IDF). GLAMORGAN [41] Cwm Ivy, 10.11 (Gilmore, 2007). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 4.9 (33) (MTu); Coverack, The Lizard, 24.9 (35) (DCGB); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 9.9 (76), 12.9 (41), 25.9 (29) (MWS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 15.9 (38), 23.9 (60), 24.9 (76), 25.9 (88), 26.9 (63), 28.9 (58), 2.10 (54), 3.10 (50), 12.10 (48) (MC). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 27.9 (43) (SAK-J). E. SUSSEX [14] Cliff End, 23.9 (19) (PJ per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 24.9 (30) (JHC); Dymchurch, September (100+, ‘per night on several nights’) (JO). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 29.9 (14) (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 28.10 (13) (MJD per AWP). W. CORK [H3] Cape Clear Island, 9.10 (12) (EO’D, MO’D per PMW). WATERFORD [H6] Brownstown Head, 1.10 (17), 2.10 (16) (PMW). Most northerly records: ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Nether Blainslie, 28.9 (A. Fitchett per JW). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Fair Isle, 22.9 (per NF). Selected inland VC records/summaries: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Steeple Ashton, 19.7, 26.9 (2), 3.10 (2), 18.10 (E&MS). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 17.6, 11.7, 13.9 - 1.11; VC total: 91+ (per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Crawley Down, peak count: 15.9 (10) (JHC). SURREY [17] VC date range: 16.9 - 27.10; VC total: 15 (per GAC). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Bishops Stortford, 10.10, 18.10, 21.10 (JF, J. Reeves per CWP); Luffenhall, 24.9 (JR). MIDDLESEX [21] Heathrow, 5-11.6 (RIS per PJLG). BERKSHIRE [22] Faringdon, 7.7 (MFVC per MCH); Fernham, 14.6, 15.6, 29.6 (SN per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Ballinger Common, 23.9 (P. Hall per MVA); Turville Heath, 10.9 (TWH). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Meldreth, 26.9, 27.9, 30.9, 14.10 (JR). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Eaton Ford, 4.9 (AAL per AMB); Great Barford, 23.9 (MFVC per AMB); first VC records. HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 23.9 - 8.10; VC total: 7 (per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] VC date range: 262 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 21.9 - 23.10; VC total: 28 (per J. Ward). E. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33] Haresfield, 7.7 (R. Pearce per RGG). W. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [34] Culkerton, 26.10 (MMO per RRG); St Briavels, 16.10 (2) (RGG). HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 23.9 (RHe per P. King). WARWICKSHIRE [38] VC date range: 21.9 - 27.10; VC total: 12 (per DCGB). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Baston, 23.9 (R. Goff per CS); Market Deeping, 11.10 (AD per CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC date range: 12.9 - 30.10; VC total: 8 (per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Scarrington, 26.9 (EJG per SW). CHESHIRE [58] Bowdon, 25.9 (R. Hilton per SF). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Worsthorne, 28.9, 29.9 (GG per SMP). S.W. YORKSHIRE [63] Stannington, 23.9 (3) (KC per CHF). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [64] Lofthouse, 23.9 (DDB per CHF); Menston, 21.9 (J. Clapham per CHF); Pateley Bridge, 30.9 (CHF et al). N.W. YORKSHIRE [65] Hutton Conyers, 16. 10 (CHF). 2203 Mythimna unipuncta (Haw.) White-speck [I][MC] Records of this species from the Isles of Scilly are summarised in a separate section below but have otherwise been excluded from this account. This is due to the presence of a resident population of M. unipuncta on the Scillies, and the records of large numbers of locally-bred adults being indistinguishable from records of an immigrant origin. Total no. reported: 211 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI w CE NE NW S I 94 73 13 2 n 1 2 2 1 12 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - - 7 4 27 69 51 31 21 Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth - 31 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 37 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 23 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 17 (Eden, 2007). Earliest dates: E. KENT [15] Iwade, 17.6, 18.6 (3) (IC). E. NORFOLK [27] Scole, 30.6 (M. Hall per DH). MONMOUTHSHIRE [35] Risca, 13.7 (MA). GLAMORGAN [41] Gower, 19.6 (2) (Gilmore, 2007). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 27.12 (2) (MTu). E. CORNWALL [2] Stratton, 15.12 (SO per LACT). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 13.12 (JTR per CRP). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 10.9 (5) (Tunmore, 2007b). Most northerly records: S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 16.10 (Tams, 2007); Tynemouth Priory, 20.9 (KWR). KINCARDINESHIRE [91] St Cyrus, 23.9, first VC record (BIS, MRY). Selected inland records: WARWICKSHIRE [38] Hillmorton, 5.12 (PFN per DCGB). Scilly Isles [1] summary: Longstone, St Mary’s - 2006 annual total: 8831; monthly totals: Jan (49), Feb (3), Mar (0), Apr (3), May (43), Jun (127), Jul (35), Aug (362), Sep (190), Oct (4615), Nov (2973), Dec (431); peak nightly counts: 15.10 (294), 27.10 (833), 28.10 (982), 29.10 (438), 8.11 (343), 11.11 (635) (Scott, 2007a; MWS); St Agnes, 14-22.10 (254+) (DGr; Davison, 2007). 2208 Mythimna loreyi (Dup.) Cosmopolitan [I] Total no. reported: 532 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI w CE NE NW S I 216 229 54 1 1 6 2 4 3 1 15 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct No\ Dec - - - - - 8 - 71 240 181 32 - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 75 (Scott, 2007a); The Lizard - 71 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 39 (Cade, 2007); Puddletown - 138 (HWH, in Davey, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 28 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 13 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 15.6 (MWS). WATERFORD [H6] Brownstown Head, 10.6 (PMW). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 263 Latest dates: W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 28. 1 1 (JTR per CRP). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 28.10 (12), 14.11 (7) (MTu); IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 17.10 (6), 27.10 (8), 28.10 (9), 29.10 (11) (MWS); IOS: St Agnes, 18.10 (4) (DGr). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 28.10 (5), 29.10 (4) (MC); Puddletown, 11.9 (16), 13.9 (9), 23.9 (15), 25.9 (9), 28.9 (9) (HWH, in Davey, 2007). Most northerly records: MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Morfa Dyffryn, 30.9 (Hicks & Bantock, 2007). CHESHIRE [58] Shavington, 3.9, first VC record (R. Benson per SF). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Easington, 29.9, 30.9, first VC records (MFS per CHF). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 18.9, 20.10 (Tams, 2007). ISLE OF MAN [71] No site(s), June (2), September (1) (Scott, 2007c). DUMFRIES-SHIRE [72] Annandale, 1.10 (at motorway service stn. lights), new to Scotland (JHC). Selected inland records: SURREY [17] Weybridge, 22.9 (ARM per GAC). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Hillmorton, 31.10 (PEN per DCGB). CHESHIRE [58] Shavington, 3.9, first VC record (R. Benson per SF). 2385 Spodoptera exigua (Hb.) Small Mottled Willow [I] Total no. reported: 5342 Distribution of records: sw cs SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 2046 1384 690 314 370 110 124 81 75 8 140 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 1 18 686 1306 2147 915 174 2 - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 1515 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 132 (Davis, 2007); The Lizard - 121 at three sites (Tunmore, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 413 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 125 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch - 150+ (JH); Island total - 248 (Knill-Jones, 2007a). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 244 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Isle of Thanet - 1 16 at six sites (Solly, 2007). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 19.5 (MWS); Penzance, 15.5 (LO). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 15.5 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Fareham, 15.5 (KW per TN); Lyndhurst, 23.4 (SAB per TN). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 30.10 (4) (MWS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 29.10 (MC). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Crawley, 29.10 (RAB). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton, 30.11 (JTR per CRP). E. KENT [15] Kingsgate, 28.10 (FS per IDF); Lydd-on-sea, 29.10 (DBe). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 28.10 (Dewick, 2007). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Gubblecote, 18.11 (PBy per CWP). E. SUFFOLK [25] Dunwich, 30.10 (DCGB). WATERFORD [H6] Brownstown Head, 28.10 (PMW). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 11.6 (39), 25.7 (71), 26.7 (71), 27.7 (50), 4.8 (77), 5.8 (54), 6.8 (58), 8.8 (39), 18.8 (39) (MWS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 23.7 (27), 17.8 (50). Most northerly records: N.W. YORKSHIRE [65] Hutton Conyers, 30.7 (CHF). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Seaton Sluice, 28.7 (JPa per KWR); Tynemouth, 16.6, 17.6, 25.9 (TJT per KWR); Tynemouth Priory, 16.6, 5.8 (2), 15.8, 28.9 (KWR, MPC). WESTMORLAND [69] Kendal, 4.9 (MTo). AYRSHIRE [75] Minishant, 26.8 (D. Smith per NG). N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Woodhead, 2.8 (H. Taylor per MRY). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 17.9, 22.9, 26.9 (4) (Anon., 2007b). Selected inland VC records/summaries: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 18.8, 15.9 (RIS per PJLG); Steeple Ashton, 15.7 - 17.8 (11) (E&MS); Trowbridge, 28.6 (E&MS). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 27.5 - 29.10; VC total: 98+ (per TN). SURREY [17] Barnes Common, 29.7 (THF); Givons Grove, 26.8 (AMH per GAC); Holmbury St Mary, 28.5 - 18.10 (18) (PLH); Nutfield, 29.6 (PC per GAC); Ockley, 28.7 (WA per CRP); Weybridge, 16.6 - 24.9 (5) (ARM per GAC). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 18.6 - 23.9, 18.11; VC total: 18 (per CWP, JR, RIS). MIDDLESEX [21] Bushy Park, 4.8 (2) (THF). BERKSHIRE [22] VC date range: 14.6 - 12.10; VC total: 20+ (per MCH, TN, RHa). OXFORDSHIRE [23] Clifton, 3.8 (RIS per PJLG); Marsh Gibbon, 10.8 (RIS per PJLG). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 18.6 - 28.9; VC total: 45 (per MVA). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Meldreth, 18.6, 16.9, 21.9 (JR). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] VC date range: 24.6 - 23.9; VC total: 11 (per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 7.7 - 14.10; VC total: 54+ (per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] VC date range: 18.6 - 28.9; VC total: 39 (per J. Ward). GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33/34] County date range: 21.7 - 22.8; county total: 6+ (per RGG). 264 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 4.8 (4), 1.9, 18.10 (RHe per P. King). WARWICKSHIRE [38] VC date range: 19.6 - 30.9; VC total: 49 (per DCGB). SHROPSHIRE [40] Montford Bridge, 14.8 (2), 15.8 (DCGB). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Baston, 24.6 - 23.9 (5+) (R. Goff per CS); Broadholme, Lincoln, 25.7 - 28.9 (26+) (MG per CS); Market Deeping, 6.9 (AD per CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC date range: 12.6 - 23.9; VC total: 47 (per APR); peak count: Eyebrook Reservoir, 29.7 (12) (J. Harvey per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] VC date range: 26.7 - 22.9; VC total: 5 (per SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] Three records late July to late Sep. from Ault Hucknall, Darley Dale and Matlock (Budworth, 2006). CHESHIRE [58] Alsager, 27.7, 5.8, 6.8 (MD per SF); Shavington, 4.8 (R. Benson per SF). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 28.7 - 1.10; total: 10 (per CHF). KILDARE [H19] Maynooth, 22.6, 3.8 (P. Strickland per PMW); Lullymore, 7.7 (MO’D per PMW). 2400 Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.) Scarce Bordered Straw [X][In] Total no. reported: 11705 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 1153 2631 4740 1110 628 166 325 485 304 24 131 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 5 214 144 2723 6388 1786 25 - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 260 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 296 (Davis, 2007). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 508 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 220 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch - 500+ (JH). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island - 150 (Phillips, 2007). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Crawley - 109 (RAB per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Walberton - 182 (JTR per CRP). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham - 117 (Hunter, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 943 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Dymchurch - 800+ (JO); Isle of Thanet - 763 at six sites (Solly, 2007); Kingsdown area - 363 at three sites (Jarman, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea - 1088 (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey - 245 (Deans, 2007a). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn - 108 (Spence, 2007). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth - 57 (Tams, 2007); Tynemouth Priory - 94 (KWR). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 15.5, 20.5 (MWS); Mylor Churchtown, 31.5 (JBC per GD). CHESHIRE [58] Alsager, 30.5 (MD per SF). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 19.5 (AT per PMW). Latest dates: DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 7.11 (MC). E. KENT [15] Faversham, 7.11 (DWJ per IDF); Kingsgate, 7.11 (FS per IDF); Pegwell, 8.11 (FS per IDF). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Gubblecote, 18.11 (PBy per CWP); Ware, 10.11 (EG per CWP). BERKSHIRE [22] Earley, 11.11 (M. Calway per MCH). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Hutton, 6.11 (ABa per SMP). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] Church Cove, The Lizard, 10.9 (27) (Tunmore, 2007b). S. DEVON [3] Prawle Point, 15.9 (70) (A. Trout per RFM). DORSET [9] Charmouth, 26.8 (21) (JR); Portland Bird Observatory, 13.8 (17), 17.8 (20), 14.9 (33), 15.9 (54), 16.9 (49), 24.9 (17), 17.10 (14) (MC). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 5.8 (15) (JH). E. SUSSEX [14] Rye Harbour, 12.9 (15) (JHC); Winchelsea, 16.9 (15) (JEC, J. Spence per CRP). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 24.9 (15) (JHC); Dymchurch, September, T00+ per night (five traps) on several occasions’ (JO); Kingsgate, 18.9 (17), 27.9 (17) (FS per IDF); New Romney, 23.9 (24) (KRe); Ramsgate, 4.9 (15) (FS per IDF). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 26.9 (63) (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 22.8 (12), 18.9 (13), 17.10 (18) (MJD per AWP). E. NORFOLK [27] Weybourne, 12.9 (21), 15.9 (14) (MP per DH). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Woodnewton, 23.9 (11) (N. Smith per J. Ward). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] South Cockerington, 16.9 (12) (JJa per CS). CHESHIRE [58] Grappenhall, 16.9 (10) (SB per SF). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 17.9 (17) (BRS). MID-W. YORKSHIRE [64] Lofthouse, 23.9 (15) (DDB per CHF). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 11.9 (14) (TJT per KWR); Tynemouth Priory, 11.9 (11), 12.9 (12), 13.9 (15) (KWR). WEXFORD [H12] Bamland, nr. Gorey, 16.9 (11) (MO’D per PMW). Most northerly records: AYRSHIRE [75] Hunterston, 23.9 (by day) (NG). ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Denholm Mill, 17.9 (2) (N. Cook per JW); Galashiels, 28.9, 21.10 (JW); Nether Blainslie, 25.9 (2) (A. Fitchett per JW). FIFESHIRE [85] Dunfermline, 21.9 (DD). MID-PERTHSHIRE [88] Kinloch Rannoch, 11.9 (DY, JPh). KINCARDINESHIRE [91] St Cyrus, 23.9 (BJS, MRY). N. ABERDEENSHIRE [93] Oldmeldrum, 14.9 (MRY); Woodhead, 14.9 (H. Taylor per MRY). E. 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 265 INVERNESS-SHIRE [96] Naim, 26.8 (DD). DUNBARTONSHIRE [99] Dumbarton, 21.9 (K. Futter per JW). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 15.9, 16.9, 25.9 (2), 26.9 (2) (Anon., 2007b); Ocraquoy, 18.9, 23.9, 26.9 (Anon., 2007b); Virkie, 17.9 (Anon., 2007b). Selected inland VC records/summaries: S. WILTSHIRE [8] Middle Winterslow, 19.8, 27.8 (B. Fox); Porton Down, 17.10 (RIS per PJLG); Steeple Ashton, 3.8, 15.8, 31.8 (2), 6.9, 16.10 (E&MS). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 21.6 - 31.10; VC total: 158+ (per TN). W. KENT [16] Sevenoaks, 25.9 (PPH). SURREY [17] VC date range: 31.7 - 31.10; VC total: 71+ (per GAC, PLH, BFS, THF), inc. peak counts at Holmbury St Mary on 16.9 (8) & 22.9 (7) (PLH). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 29.7 - 18.11; VC total: 37 (per CWP, JR). MIDDLESEX [21] London Zoo, 1.9 (RIS per PJLG). BERKSHIRE [22] VC date range: 8.8 - 23.9, 17.10, 11.11; VC total: 18 (per MCH). OXFORDSHIRE [23] Shifford, 14.9 (RIS per PJLG); Witney, 26.8 (RIS per PJLG). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 21.6, 5.8 - 25.10; VC total: 39 (per MVA, RIS). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Meldreth, 22.8 - 8.10 (26) (JR). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] VC date range: 9.8 - 28.10; VC total: 35 (per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 31.8 - 29.10; VC total: 61+ (per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] VC date range: 11.8 - 28.10; VC total: 158 (per J. Ward). GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33/34] County date range: 4.8 - 16.10; county total: 16+ (per RGG). WARWICKSHIRE [38] VC date range: 1.8 - 18.10; VC total: 112 (per DCGB). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Broadholme, Lincoln, 31.7 - 16. 10 (23, inc. peak of 10 on 15.9) (MG per CS). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC date range: 1.7, 15.8 - 28.10; VC total: 100 (per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] VC date range: 19.8 - 2.10; VC total: 19 (per SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] 31 adults recorded from nine sites between late July and mid-October (Bud worth, 2006). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Hale, 23.6, 20.8 (8), 22.8 (6), 16.9 (7) (CC per SMP). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 24.6, 14.8 - 28.10; total: 99 (per CHF). ROXBURGHSHIRE [80] Denholm Mill, 17.9 (2) (N. Cook per JW); Galashiels, 28.9, 21.10 (JW); Nether Blainslie, 25.9 (2) (A. Fitchett per JW). MID-PERTHSHIRE [88] Kinloch Rannoch, 11.9 (DY, JPh). KILDARE [H19] Maynooth, 5.9, 13.10 (P. Strickland per PMW). W. MEATH [H23] Mullaghmeen, 30.9 (AT per PMW). FERMANAGH [H33] Aghalane, 23.9 (J. Bullock per PMW). Immature stages/Evidence of breeding: S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, September, 15-20 larvae on seed-heads of Antirrhinum spp. (adults reared) (BPH). N. DEVON [4] Hadlow Moor, 3.9, larva on flowers of Succisa pratensis (BPH). E. KENT [15] New Romney, 23.9, adult with partially inflated wings in light-trap (SPC). Importation: N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Basingstoke, 14.6, small larva in supermarket runner beans imported from Kenya, adult reared (AHD, in Clancy 2007b). S. ESSEX [18] Rayleigh, 15.1, eight larvae (WCD per BG). 2403 Heliothis peltigera (D. & S.) Bordered Straw [I] Total no, adults reported: 2766 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 399 1043 533 226 159 59 75 107 75 6 84 Months of occurrence: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 1 36 891 349 931 260 16 - - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 106 (Scott, 2007a). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 114 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 136 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch - 200+ (JH). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 216 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Isle of Thanet - 105 at six sites (Solly, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn - 44 (Spence, 2007). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 39 (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). Earliest dates: E. KENT [15] Lydd, 23.4 (CT). Latest dates: E. CORNWALL [2] Saltash, 28.10 (D. Clegg per LACT). S. SOMERSET [5] Staplegrove, 29.10 (JMc per MY). S. WILTSHIRE [8] Steeple Ashton, 18.10 (E&MS). E. KENT [15] Lydd-on-sea, 22.10 (RC1); South Foreland, 28.10 (M. Love per IDF). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 20.10 (2) (Troake, 2007). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 9.6 (10), 11.6 (10), 15.6 (8), 24.6 (9) (MWS). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 17.6 (8). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 5.8 (11) (AJo per TN). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Spurn, 8.8 (5) (Spence, 2007). Large diurnal counts: E. CORNWALL [2] Penlee, 5.8 (6) (J. Nicholls per LACT). 266 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 Most northerly records: AYRSHIRE [75] Culzean Castle, 21.6 (RIS per PJLG); Minishant, 25.8 (D. Smith per NG). W. LOTHIAN [84] Linlithgow, 15.6 (C. Fowler per JW). FIFESHIRE [85] Dunfermline, 19.8 (DD). STIRLINGSHIRE [86] Stirling, 13.6, 22.6 (R. & H. Dawson per JW). Selected inland VC records/summaries. S. WILTSHIRE [8] Bedwyn Brail, 21.9 (E&MS); Porton Down, 26.7 (RIS per PJLG); Steeple Ashton, 18.10 (E&MS); Trowbridge, 13.9 (E&MS). N. HAMPSHIRE [12] VC date range: 2.6 - 22.9; VC total: 28+ (per TN). SURREY [17] VC date range: 25.5 - 30.8; VC total: 18 (per GAC, RIS). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] VC date range: 20.6 - 6.9; VC total: 12 (per CWP, JR). BERKSHIRE [22] VC date range: 12.6 - 3.9; VC total: 26 (per MCH, TN, RIS). OXFORDSHIRE [23] Marsh Gibbon, 4.8, 28.8 (RIS per PJLG); Shifford, 16.8 (RIS per PJLG). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] VC date range: 13.6 - 31.8; VC total: 18 (per MVA). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Meldreth, 18.6, 20.8 (2), 22.8, 23.9 (JR). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] VC date range: 5.7 - 17.9; VC total: 7 (per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] VC date range: 12.6 - 1.9; VC total: 7 (per BD). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] VC date range: 3.6 - 16.9; VC total: 17 (per J. Ward). GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33/34] County date range: 4.6 - 2.8; county total: 11+ (per RGG). HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 23.6 (RHe per P. King). WARWICKSHIRE [38] VC date range: 26.5 - 15.9; VC total: 28 (per DCGB). SHROPSHIRE [40] Pennerley, 26.5 (RIS per PJLG). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] VC date range: 16.6 - 5.9; VC total: 18 (per APR). NOTTINGHAMSHIRE [56] Chilwell, 25.7 (S. Browne per SW); Colwick CP, 24.6 (SW et ai); Keyworth, 5.9 (N. Pinder per SW). DERBYSHIRE [57] Five records between late July and early Sep. from Long Eaton, Matlock, Midway, Newhall and Shipley (Budworth, 2006). W. YORKSHIRE [63-65] Date range: 16.6 - 27.9; total: 12 (per CHF). KILDARE [H19] Maynooth, 5.9 (P. Strickland per PMW). Immature stages: S. DEVON [3] Dawlish Warren, 7.7, six larvae on Ononis repens (RFM, BPH). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, July, larvae ‘very common’ on Ononis repens (JH). 2432 Trichoplusia ni (Hb.) Ni Moth [I] Total no. reported: 451 Distribution of records: SW CS SE EA SI W CE NE NW S I 100 225 84 3 17 5 4 3 1 - 9 Months of occurrence: Jan - Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 4 61 108 219 38 20 - - Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] Maenporth - 21 (Davis, 2007). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 30 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 27 (Eden, 2007). E. KENT [15] Dungeness area - 34 at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 5, first VC records (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). Earliest dates: S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 31.5 (RF). S. SOMERSET [5] Closworth, 31.5 (JAper MY). DORSET [9] West Bexington, 3.5 (REd, in Davey, 2007). SURREY [17] Holmbury St Mary, 26.5 (PLH). Latest dates: DORSET [9] Durlston, 28.10 (PAD). E. KENT [15] Dymchurch, 28.10, 30.10 (JO). N. LINCOLNSHIRE [54] Gibraltar Point, 28.10 (Troake, 2007). Large single night counts: DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory, 26.7 (5), 5.8 (6), 6.8 (5) (MC); Puddletown, 5.8 (6) (HWH, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Bonchurch, 6.8 (5) (JH). Most northerly records: DURHAM [66] Souter Lighthouse, 10.8, first VC record (per KWR). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth, 15.8, first VC record (Tams, 2007). ISLE OF MAN [71] The Dhoon, 17.10 (Scott, 2007c). W. MAYO [H27] Tarmon, Mullet Peninsula, 12.9 (D. Suddaby per PMW). Selected inland records: N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Basingstoke, 8.8 (MW per TN); Crawley, 21.7 (RAB); Famborough, 4.8 (KBW per TN); Overton, 19.7, 13.8 (AC per TN); Ropley, 19.8 (TN); Sherborne St John, 11.6 (NM per TN). W. SUSSEX [13] Rusper, 9.10 (SB per CRP). SURREY [17] Holmbury St Mary, 26.5 (PLH per GAC). HERTFORDSHIRE [20] Bishops Stortford, 28.7, 5.8 (JF, J. Reeves per CWP). MIDDLESEX [21] Bushy Park, 4.8 (THF). BERKSHIRE [22] Cookham, 26.7 (BC per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Slough, 27.7 (RHa). CAMBRIDGESHIRE [29] Meldreth, 22.7 (JR, in Clancy 2007b). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Potton, 17.9, first VC record (JL per AMB). NORTHAMPTONSHIRE [32] Wellingborough, 4.8 (D. Larkin per J. Ward). E. GLOUCESTERSHIRE [33] Hempsted, 30.7 (GRA per RGG). HEREFORDSHIRE [36] Bodenham, 7.8 (2) (RHe per P. King). WARWICKSHIRE [38] Temple Grafton, 25.7 (AFG per DCGB). DERBYSHIRE [57] Melbourne, 28.7, first VC record (A. Davison, in Budworth, 2006). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 267 2441 Autographa gamma (L.) Silver Y [I] Selected annual totals from fixed traps: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s - 7480 (Scott, 2007a); Maenporth - 2658 (Davis, 2007). DORSET [9] Portland Bird Observatory - 8817 (Cade, 2007); West Bexington - 4594 (Eden, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Island total - 6758 (Knill-Jones, 2007a); Totland - 2552 (SAK-J). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Hayling Island - 1915 at three sites (Phillips, 2007). E. SUSSEX [14] Icklesham - 1109 (Hunter, 2007); Peacehaven - 1525 (Pratt, 2007). E. KENT [15] Biddenden - 1424 (SJB); Dungeness area - 7068+ at sixteen sites (Clancy, 2007a); Isle of Thanet - 5337 at six sites (Solly, 2007); Kingsdown area - 3210 at three sites (Jarman, 2007). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell- on-Sea - 5479 (Dewick, 2007). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey - 2298 (Deans, 2007a); Landguard - 1933 (Odin, 2007). E. NORFOLK [27] Eccles-on-Sea - 3120 (Bowman, 2007). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Easington - 1881 (MFS per BRS); Kilnsea - 1890+ (PAC per CHF); Spurn - 10706 (Spence, 2007). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Tynemouth - 3686 (Tams, 2007); Tynemouth Priory - 2270 (KWR, MPC). WATERFORD [H6] Tramore Bay - 3573, inc. diurnal records (Bryant & Walsh, 2007). Earliest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 2.1 (2) (MWS); The Lizard, 18.1 (Tunmore, 2007a). S. SOMERSET [5] Staplegrove, 2.1 (JMc per MY). WICKLOW [H20] Cronykeery, 18.1 (AT per PMW). Latest dates: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 28.12 (7), 30.12 (MWS). E. KENT [15] Kingsgate, 28.12 (FS); Lydd-on-sea, 28.12 (RC1); Orpington, 25.12 (J. Cornelius per IDF); Pegwell, 27.12 (FS). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 28.12 (Dewick, 2007). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Ampthill, 26.12 (RIS per AMB). S. LANCASHIRE [59] Haydock, 29.12 (DGA per SMP). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Hull, 25.12 (PTo per BRS). Large single night counts: W. CORNWALL [1] IOS: Longstone, St Mary’s, 19.7 (324), 9.9 (296) (MWS); Maenporth, 9.7 (621) (GD). S. DEVON [3] Noss Mayo, 5.8 (300) (JHC); Plymstock, 6.8 (300) (JHC). DORSET [9] Durlston, 6.8 (200) (SN, in Davey, 2007); Portland Bird Observatory, 25.6 (138), 13.7 (467), 16.7 (c.500), 25.7 (c.500), 26.7 (c.2000), 4.8 (570), 5.8 (c.500) (MC); Preston, 13.7 (110), 26.7 (131) (MFo, in Davey, 2007); Walditch, 26.7 (130) (MSP, in Davey, 2007). ISLE OF WIGHT [10] Totland, 4.8 (150) (SAK-J per TN). S. HAMPSHIRE [11] Portchester, 25.7 (200) (J. Stokes per TN); Sandy Point, Hayling Island, 5.8 (116) (AJo per TN). E. SUSSEX [14] Crawley Down, 25.7 (500), 27.7 (400), 28.7 (200) (JHC). E. KENT [15] Dungeness, 23.7 (117) (DW); Greatstone, 21.7 (143) (BBa); Iwade, 28.7 (94) (IC); Kingsgate, 19.7 (283) (FS); New Romney, 21.7 (320), 24.7 (175) (SPC); Pegwell, 19.7 (103), 21.7 (185) (FS). S. ESSEX [18] Bradwell-on-Sea, 30.8 (274) (Dewick, 2007). BERKSHIRE [22] Fernham, 19.7 (94) (SN per MCH). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Westcott, 25.7 (78) (DLW). E. SUFFOLK [25] Bawdsey, 24.7 (200), 26.7 (140), 30.7 (160), 6.8 (110), 17.10 (157) (MJD per AWP); Minsmere, 23.7 (107), 30.7 (257) (RMH per AWP). BEDFORDSHIRE [30] Clifton, 15.6 (50) (JE per AMB). HUNTINGDONSHIRE [31] Earith, 29.7 (296) (D. Griffiths per BD). GLAMORGAN [41] Cwm Ivy, 11.6 (100) (Gilmore, 2007). LEICESTERSHIRE [55] Shenton, 25.7 (c.400) (GLF per APR). W. LANCASHIRE [60] Heysham, 25.7 (150) (DJH per SMP). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnsea, 30.7 (224) (PAC per CHF); Pocklington, 29.7 (1000) (I. Andrews per CHF); Spurn, 11.7 (183), 23.7 (2238), 6.8 (1321) (BRS). S. NORTHUMBERLAND [67] Seaton Sluice, 26.7 (108), 5.8 (156) (JPa per KWR); Tynemouth, 23.7 (234), 25.7 (511), 26.7 (342), 28.7 (231), 29.7 (249), 5.8 (456), 4.9 (241), 11.9 (118) (TJT per KWR); Tynemouth Priory, 25.7 (167), 5.8 (878), 5.9 (263) (KWR). KINCARDINESHIRE [91] St Cyrus, 22.8 (300) (BJS per MRY). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Eswick, 25.9 (67), 26.9 (72) (Anon., 2007b). Large diurnal/dusk counts: E. CORNWALL [2] Penlee, 3.8 (1000) (LACT). S. DEVON [3] Slapton, 7.8 (500) (JHC). N. SOMERSET [6] Knole, 11.6 (90) (J. Swales per MY). W. SUSSEX [13] Ferring, 10.6 (100+) (THF). E. KENT [15] Rainham, 21.7 (200), 22.7 (100) (D. Tutt per IDF). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Chearsley, 25.7 (60) (D. Maunder per MVA). MONMOUTHSHIRE [35] Dingestow, 11.7 (150+) (SDSB). MERIONETHSHIRE [48] Talybont, 4.7 (100+) (JJH per AG). S. LINCOLNSHIRE [53] Frampton Marsh, 27.7 (c.1,000,000) (P. French per CS). S.E. YORKSHIRE [61] Kilnwick, 21.7 (200) (M. Coverdale per CHF); Skeffling, 5.8 (450) (WC per CHF); Skipwith Common, 27.7 (200+) (J. Small per CHF); Spurn 14.6 (250), 24.7 (5000), 27.7 (15000+, inc. many coming in off the sea), 28.7 (c.25000), 31.7 (7000+), 7.8 (3500) (BRS); Tophill Low, 4.8 (1000) (M.G. Hodges per CHF). N.E. YORKSHIRE [62] Deepdale, 30.7 (790) (L. & J. Westminster per CHF); Strensall, 29.7 (‘abundant’) (T. Crawford per CHF). S.W. YORKSHIRE [63] Little Smeaton, 26.7 (2000) (R. Hibbert per CHF). AYRSHIRE [75] Hunterston, 23.9 (200+) (NG). W. PERTHSHIRE [87] Flanders Moss, 4.7 (70) (JK per JW). SHETLAND ISLANDS [112] Sandwick, 13.6 (c.50 in one garden) (Anon, 2007b). W. CORK [H3] Cape Clear Island, 9.6 (c.8000) (CCBO per S. Wing, via PMW). DOWN [H38] Nr. Ardglass, 7.9 (up to 2000) (MM per PMW). Immature stages: S. DEVON [3] Abbotskerswell, 5.8, six larvae feeding on Clinopodium spp. (RF). S. SOMERSET [5] Simonsbath, 27.8, four larvae (JMc per MY). BUCKINGHAMSHIRE [24] Aylesbury, 28. 10, larva(e) (D. Maunder per MVA). CLARE [H9] Lough na Bron, 21.8, larva (JHC per PMW). 268 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 ANNEX 3: SELECTED 2006 CHANNEL ISLANDS [VC 113] RECORDS 1262 Cydia amplana (Hb.) Alderney: La Vallee Clos, 3.9 (DJW). Guernsey: L’Ancresse, 1.7 (Austin, 2007). 1317 Catoptria verellus (Zinck.) Alderney: Essex Farm, 4.7 (DJW). Guernsey: St Martins, 1.7 (TNDP); St Sampsons, 7.7 (ML). Jersey: Waterworks Valley, 26.7 (RL). Sark: Dixcart Valley, 1.7, 2.7, 3.7 (RL). First VC records. 1319 Chrysocrambus linetella (Fabr.) Guernsey: St Martins, 2.7 (RIS, in Austin, 2007). 1322 Pediasia fascelinella (Hb.) Alderney: Essex Farm, 18.8 (DJW). 1360 Hellula undalis (Fabr.) Alderney: Essex Farm, 28.7, 30.7 (DJW); La Vallee Clos, 11.10 (DJW). Guernsey: St Martins, 27.9 (TNDP, in Austin, 2007); St Peters, 18.7 (PDMC). First VC records. 1369 Uresiphita polygonalis (D. & S.) Alderney: La Vallee Clos, 28.7 (DJW). Guernsey: St Peter Port, 23.9 (TBo, in Austin, 2007); St Peters, 26.9 [not 1.9 as given in Austin, 2007] (PDMC). 1400 Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) Guernsey: St Martins, 12.9 (TNDP); St Peters, 12.9, 16.9 (PDMC); first VC records (Austin, 2007). 1403 Diasemiopsis ramburialis (Dup.) Alderney: Essex Farm, 10.7 (DJW). 1404 Spoladea recurvalis (Fabr.) Guernsey: St Sampsons, 24.10; second VC record (ML). 1539 Papilio machaon ssp. gorganus (Fruhs.) Continental Swallowtail Alderney: Fort Houmet Herbe, 16.7 (DJW); Trois Vaux, 15.7 (DJW). Jersey: 45 records, inc five of larvae; widespread 1.5-31.8 (per RLo). 1567 Lampides boeticus (L.) Long-tailed Blue Alderney: Island total: 9+ (DJW). Jersey: 23 records from seven sites; up to three together; 7.6 - 17.10 (per RLo). 1594 Aglais polychloros (L.) Large Tortoiseshell Alderney: Essex Farm, 6.5 (DJW). 1596 Nymphalis antiopa (L.) Camberwell Beauty Sark: 3.7, 18.7 (S. Carre per RLo). Unlisted Danaus chrysippus (L.) Plain Tiger Jersey: Carrefour Selous, 6-7.8, subsequently found likely to be a deliberately released, imported specimen (Long, 2006a; Long, 2007). 1639 Dendrolimus pini (L.) Pine-tree Lappet Jersey: Grouville, 30.7 (RLo). Unlisted Lemonia taraxaci (D. & S.) Patrician Alderney: Fort Houmet Herbe, 16.7, larva, first VC record (DJW). 1741 Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkh.) Many-lined Alderney: 40+ records in total (DJW). Guernsey: St Peters, 30.6 (PDMC); St Sampsons, 10.6, 15.7 (ML). Jersey: Grouville, June (4) (RLo); Les Augres, September (1) (RLo). 1888b Stegania cararia (Hb.) Ringed Border Jersey: Vallee des Vaux, 9.6 (Long, 2006b); Mont au Pretre, 27.7 (Long, 2006b). 1937c Peribatodes umbraria (Hb.) Olive-tree Beauty Jersey: Grouville, 10.10, first VC record (PC, RW). 1986 Hyles euphorbiae (L.) Spurge Hawk-moth Guernsey: St Peters, 15.7 (PDMC, in Austin, 2007). 1993 Hippotion celerio (L.) Silver-striped Hawk-moth Jersey: Grouville, 28.10 (RLo). 2041 Pelosia muscerda (Hufn.) Dotted Footman Alderney: Essex Farm, 24.6 (DJW). 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 269 2054 Utetheisa pulchella (L.) Crimson Speckled Alderney: Essex Farm, 16.10 (DJW). Jersey: St Catherine’s Wood, 28.10 (2) (KT et al.) 2137 Eurois occulta (L.) Great Brocade Alderney: Essex Farm, 6.8 (DJW); La Vallee Clos, 6.8, 8.8 (DJW). Guernsey: St Andrews, 5.8 (W. Turner); St Peters, 5.8 (PDMC). 2160a Lacanohia splendens (Hb.) Splendid Brocade Alderney: La Vallee Clos, 4.7, 10.7 (DJW). Guernsey: St Martins, 21.7 (TNDP, in Austin, 2007). Jersey: Grouville, July (3), Les Quennevais, July (6), Waterworks Valley, July (2) (RLo, KT). 2248a Dryohotodes roboris (Boisd.) Southern Brindled Green Jersey: Creux Baillot, 12.10, first VC record (RLo). 2248b Dryobotodes tenebrosa (Esp.) Sombre Brocade Guernsey: Icart Point, St Martins, 2.10 (TNDP); St Peters, 19.9 (PDMC); first VC records. 2308 Callopistria juventina (Stoll) Latin Guernsey: St Peter Port, 30.6 (TBo, in Austin, 2007). 2383 Hoplodrina superstes (Ochs.) Powdered Rustic Alderney: ‘Fairly common, possibly a transitory resident’ (DJW). 2392a Proxenus hospes (Frey.) Porter’s Rustic Guernsey: St Martins, 16.8, 22.8, 26.8, first VC records (TNDP, in Austin, 2007). 2401 Heliothis viriplaca (Hufn.) Marbled Clover Jersey: Les Quennevais, 18.7, first Jersey record (KT per RLo). 2404 Heliothis nubigera (H.-S.) Eastern Bordered Straw Alderney: Essex Farm, 15.8 (DJW). 2407 Eublemma ostrina (Hb.) Purple Marbled Jersey: L’Ouaisne, 9.10, first VC record (RLo). 2408 Eublemma parva (Hb.) Small Marbled Alderney: Essex Farm, 12.6 (DJW). Guernsey: St Peters, 20.7 (PDMC, in Austin, 2007). Jersey: Grouville, 10.10 (RW). 2451 Catocala fraxini (L.) Clifden Nonpareil Alderney: La Vallee Clos, 10.10 (DJW). Guernsey: St Peters, 22.9 (PDMC, in Austin, 2007). 2453 Catocala electa (View.) Rosy Underwing Alderney: Essex Farm, 12.9 (DJW); La Vallee Clos, 10.9 (DJW). Guernsey: St Sampsons, 22.8 (ML, in Austin, 2007). Jersey: Grouville, August (1) (RLo); Les Augres, September (1) (RLo). 2460 Dysgonia algira (L.) Passenger Alderney: Essex Farm, 22.8 (DJW). APPENDIX 1 Corrections/Additions to 2005 report 1262a Cydia deshaisiana (Lucas) [In] SURREY [17] Woking, 12.11, imported larva (in seed) purchased in shop (adult bred 14.2.06) (M. Coad per JPo). 1408 Palpita vitrealis (Rossi) [I] SURREY [17] Weybridge, 29.10 (ARM per JPo). 1479 Plodia interpunctella (Hb.) [In] SURREY [17] Streatham, 14.7, at light (MWT per JPo). Unlisted Halysidota tessellaris (Smith) [In] GLAMORGAN [41] Margam, December, adult found dead in a package imported from the U.S.A (Gilmore, 2006). Unlisted Apantesis phalerata (Harris) [In] GLAMORGAN [41] Margam, undated, adult found dead in a package imported from Kentucky, U.S.A (Gilmore, 2007). 270 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 120 25.xi.2008 APPENDIX 2 Corrections/Additions to 2004 report 1248 Grapholita molesta (Busck) [In] SURREY [17] Buckland, 2.9, at light (CH per JPo). 1475 Ephestia kuehniella (Zell.) [In][I] SURREY [17] Addlestone, 7.10 (ARM per JPo). 2202 Mythimna l-alburn (L.) L- album Wainscot [R][I/V] GLAMORGAN [41] Gower, 1-16.6, one in a malaise trap, first VC record (Gilmore, 2007). APPENDIX 3 Corrections/Additions to 2001 report 2455b Pandesma robusta (Walk.) [In] N. HAMPSHIRE [12] Hook, 31.12, adult found moribund in supermarket (PAB det. MRH per TN). APPENDIX 4 Corrections/Additions to 1995 report 1995a Cerura erminea (Esp.) Feline Jersey: Gorey, 19.7, first VC record (retained specimen retrospectively identified) (R. Burrow, in Long, 2008). Initials of recorders AAL Lawrence, A. A. APB Bunting, A.P. CCM Moore, C.C. ABa Barker, A. APR Russell, A.P. CD Dobson, C. ABi Binding, A. APT Thunder, A.P. CG Glanfield, C. ABr Bryant, A. AR Ridge, A. CH Hart, C. ABu Butler, A. ARC Collins, A.R. CHF Fletcher, C.H. AC Cross, A. ARM Mitchell, A.R. Cl Ivin, C. AD Drewitt, A. ASE Ezard, A.S. CJW Wilson, C.J. AEA Aston, A.E. ASH Harmer, A.S. CK Knott, C. AECA Adams, A.E.C. AT Tyner, A. CM Moore, C. AF Frost, A. AW Wood, A. CMM Manley, C.M. AFG Gardner, A.F. AWP Prichard, A.W. CO Osthoff, C. AG Graham, A. BBa Banson, B. CPB-J Bruce-Jones, C.P. AGJB Butcher, A.G.J. BBo Boothroyd, B. CRBB Baker, C.R.B. AGP Page, A.G. BC Clews, B. CRP Pratt, C.R. AHD Dobson, A.H. BD Dickerson, B. CS Smith, C. AJe Jenkins, A. BE Elliot, B. CT Turley, C. A Jo Johnson, A. BFS Skinner, B.F. cw Williams, C. AJD Draper, A.J. BG Goodey, B. CWP Plant, C.W. AJK Kolaj, A.J. BH Hancock, B. DAC Coleman, D.A. AJM Morris, A.J. BI-J Ivon-Jones, B. DBa Barbour, D. AJP Pickles, A.J. BJM Mayhead, B.J. DBe Beck, D. AK Kennard, A. BJS Stewart, B.J. DBr Brougham, D. AM Martin, A. BPH Henwood, B.P. DBW Wooldridge, D. AMB Banthorpe, A. & B. BRS Spence, B.R. DC Couzens, D. AMD Davis, A.M. BS Stone, B. DCGB Brown, D.C.G. AMG George, A.M. BTS Shaw, B.T. DD Davidson, D. AMH Hoare, A.M. BW Withers, B. DDB Bowes, D. & D. AMT Tebbs, A. & M. CB Baker, C. DEW Wilson, D.E. ANG Graham, A.N. & J.E. CC Cockbain, C. DF Foot, D. AP Pease, A CCBO Cape Clear Bird Obs. DFL Lee, D. & F. 2006 IMMIGRATION REVIEW 271 DGA Atherton, D. & G. IGMR Reid, I.G.M. LH Hammond, L. DGo Goddard, D. IH Hodgson, I. LJF Finch, L.J. DGr Grundy, D. IPW Woiwod, I.P. LJH Hill, L.J. DGG Green, D.G. IR Roberts, I. LO Oakes, L. DH Hipperson, D. IRT Thirlwell, LR. MA Anthoney, M. DJH Holding, D.J. IW Walker, I. MAS Snelling, M.A. DJLA Agassiz, D.J.L. JA Astley, J. MB Bridge, M. DJW Wedd, D.J. JB Bousfield, J. MC Cade, M. DL Larkin, D. JBC Cooke, J.B. MCH Harvey, M.C. DLW Wilton, D.L. JBF Fisher, J.B. MCP Perry, M.C. DMc McCormack, D. JBH Higgott, J.B. MCT Townsend, M.C. DNB Burrows, D.N. JC Clifton, J. MD Dale, M. DO Owen, D. JD Durnell, J. MDB Bridge, M.D. DRML Long, D.R.M. JDW Wilson, J.D. ME Easterbrook, M. DS Sussex, D. JE England, J. MEH Hicks, M.E. DTB Biggs, D.T. JEC Chainey, J.E. MFo Forster, M. DW Walker, D. JF Fish, J. MFr Freeman, M. DWJ Jenner, D.W. JG Geeson, J. MFS Stoyle, M.F. DY Young, D. JH Halsey, J. MFVC Corley, M.F.V. EC Carpenter, E. JHB Burge, J.H. MG Gray, M. ED Dawson, E JHC Clarke, J.H. MGS Sumbler, M.G. EG Goodyear, E. JJa Jaines, J. MH Hammond, M. EJG Gilbert, E.J. JJo Jones, J. MJ Jeffes, M. EMC Cram, E. & M. JJH Hicks, J. & J. MJA Ashby, M.J. EMG Essex Moth Group JK Knowler, J. MJD Deans, M.J. E&MS Smith, E. & M. JL Lindsell, J. MJS Simmons, M.J. EO’D O’Donnell, E. JMc McGill, J. MJT Tickner, M.J. ER Rolston, E. JMC Cheverton, J.C. MK Killeby, M. EW White, E. JN Nelson, J. ML Lawlor, M. FS Solly, F. JO Owen, J. MLO Opie, M.L. FTJ Johns, F.T. JPa Parrack, J. MM Meharg, M. GAC Collins, G.A. 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